CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY.

The Portuguese Royal Family emigrates to Brazil; the French, under Junot, enter Lisbon, 30th November.

The French, under Moncey and Dupont, obtain possession of San Sebastian and Pampeluna, December, and, under Duhesme, of Barcelona.

Charles IV. of Spain abdicates; Ferdinand VII. of Spain is proclaimed, 19th March. Riot in Toledo, 23rd April; riot in Madrid, 2nd May; the War of Independence in Spain begins; a French squadron is captured at Cadíz, May; victories of the French under Bessières at Logroño, Torquemada, Segovia, Cabeçon, and Santander, June; and, under Lefevre, on the Ebro, the Huecha, and the Xalon; first siege of Saragossa, by Lefevre, begins, 15th June; Palafox is defeated at Epila; Moncey defeats the irregulars at Cabrillas, 23rd June; is repulsed from Valencia.

The War of Independence in Portugal begins; Oporto rises, June; Algarve recovers independence, July.

Peace is signed between England and Spain, July.

Duhesme is checked in Catalonia; Bessières defeats Cuesta at Rio Seco, 14th July; King Joseph Bonaparte enters Madrid, 21st July; Dupont sacks Cordova; he retreats; Gobert is routed at Baylen by Reding, and Dupont capitulates to Castaños, 19th July. King Joseph retires to Burgos; and Castaños enters Madrid; the first siege of Saragossa is raised, 15th August.

Two British divisions are dispatched to Portugal under Wellesley and Moore; Wellesley lands in Figueiras Bay, 1st-5th August; moves towards Lisbon, 8th; skirmishes at Obidos, 15th; defeats De Laborde at Roliça, 17th, and Junot at Vimiera, 21st; Dalrymple assumes the command, 22nd, and signs a Convention for the liberation of Portugal, 30th; Moore succeeds to the command.

The French are driven by Blake behind the Ebro, September.

Moore moves towards Spain, 26th October, to co-operate with Baird and the Spaniards.

The French retake Bilbao, 31st October; Blake is defeated by Lefevre at Tornosa, 31st October, and by Victor and Lefevre at Espinosa, 10th-11th November; Belvedere is defeated by Soult at Burgos, 10th November; Blake by Soult at Reynosa, 13th; and Palafox and Castaños by Lannes at Tudela, 23rd; St. Cyr takes Rosas, 4th December; routs Reding at Cardadeu, 16th; relieves Barcelona; and routs Reding at Molinos del Rey, 21st; second siege of Saragossa is begun by Mortier and Moncey, 20th.

Moore moves against Soult on the Carrion; skirmish at Sahagun; Moore begins his retreat, 24th December, pursued by Napoleon; cavalry skirmish at Mayorga, 26th, and Castro Gonzalo (Benevente), 29th; Moore moves from Astorga, 31st.

Napoleon resigns the pursuit to Soult at Astorga, 1st January; skirmish at Calcabellos, 3rd, and Constantino, 5th; Moore offers battle at Lugo, 7th-8th; reaches Coruña, 11th; defeats Soult at Coruña-is killed, 16th; the fleet sails for England, 18th.

Cradock organizes the British in Portugal.

Marshal Victor defeats Infantado at Ucles, 13th January; Reding is defeated and slain by St. Cyr at Igualada, 17th February; Catalonia (except Gerona) is reduced; Saragossa surrenders to Lannes, 20th; all Aragon is reduced, March.

Soult moves from Coruña into Portugal, March; Silveira is repulsed from Villaça; Soult takes Chaves, 12th; Portuguese army mutinies-Freire is murdered, 17th; Eben is routed by Soult at Braga, 20th; Silveira recovers Chaves and fortifies Amarante ; Soult storms Oporto, 29th.

A.D.

1809.

1810.

Sebastiani defeats Cartoajal and Albuquerque at Ciudad Real, 27th March; Victor defeats Cuesta at Medellin, 28th.

Cradock is superseded by Wellesley.

Soult seizes Amarante from Silveira, 2nd-3rd May.

Wellesley moves from Lisbon against Soult; conspiracy in the French army; skir mishes at Pezo de Ragoa, Grijon, and Carvalho; Soult is driven behind the Douro, 11th May; he is routed on the Douro, 12th; skirmishes at Salamonde and Ponte Nova; Wellesley returns to the Tagus.

