Pickett v. The State, ex rel. Board of Commissioners of Hamilton County. APPEAL from the Howard Circuit Court. FRAZER, J.-This was a complaint against the appellant and his sureties, upon his bond as county treasurer. Upon a demurrer to the answer of the sureties having been overruled, the plaintiff refused to reply, and, thereupon, the sureties had judgment. The case was, however, proceeded with against Pickett alone, and resulted in a judgment against him for $1,868 40, from which he appeals. The complaint alleges that, on the 4th of September, 1855, the appellant and his sureties entered into a bond payable to the State, in the penalty of $50,000, which is filed with the complaint. The condition of the bond is, "that if the above bound Elihu Pickett, who has been elected treasurer of said county of Hamilton, will pay over all moneys, which shall come into his hands for state, county, school, road, railroad, and all other purposes, and shall well, faithfully and promptly discharge all the duties of said office of county treasurer for the said county of Hamilton, according to law, then this obligation shall be void," &c. The complaint assigns for "breach in said bond, that said Pickett did not well, faithfully and promptly discharge all the duties of said office; that on the day of October, 1856, one Jacob B. Loher was elected treasurer of said county, and, on the 7th of September, 1857, duly qualified and entered upon the duties of said office, as the successor of Pickett; that the sum of $2,000 had come into the hands of said Pickett, as such treasurer, for state, county, school, road, railroad, and other purposes, which he, though requested, failed, and still fails, to pay to his said successor, &c. The first question presented arises upon the action of the court below in overruling a demurrer by Pickett to the complaint. The appellant argues that the complaint is bad, because it does not show a state of facts making it his duty to pay the money to his successor; as that the money remained in his hands when he went out of office; that the duty to pay Pickett v. The State, ex rel. Board of Commissioners of Hamilton County. to his successor does not result from the mere fact that the money came into his hands, because he was bound by law to pay it out upon proper warrants, drawn upon him from time to time; that hence the complaint did not show him to be in default. This argument cannot be successfully met. We know, as a matter of law, that state, school, road, and other moneys, are required to be disbursed by the county treasurer, from time to time, to the proper officers, and we must presume, in the absence of averments to the contrary, that the proper warrants were drawn therefor, as the law requires, and that school trustees, supervisors, &c., whose duty it was to receive and expend the funds, did present such warrants, and that the treasurer paid them, as it was his duty to do. So that it does not result, because money comes into the hands of the treasurer, that it is his duty to pay it to his successor. Whenever the complaint is for failure to pay to his successor, it ought to be alleged that the money remained in his hands at the expiration of his term. We think it is very clear, therefore, that the court erred in overruling the demurrer to the complaint. The answer was: first, general denial; third, that the cause of action did not accrue within three years; fourth, that the cause of action did not accrue within six years; fifth, set-off. The second paragraph has no importance, and need not be noticed. Issues were made upon the answer, and, upon trial, there was a finding and judgment for the plaintiff, as already stated. There are some questions arising out of the evidence which demand our attention. Pickett's official term expired September 7, 1857, and on that day his successor assumed the duties of the office. This suit was commenced August 26, 1863, which was more than three, and but a few days less than six years after the cause of action accrued, for he could not fail to pay money to his successor until he had a successor, and then it became his duty to do so without a demand. The third paragraph of the answer was, there Pickett v. The State, ex rel. Board of Commissioners of Hamilton County. fore, sustained by the evidence. Was that paragraph a good bar to the suit? Our statute of limitations, 2 G. & H., § 211, p. 158, requires such a suit upon an officer's official bond, against him, or against him and his sureties, to be brought within three years after the cause of action shall have accrued; but it also provides that an action may be brought against the officer for money collected in an official capacity and not paid over, at any time within six years. It would appear, therefore, that if this was a suit upon the bond, the bar was complete; but if it was a suit against the treasurer for "money collected in his official capacity and not paid over," then there was no bar shown by the third paragraph of the answer, nor by the evidence. The legislature has certainly made a distinction, as to the period of limitation, between a suit against the officer upon. his bond, and a suit