CHAPTER IX.

THE DELIVERANCE OF SPAIN.

Condition of the opposing armies-Battle of Castella-Disposition of the armies-

Wellington's plan of attack-Advance of Wellington: skirmish at Santa Marta

-Passage of the Esla-Burgos destroyed: Joseph retreats across the Ebro-

French position at Vitoria-The line of the Ebro turned: communication opened

with the coast-Skirmishes at Osma, St. Millan, and the Zadora-The battle-

field of Vitoria-Skirmish at Murguia-Dispositions of the French army-Wel-

lington's plan of battle-The battle of Vitoria-The spoils of Vitoria-The

flight into France-Foy's retreat: combats of Montdragon, Veasaya, and To-

losa-Clausel escapes to Jaca-Results of the victory-Reduction of the frontier

fortresses of Spain necessary-Siege of San Sebastian-Siege suspended-Soult

reorganizes the "army of Spain "-Dispositions of the allies on the Pyrenees-

Operations in Valencia and Catalonia-Series of "Battles of the Pyrenees "-

Combat of Roncesvalles-Combat of Maya-Wellington concentrates-Sally

from Pampeluna - First combat of Sauroren- Combat of Buenza-Second

combat of Sauroren-Pursuit of Soult-The Bridge of Yanzi-Combats of

Echallar and Ivantelly-Positions assumed by the armies-Renewal of the

siege of San Sebastian-The town sacked-Reduction of the citadel-Soult

advances: combats of San Marcial and Vera.

pp. 270-306

--

-

CHAPTER X.

THE INVASION OF FRANCE-THE BIDASSOA, NIVELLE, NIVE, BEFORE

BAYONNE.

Napoleon's disasters in Germany-Passage of the Bidassoa-Soult's entrenchments:

Suchet's inactivity-Position of the allies-Surrender of Pampeluna-Welling-

ton's difficulties with the Spaniards and Portuguese as to supplies-Soult's diffi-

culties-Physical features of the south-west of France-French position on the

Nivelle: Wellington's plan of attack - Battle of the Nivelle-Repression of

marauding: the Spaniards sent back-Difficulties of the allies' situation-Soult's

lines on the Nive—The passage of the Nive-Dangers of the allies' position-

The battles before Bayonne. Arcangues-Barrouilhet-Soult moves against the

right-Battle of St. Pierre-Results of the Nive and Bayonne actions-Soult's

new lines-The allies in winter quarters-Spanish marauders: Basque warfare

-Relations with Spain: Treaty of Valençay-Soult's difficulties increased: the

population supports Wellington

pp. 307-333

CHAPTER XI.

THE INVASION OF FRANCE CONTINUED-BAYONNE, ORTHES, TOulouse.

Wellington's resources-Plan for reduction of Bayonne-Soult's plans-Advance of

the allies' centre and right-Advance upon Orthes-Battle of Orthes-Soult

retreats to cover Toulouse-Passage of the Adour at Bayonne-Investment of

Bayonne-Wellington crosses the Adour: combat of Aire-Soult's eastward

march: state of his army-Expedition to Bordeaux-Advance of the allied

Sovereigns upon Paris: Napoleon abdicates-The Spaniards again brought

forward-Soult advances to the Lees: retreats towards Toulouse-Combats of

Vic Bigorre, Tarbes, and St. Gaudens-Fortifications of Toulouse-Passage

of the Garonne above Toulouse fails-Passage below Toulouse-The battle of

Toulouse-Soult retreats from Toulouse to Villefranche-Wellington enters

Toulouse-The convention between the armies-Blockade of Bayonne: the

sally-Close of the operations in Spain-Return of the armies: Wellington's

farewell-Wellington's honours-Congress of Vienna

pp. 334-362

CHAPTER XII.

THE WATERLOO CAMPAIGN.