Blake routs Suchet at Alcaniz, 23rd May; is defeated by Suchet at Maria, 15th June; and routed at Belchite, 18th.

Wellesley and Cuesta advance up the valley of the Tagus, July; Wellesley halts at Talavera, 22nd; Cuesta is attacked at Torrijos and Alcabon, 25th; Wellesley defeats Joseph and Victor at Talavera, 28th; Wellesley marches towards Plasencia to meet Soult, 3rd August; retreats across the Tagus at Arzobispo, 4th, to Deleytoza, and thence to Jaraicejo and Merida.

Sebastiani routs Venegas at Almonacid, 11th August; Mortier and Sebastiani defeat Areyzaga at Ocaña, 19th November.

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Wellington moves to winter quarters on the Mondego.

Gerona surrenders to Augereau, 12th December, after seven months' siege.

Joseph and Soult march upon Andalusia, January; Areyzaga is routed at Jaen by Sebastiani; Cordova, Seville, Grenada, and Malaga surrender; the supreme Junta flees to Cadiz, which Victor invests, February.

Suchet is repulsed from Valencia, 10th March; besieges Lerida, 27th April—13th May; Augereau takes Hostalrich, 12th May, after four months' siege.

Masséna begins his movement upon Portugal, June; takes Ciudad Rodrigo, 11th July; drives Crawfurd across the Coa, 24th; besieges Almeida, 15th-27th August; enters Viseu, 21st September; Wellington offers battle at Busaco-defeats Masséna, 27th; Masséna marches by the Boyalva Pass; Wellington retreats to Torres Vedras, 28th September-10th October; skirmishes at Leiria (5th October), Rio Mayor (8th), and Alemquer (10th); Trant seizes Masséna's hospitals in Coimbra, 7th October; Masséna retires from before the Torres Vedras lines to Santarem, 15th November; Wellington follows-Hill crosses to the Alemtejo.

Suchet invests Tortosa, 15th December.

1811. Soult takes Olivença, 22nd January; invests Badajos, 26th; defeats Mendizabel, 19th February; Badajos surrenders, 10th March.

Tortosa surrenders to Suchet, 2nd February.

Graham sails from Cadiz; marches from Algesiras to Barosa; defeats Victor, 5th March.

Soult returns to the Cadiz lines.

Wellington receives reinforcements, 2nd March; Masséna burns his pontoons (5th), and begins his retreat by Coimbra; skirmishes at Pombal (10th), Redinha (12th), Condeixa (13th), Foz d'Aronce (15th), on the Alva (18th), and at Guarda (29th); combat of Sabugal, 3rd April; Masséna retreats to Salamanca.

Wellington blockades Almeida, 9th April.

Beresford is detached from Foz d'Aronce, 16th March; skirmish at Campo Mayor, 25th; Beresford takes Olivença, 14th April; first skirmish at Usagre, 15th.

Masséna moves from Salamanca by Ciudad Rodrigo to relieve Almeida; is defeated by Wellington at Fuentes d'Oñoro, 3rd-5th May; re-crosses the Agueda, 1oth; Brennier blows up Almeida and escapes, 10th-11th; Masséna is succeeded by Marmont.

First English siege of Badajos, by Beresford, 8th-15th May; Beresford unites with the Spaniards at Albuera; defeats Soult, 16th; Wellington joins Beresford, 19th; second cavalry skirmish at Usagre,-Lumley defeats Latour-Maubourg, 23rd; Hill succeeds Beresford.

Suchet invests Tarragona, 4th May; storms it, 28th June.

Second English Siege of Badajos, by Wellington, 24th May-11th June; Marmont and Soult move to unite; the blockade of Badajos is raised, 14th June: Wellington retreats to the Caya and unites with Spencer from the north; skirmish at Villa Viciosa, 23rd; Blake is sent to threaten Seville; he besieges Niebla; Soult burns Olivença and returns to Seville; Marmont retires to the Tagus valley.

A.D. 1811.

Macdonald recovers Figueras from Martinez, 19th August; Catalonia is conquered by the French.