against him for failing to pay over money collected by him as such, which failure would be a breach of the bond. The difficulty of discovering any sound reason for this distinction would not justify us in disregarding the plain enactment, that the suit upon the bond must fail unless brought within three years. By every mark that could distinguish the one from the other, this is shown by the complaint to be a suit upon the bond.. Such is its form and substance. It alleges nothing but what was necessary to be alleged in such a suit; it alleges a breach of the bond as the cause of action, and though it does, as it necessarily must, aver facts which need to have been alleged in a suit for failing to pay over money collected. as treasurer, yet it contains much which could only be proper in a suit upon the bond, and we cannot, therefore, hold it to be other than such a suit. Not having been brought within three years, as was pleaded and proved, the finding for the plaintiff cannot be maintained. This disposes of all the questions which can properly be regarded as being in the record before us. Others are argued, which will doubtless arise in the further progress. VOL. XXIV.-24. Maxedon v. The State, on the relation of Simpson and Others. of the cause, but we do not think it wise to volunteer opinions upon them in advance. The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to the court below to set aside all its proceedings, as to the appellant, after his demurrer to the complaint, and to sustain the demurrer. D. C. Chipman, W. Garver and E. S. Stone, for appellant. D. Moss, for appellee. MAXEDON V. THE STATE, on the relation of SIMPSON and Others. In a proceeding for partition of real estate, a sale of the land was ordered, and A was appointed a commissioner, who, having given bond, and received part of the purchase money, absconded with the money. B was appointed his successor, and an action was brought on the bond, in the name of the State, on the relation of B, and of C, guardian of D and others, who were not alleged to be minors, and who were part of the persons whose land had been sold. Demurrer on the ground that B had no legal capacity to act as relator, and that the persons whose land had been sold were the only proper relators. Held, that B was not a proper relator. Held, also, that C was not a proper relator, even though D and others were minors. Held, also, that there being no averment that D and others were minors, they must be presumed to have been adults. Held, also, that the suit should have been brought on the relation of the persons whose land had been sold. Held, also, that the demurrer was sufficient to present the objection, under the code, that there was "a defect of parties plaintiff." APPEAL from the Madison Common Pleas. ELLIOTT, C. J.-This suit was first instituted in the name of the State of Indiana, on the relation of Simpson, who is described in the complaint as "a commissioner appointed by the Court of Common Pleas of Orange county, in the partition case of Sarah Dixon and others, in said court," on a bond executed by Joseph Cox, a former Maxedon v. The State, on the relation of Simpson and Others. commissioner appointed by the court in the same partition suit, with Maxedon, the appellant, and one Payne, as his sureties. The object of the suit was to recover of the defendants an amount of money alleged to have been received by Joseph Cox, the former commissioner, being a part of the proceeds of the sale of certain real estate sold under the order of the court, in said proceedings for partition. The court sustained a demurrer to the original complaint, for the reason that Simpson was not the proper relator. An amended complaint was then filed, on the relation of Simpson, as commissioner, &c., "and upon the relation of John Dixon, guardian of Solomon Dixon, Deborah Dixon, Silas Dixon, Bedford Dixon and John Dixon." The complaint and proceedings in the case for partition referred to, are made a part of the amended complaint in this suit, by which it is shown that the real estate ordered to be sold, under the proceedings in that case, was owned in common by Sarah Dixon, the widow of Silas Dixon, deceased, and by Solomon, Deborah, Silas, Bedford and John Dixon, and that said Sarah Dixon was entitled to more than a moiety of the whole. It also appears by the complaint that William Cox was first appointed by the court a commissioner to sell the real estate; that he did sell the same, according to the terms of the order of the court, and that the sale was reported to, and confirmed by, the court, but that he died soon afterward, without having received any portion of the purchase money; that the court thereupon appointed said Joseph Cox his successor, who executed the bond in suit. And it is averred that Joseph Cox collected a large amount of the said purchase money, and left the country, without having, in any manner, accounted therefor; that he was removed by the court, and said Simpson appointed his successor. Process was not served on the defendants, Cox or Payne, nor did either of them appear to the suit. The defendant, Maxedon, appeared, and moved to "strike the amended |