RULE.

Having placed units under units, tens under tens, &c. draw a line underneath, and begin with the units: After adding up every figure in that column, confider how many tens are contained in their fum, and, placing the excefs under the units, carry fo many, as you have tens,so the next column, of tens: Proceed in the fame manner hrough every column, or row, and fet down the whole amount of the last row.

PROOF.

Begin at the top of the fum, and reckon the figures lownwards, in the fame manner as they were added upwards, and, if it be right, this aggregate will be equal to ue firft. Or, cut off the upper line of figures, and find e amount of the reit; then, if the amount and upper , when added, be equal to the fum total, the work is ppofed to be right.

ADDITION and SUBTRACTION TABLE.

1/12

1 2 3 4 5 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11| 12 2 4 5 6 7 8 9|10|11|12|13114 3 5 6 7 8 91011121314151 4 6 7 8 910111213141516 _57 89101||12|13|14|15 1617 68 9101112131415161718 7 910111213|14|15|16|17|18|19| 8101112131415|16|17|18/19l20 91112131415161718-19|20|21|

|10||12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|

When you would add two numbers, look one of them the left hand column, and the other atop, and in the

B

common

common angle of meeting, or at the right hand of first, and under the fecond, you will find the fum. and 8 is 13.

|—as

When you would fubtract; Find the number. to fubtracted in the left hand column, run your eye alc to the right hand till you find the number from which is to be taken, and right over it, atop, you will find 1 difference-as, 8 taken from 13, leaves 5.

SUBTRACTION

Teaches to take a lefs number from a greater, to find a third, fhewing the inequality, excefs or difference between the given numbers; and it is both fimple and compound.

SIMPLE SUBTRACTION

Teaches to find the difference between any two num. bers, which are of a like kind.

RULE.

Place the larger number uppermoft, and the less underneath, fo that units may ftand under units, tens under tens, &c. then, drawing a line underneath, begin with the units, and fubtract the lower from the upper figure, and fet down the remainder; but if the lower figure be greater than the upper, borrow ten and fubtract the lower figure therefrom: To this difference, add the upper figure, which, being fet down, you must add one to the ten's place of the lower line, for that which you borrowed; and thus proceed through the whole.

PROOF.

In either fimple, or compound Subtraction, add the remainder and the lefs line together, whose fum, if the work be right, will be equal to the greater line :-Or, fubtract the remainder from the greater line, and the difference will be equal to the lefs.

EXAMPLES.

EXAMPLES.

L..

2. Miles. Fards.

4:

Feet.

Cot.

From 25

305 4670 58934 879647 Take 12 103 4020 6182 164348

Rem.

918764

9184

May be accounted the most serviceable Rule in Arith metick. It teaches how to increase the greater of two umbers given, as often as there are units in the lefs; performs the work of many additions in the most compendious manner; brings numbers of great denominations into fmall, as pounds into fhillings, pence, or farI things, &c. and by knowing the value of one thing, we find the value of many.

It confifts of three parts.

1. The Multiplicand, or number given to be multiplied, and commonly, the largest number.

2. The Multiplier, or number to multiply by, commonly, the leaft number.

3. The product is the refult of the work, or the an fwer to the queftion.

SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION

Is the multiplying of any two numbers together, without having regard to their fignification; as, 7 times 8is 56, &c.

45 50 55

60

54

63|

72

81

90

100 | 110 | 120

99

110 | 121 | 132

6 12 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 714 | 21 | 28 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 8|16| 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 9182736 | 45 | 54 | 63 |72 10 | 20 | 30404 50 60 | 70 | 80 | II 22 | 33 | 44 | 55 | 66 | 77 | 88 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 | 96 | 108

12

120 132 144

To learn this Table, för Multiplication: Find your multiplier in the left hand column, and your multiplicand atop, and in the common angle of meeting, or against your multiplier, along at the right hand, and under your multiplicand, you will find the product, or

anfwer.

To learn it, for Divifion: Find the divifor in the left hand column, and run your eye along the row to the right hand until you find the dividend; then, directly over the dividend atop, you will find the quotient, fhowing how often the divifor is contained in the dividend.

B2

CASE