Wellington arrives on the Coa, 8th August; blockades Ciudad Rodrigo; Marmont and Dorsenne advance with convoys, September; Wellington is attacked at El Bodon, 25th; retreats to Guinaldo; Marmont reviews his troops, 26th; Wellington retreats; is attacked at Aldea del Ponte, 27th; Wellington continues his retreat by night to Soita and Rendo; Marmont returns to the Tagus; Wellington resumes the blockade of Ciudad Rodrigo.

Hill moves from Portalegre into Estremadura; occupies Malpartida de Caceres, 26th October; surprises Girard at Arroyo dos Molinos, 28th; returns to Portalegre.

Suchet takes Murviedro, 25th October; marches upon Valencia and invests it, 31st December; Tarifa is invested by Godinot, 15th October; and again by Laval, 19th December.

Hill again enters Estremadura; surprises Nava de Membrillos, 28th December; 1812. and Almendralejos, 1st January; Abercrombie's cavalry defeats the enemy at Fuente del Maestro, 3rd; Hill returns to Portalegre, 13th; Morillo is routed by Treillard at Almagro.

Laval abandons the siege of Tarifa, 4th-5th January; Blake surrenders Valencia to Suchet, 8th January.

Wellington besieges Ciudad Rodrigo, 8th January; storms it, 19th; Marmont reaches Fuente el Sauco, 21st; retires to Valladolid and fortifies Salamanca.

Wellington marches to Estremadura; invests Badajos, 17th March; captures the Picurina, 25th; storms the castle and town, 6th-7th April; Soult reaches Villa-Franca, Sth; retreats; third cavalry skirmish at Usagre-Cotton defeats Peyreymont.

Marmont advances on Ciudad Rodrigo and enters Portugal; retires into Leon on Wellington's approach.

Hill surprises the bridge of Almaraz, 19th May; cavalry skirmish in the Maquilla defile, June; Hill takes post at Albuera.

Wellington enters Spain, 13th June; arrives at Salamanca, 17th; Clinton invests the forts; Marmont advances; skirmish at Morisco, 21st, and Aldea Lengua, 22nd; Marmont manœuvres by Aldea Rubea; the Salamanca forts are captured, 27th; Marmont retires across the Douro; skirmish at Tordesillas, 2nd July; manoeuvres on the Douro, 15th-21st; Wellington defeats Marmont at Salamanca, 22nd; enters Valladolid, 30th, and moves in pursuit of Joseph; skirmish at Majalahonda, 11th August; Wellington enters Madrid, 12th.

Soult raises the siege of Cadiz, 25th August, and evacuates Andalusia.

Wellington moves from Madrid against Clausel, 1st September; invests Burgos, 19th (St. Michael's stormed, 19th; first assault on castle, 22nd; second assault, 28th; third assault, 4th October; fourth assault, 18th October).

Soult takes Chinchilla, 6th October; unites with Joseph; is repulsed from Puente Larga, 30th; Hill retires from Madrid.

Souham reorganizes the "army of Portugal." Wellington retreats from Burgos, 21st October; skirmishes on the Hormaza and at Venta de Pozo, 23rd, and combat of the Carrion, 26th; Wellington unites with Hill on the Tormes; Soult crosses the Tormes, 14th November; Wellington retreats from Salamanca, 16th; skirmish at Matilla, 16th, and on the Huebra, 17th; the retreat is ended at Ciudad Rodrigo, 19th.

1813. Murray defeats Suchet near Castella, 13th April.

Wellington re-enters Spain, 22nd May; skirmish at Santa Marta, 26th; Graham passes the Esla, 31st; skirmish at Morales, 1st June; Joseph moves in retreat to the valley of the Ebro, 12th; Burgos is destroyed, 13th; Wellington turns the line of the Ebro; skirmishes at Osma and St. Millan, 18th, and on the Zadora, 19th; Wellington totally routs Joseph at Vitoria, 21st; Graham drives Foy from Veasaya, 24th, and Tolosa, 25th.

Murray besieges Tarragona, 2nd-11th June.