The Congress of Vienna-Napoleon escapes from Elba-Napoleon's advance from

the south: Ney dispatched against him-Ney's treachery: flight of Louis XVIII.

to Ghent-Napoleon arrives at the Tuileries-Congress of Vienna declares him

a public enemy-Napoleon grants a Constitution-His military resources--

Wellington and Blücher in Belgium-The Prussian army-The British forces in

Belgium-Difficulties of the allies' position: dispersal of the troops-Welling-

ton's plan for an invasion of France-Napoleon's opportunity-Napoleon con-

centrates against the centre-Napoleon's address to the Grand Army-Charac-

ter of the opposing armies-The French pass the Sambre-Prussians retreat to

Fleurus-Ney's arrival before Quatre Bras-Errors of the French staff-Wel-

lington's early orders-The ball-The march from Brussels-Blücher's move-

ments-Napoleon's plan for the 16th June-Wellington reaches Quatre Bras:

confers with Blücher at Ligny-Prussians attacked at Ligny-Prussians retreat

to Wavre-Wellington's position attacked at Quatre Bras-The bivouac at

Quatre Bras-Communication with the Prussians: Wellington resolves to re-

treat-Blücher concentrates at Wavre-Napoleon's plan for the 17th-Grouchy

detached to the eastward-Wellington's retreat to Waterloo-Skirmishing at

Genappes and Waterloo-The night at Waterloo-The field of Waterloo-

Numbers of the armies at Waterloo-The morning of the battle-Prussian

movements-Orders to Grouchy-Battle of Waterloo-Attack on Hougoumont-

The Prussians approach-Napoleon's detachments-Ney's attack on the centre:

charges of the British cavalry-Renewed attack on Hougoumont-The French

cavalry charges-The French capture La Haye Sainte-Renewed cavalry charges

-The Prussians advance: attack the right— New French formation: advance

of the Imperial Guard-Success of the Prussians-Advance of Wellington's line

-The rout of the Grand Army-The Prussians continue the pursuit-The loss

at Waterloo-The field by night-Excitement in Brussels-The commissariat-

Advance from Waterloo-Battle of Wavre-Grouchy renews the battle: defeats

the Prussians-Grouchy's retreat-Combat of Namur-Wellington's proclama-

tion-The invasion of France-Skirmishes at Villars-Cotterets, Nanteuille, and

Versailles-The Jacobin party in the Chambers: Napoleon's abdication-The

Provisional Government-Napoleon surrenders-The fortifications of Paris-

The capitulation of Paris-The triumphal march into Paris.-The Bourbon

Restoration-The terms of peace-Execution of Ney-The evacuation-Close

of Napoleon's career

pp. 364-452

CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY

INDEX.

453

95, line

109,

20, for "

Santare," read "Santarem."

line 10, for "16th" read " 18th."

129, line 9 from foot [chapter contents], for "Masséna reaches Sabugal" read "Mas séna reaches Salamanca.'

167, in the side note, for "Masséna reaches Sabugal" read "Masséna reaches Sala

manca."

"

211, line 9 [chapter contents], for "Second skirmish at Usagre" read "Third skirmish at Usagre.'

232, in first side note, for "Second skirmish at Usagre" read "Third skirmish at

Usagre."

THE PENINSULAR WAR, &c.

CHAPTER I.

THE ORIGIN OF THE PENINSULAR WAR.

The Berlin Decree against British commerce-Orders in Council-The Eylau and Friedland campaign-The Peace of Tilsit: secret articles-Expedition to Copenhagen-War with Russia-Napoleon's suspicions of Spain-Napoleon's demands on Portugal-Dissensions in the Spanish Court-Treaty of Fontainebleau-Junot appointed to the army of Portugal-French march upon Portugal-Junot enters Lisbon-Godoy's intrigues-The French enter Spain-Abdication of the Spanish King-The Spanish Royal Family at Bayonne-Riots in Madrid and other cities-Ferdinand VII. is forced to abdicate and is imprisoned -Joseph Bonaparte elected King-The War of Spanish Independence begins -Characteristics of Spanish warfare: physical features of the Peninsula-Napoleon's power-State of the Spanish armies-First Siege of Saragossa-Battles of Cabrillas and Rio Seco-French capitulation at Baylen-Joseph retreats from Madrid-Character of the War of Independence-The Guerrilla bands.

HE fourteenth of October, 1806, witnessed the military over

proved the spasmodic effort to which a truckling Court had been reluctantly driven by the patriotic outburst of a people, on whom the French tyrant's sway had pressed with unwonted severity, and with that insolence which the unmurmuring submission of the enthralled begets. Inferior in numbers and utterly surpassed in military skill, Hohenlohe fled from the fatal field. On the same day the veteran Duke of Brunswick, although his army numbered twice that of the French, was ingloriously defeated at Auerstädt by Marshal Davout. Prussia, prostrated by her loss of 50,000 men,