10. How many square yards of carpeting will it take to o a room, 4 yards long and 3 yards wide? Suggestion.-Let the given room be represented by the subjoined figure, the length of which is divided into 4 equal parts, and the breadth into 3 equal parts, which we will call linear yards. Now it is plain that the room will contain as many square yards as there are squares in the given figure. But the

number of squares in the figure is equal to the number of e parts (linear yards) which its length contains, repeated as times as there are equal parts (linear yards) in its breadth; is, it is equal to 4X3, or 12. Ans. 12 yds.

11. How many sq. feet in a floor, 20 feet long, 18 feet wid 12. How many acres in a field, 50 rods long, 45 rods wide 13. How many square yards in a ceiling, 35 feet long an feet wide?

14. How many acres in a farm, 420 rods long and 170 wide ?

15. What is the area of a square field, whose sides are 80 in length?

16. How many yards of carpeting, a yard wide, will it tal cover a floor 18 feet square.

17. How many yards of plastering are required to cover sides of a room, 18 ft. long, 15 feet wide, and 9 ft. high?

18. How many square yards of shingling will cover both of a roof, whose rafters are 20 feet, and whose ridge pole feet long?

286. The cubical contents, or solidity of boxes of g piles of wood, &c., are found by multiplying the length, bre and thickness together.

19. How many cubic feet in a box 5 feet long, 4 feet wide 3 feet deep?

Solution.-5X4=20, and 20X3=60. Ans. 60 cu. ft.

QUEST.-286. How are the cubical contents of a box of goods, a pile of woo 8*

found?

20. How many cubic feet in a block of granite, 65 in. long, 42 in. wide, and 36 in. thick?

21. How many cubic feet in a load of wood, 8 ft. long, 41 ft. high, and 3 ft. wide?

22. How many cords of wood in a pile, 46 ft. long, 16 ft. high, and 14353 feet wide?

23. How many cubic feet in a vat, 12 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, and 7 ft. deep?

24. How many cubic feet in a bin, 12 ft. long, 9 ft. deep, and 7 ft. wide?

25. How many cubic yards in a cellar, 18 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and 9 ft. deep?

26. How many cubic feet in a stick of timber, 2 ft. square, and 40 ft. long?

27. How many cubic feet in a cistern 15 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and 10 ft. deep?

287. To reduce Cubic to Dry, or Liquid Measure.

First reduce the given yards, feet, &c., to cubic inches; then divide by the number of cubic inches in a gallon, or bushel, as the case may be, and the quotient will be the answer required. (Arts. 260, 263.)

28. In 10752 cubic feet, how many bushels?

Solution.

10752 X 1728 =18579456 cubic inches; and 18579456-2150 8640 bushels.

29. In 21504 cubic feet, how many bushels?

30. In 462 cubic feet, how many wine gallons?

31. In 1155 cubic feet and 33 inches, how many wine gallons? 32. In 846 cubic feet, how many beer gallons?

33. In 1128 cubic feet and 141 in., how many beer gallons? 34. How many bushels will a bin contain, which is 5 ft. long, 5 ft. wide, and 4 ft. deep?

35. How many bushels will a bin contain, which is 8 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 3 ft. deep?

QUEST-287. How reduce cubic to dry, or liquid measure?

36. How many bushels will a bin contain, which is 14 ft. long, 10 ft. 8 in. wide, and 6 ft. 8 in. deep?

37. How many wine gallons in a cistern, which is 6 ft. long, 5 ft. wide, and 4 feet deep?

38. How many barrels of water (wine meas.) will a cistern hold, which is 20 ft. long, 15 ft. wide, and 10 ft. deep?

39. The distributing reservoir of the Croton Water Works in the City of New York, is 436 ft. square and 40 feet high: how many hogsheads of water will it hold?

288.

To reduce Dry, or Liquid, to Cubic Measure.

First find the number of bushels, if dry measure, or gallons, if liquid measure, in the given example; then multiply by the number of cubic inches in a gallon, or bushel, as the case may be, and the product will be the answer required. (Art. 263.)

40. How many cubic feet in a bin, which contains 100 bushels ?

Solution.

100×2150

=215040, and 215040 ÷ 1728=

124-7, or 1244 cubic feet. Ans.