Graham besieges San Sebastian, 9th July, and D'España blockades Pampeluna; Soult advances,-siege of San Sebastian suspended, 25th; Battles of the Pyrenees,Roncesvalles and Maya, 25th; sally from Pampeluna, 26th and 27th; first combat of Sauroren, 28th; combat of Buenza, and second combat of Sauroren, 30th; Soult retreats; combat of Doña Maria, 31st; skirmish at the bridge of Yanzi, 1st August; combats of Echallar and Ivantelly, 2nd; siege of San Sebastian is resumed, 5th; the town is stormed, 31st; Soult again advances, 29th; combats of St. Marcial and Vera, 1st September; the citadel of San Sebastian surrenders, 8th.

A.D.

1813.

1814.

1815.

Bentinck re-invests Tarragona, 31st July; retreats to the Col de Balaguer, 11th August; Suchet retreats from Tarragona to the Llobregat; Bentinck enters Tarragona, September; Suchet drives him from Ordal, 13th September.

Wellington invades France,-passes the Bidassoa, 7th-9th October. Pampeluna surrenders, 31st. Wellington defeats Soult on the Nivelle, 10th-12th November; and passes the Nive, 9th December; Soult fights before Bayonne,-Arcangues, 10th, Barrouilhet, 11th and 12th, and St. Pierre, 13th; Soult retires to the right of the Adour. Suchet cuts off a cavalry detachment at Ordal, 10th December.

Sir Wm. Clinton attacks Suchet at Molino del Rey, 16th January; blockades Barcelona, 7th February; the garrisons of Lerida, Mequinenza, and Monzon are betrayed. Wellington advances by his centre and right, 12th February; Soult abandons the Bidouze and the Soissons, and retires on the Gaves; Hope bridges the Adour below Bayonne and invests the town, 23rd; Beresford drives Foy into Peyreyhorade, 23rd; Soult concentrates at Orthes; Beresford passes the Gave de Pau, 26th; Wellington defeats Soult at Orthes, 27th; crosses the Adour,-skirmish at Caceres, 28th, and at Barcelonne, 1st March; Clausel is driven from Áire, 2nd; Soult retires eastwards; Beresford enters Bordeaux, 12th; Soult advances to the_Lees, 13th; retreats towards Toulouse, 16th; Wellington pursues-skirmishes at Vic Begorre (19th), Tarbes (20th), and St. Gaudens (22nd).

Ferdinand VII. re-enters Spain, 24th March; Suchet retires into France.

Wellington arrives before Toulouse, 26th March; drives the French from the Touch, 28th; Hill passes the Garonne above Toulouse, 31st; retires. [Provisional Government formed in Paris, 1st April; Napoleon abdicates, 4th and 10th.] Wellington passes the Garonne below Toulouse, at Grenade and Seilh, 3rd-10th April; defeats Soult before Toulouse, 1oth; Soult evacuates Toulouse, 12th; Thouvenot sallies from Bayonne, 14th; Soult takes post at Castelnaudary; signs a convention, 17th.

The Peace of Paris is signed, 30th May.

The Congress of Vienna meets, 25th September.

Napoleon escapes from Elba, 26th February; lands in France, 1st March; enters Paris, 20th.

Wellington and Blücher proceed to Belgium. Napoleon concentrates on the Belgian frontier, 14th June; drives in the Prussian outposts at Charleroi and Fleurus, 15th. Napoleon defeats Blücher at Ligny, 16th June.

Ney is defeated at Quatre Bras by Wellington, 16th June.

Blücher retreats to Wavre, 17th June; Napoleon detaches Grouchy.

Wellington retreats to Waterloo, 17th June; skirmishing at Genappe and Waterloo.
Wellington and Blücher totally rout Napoleon at Waterloo, 18th.

Grouchy defeats Thielemann at Wavre, 17th and 18th June; Grouchy retreats towards
France; combat of Namur, 20th.

Wellington and Blücher advance into France.

Napoleon abdicates, 22nd June.

The allies take Cambrai, 24th, and Peronne, 26th; skirmish at Villars-Cotterets, 28th, Nanteuille, Aubervilliers, 29th, and Versailles, 1st July; Paris capitulates, 3rd; the allies enter it, 7th.

Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, 13th July; sails from Plymouth, 7th August; reaches St. Helena, 16th November.

The Peace of Paris is signed, 20th November.

INDEX.