41. How many cubic feet in a lime kiln, which holds 100 bushels ?

42. How many cubic feet in the hold of a ship, which contains 1000 bushels of grain?

43. How many cubic feet in 1 hogshead, wine measure?

44. How many cubic feet in a cistern, which holds 50 barrels of water?

45. How many cubic feet in a vat, which contains 100 hogsheads wine measure?

289. To reduce Liquid to Dry Measure, or Dry to Liquid

Measure.

First find the cubic inches in the given example; then divide them by the number of cubic inches in a gallon, or bushel, as the case may be, and the quotient will be the answer required.

QUIST.-288. How reduce dry, or liquid measure to cubic ? to dry measure? How dry to liquid measure ↑

289. How reduce liquid

174

REDUCTION.

[SEC

46. In 40 gallons wine measure, how many bushels ? Solution.-40 X 231=9240 cu. in., and 9240 cu. in.

4 bushels. Ans.

21

47. In 6 hogsheads, 16 gallons, how many bushels ? 48. In 5 bushels, how many gallons wine measure? 49. In 3200 quarts dry measure, how many hogshead measure?

290. To reduce Wine to Beer Measure, or Beer to Measure.

First find the number of cubic inches in the the given exa then divide them by the number of cubic inches which it t make a gallon in the required measure.

50. In 94 wine gallons, how many beer gallons?

Solution.-94231=21714 cu. in., and 21714 cu. in.÷2 77 gallons. Ans.

51. In 1 hhd. wine measure, how many beer gallons?

52. A tavern-keeper bought 4 hhds. of cider wine measure retailed it by beer measure: how many gallons did he lose ? 53. In 20 beer gallons, how many wine gallons?

54. A grocer bought 7238 gallons of milk beer measure, retailed it by wine measure: how many gallons did he gain ? 55. A druggist bought 10000 gallons of alcohol beer meas and sold it by wine measure: how many gallons did he gain? 56. A grocer bought 65 hhds. 29 gals. and 2 quarts of milk beer measure, and sold it to his customers by wine measure: many quarts more did he sell than he bought?

57. A liquor dealer bought 120 pipes of wine which his cl retailed by beer measure: how many gallons more did he b than he sold?

291. Since the earth revolves on its axis 1o in four minute or 1' in 4 seconds of time, (Art. 268,) it is evident that longitud may be reduced to time. That is, multiplying degrees of long tude by 4 reduces them to minutes of time, multiplying minute of longitude by 4 reduces them to seconds of time, &c.

QUEST.-290. How reduce wine to beer measure? How beer to wine measure ?

By reversing this process it is evident that time may be reduced to longitude. Thus, dividing seconds of time by 4, will reduce them to minutes of longitude; dividing minutes of time by 4, will reduce them to degrees, &c. Hence,

292. To find the difference of time between two places from the difference of their longitude.

Reduce the difference of longitude to minutes; multiply them by 4, and the product will be the difference of time in seconds, which may be reduced to hours and minutes.

OBS. When the difference of longitude consists of degrees only, we may multiply them by 4, and the product will be the answer in minutes.

58. The difference of longitude between New York and Cincinnati is 10° 26': what is the difference in their time?

Solution.-10° and 26' 626'; (Art. 281;) now 626'X4= 2504 seconds of time; and 2504 sec. ÷60=41 min. 44 sec. Ans. 59. The difference of longitude between Albany and Boston is 2° 9': what is the difference in their time?

60. The difference of longitude between Albany and Detroit is 9° 45' what is the difference in their time?

61. The difference of longitude between New Haven and New Orleans is 17° 10': what is the difference in their time?

62. The difference of longitude between Charleston, S. C. and Mobile is 8° 27': what is the difference in their time?

63. The difference of longitude between New York and Canton is 187° 3': what is the difference in their time?

293. To find the difference of longitude between two places from the difference in their time.

Reduce the given difference of time to seconds; divide them by 4, and the quotient will be the difference of longitude in minutes, which may be reduced to degrees. (Art. 281.)

OBS. When there are no seconds in the difference of time, we may divide the minutes by 4, and the quotient will be the answer in degrees.

QUEST.-292. How find the difference of time between two places from their difference of longitude? 293. How find the difference of longitude from the difference of time?