circle measures about 34 times as much as its diameter, or more accurately in decimals, 3,4159 times. Hence to find the circumference of a circle when the diameter is known, Multiply the diameter by 34. To find the diameter when the circumference is known, Divide the circumference by 34. To find the area of a circle, Multiply the diameter into the circumference. 80. If the diameter of a wheel is 4 feet, what is its circumference? Ans. 124 feet. 81. What is the circumference of a circle, whose diameter is 147 feet? Ans. 462 feet. 82. What is the diameter of à circle, whose circumference is 462 feet? Ans. 147 feet. 83. What is the area of a circle, whose diameter is 7 feet, and its circumference 22 feet? Ans. 381 sq. feet. 84. What is the area of a circle, whose circumference is 176 rods? Ans. 2464 rods. The area of a globe, or ball, is 4 times as much as the area of a circle of the same diameter. Hence, to find the area of a globe, Multiply the whole circumference into the whole diameter. 85. What is the number of square miles on the surface of the earth, supposing its diameter 7911 miles? Ans. 7911X24863=196,612,083. To find the solid contents of a globe, or ball, 86. How many solid inches in a ball 7 inches in diame. ter? Ans. 1793. A cylinder is a round body, whose ends are circles, and which is of equal size from end to end. To find the solid contents of a cylinder, 87. There is a cylinder 10 feet long, the area of whose ends is 3 square feet; how many solid feet does it contain? Ans. 30. Solids which decrease gradually from the base till they come to a point, are called pyramids. The point at the top of a pyramid is called the vertex. A line drawn from the vertex perpendicular to the base, is called the perpendicular height of the pyramid. To find the solid contents of a pyramid, Multiply the area of the base by of the perpendicular height. 88. There is a pyramid whose height is 9 feet, and whose base is 4 feet square; what are its contents ? Ans. 48 feet. 89. There is a pyramid, whose height is 27 feet, and whose base is 7 feet in diameter; what are its solid contents? Ans. 346 feet. FORMS OF NOTES, RECEIPTS, AND ORDERS. When a man wishes to borrow money, after receiving it, he gives his promise to repay it, in such forms as those below. NOTES. No. 1. Hartford, Jan. 1, 1832. For value received, I promise to pay D. F. Robinson, or order, two hundred sixty four dollars, twenty-five cents, on demand, with interest. JOHN SMITH. No. 2. New-York, Jan. 15, 1832. For value received, I promise to pay William Dennis, or bearer, twenty dollars, sixteen cents, three months after date. GEORGE ELLIS. No. 3. Philadelphia, July 6, 1831. For value received, we, jointly, and severally, promise to pay to Henry Reddy, or order, one hundred dollars, thirteen cents, on demand, with interest. JAMES BARNES. Attest. James Cook. WILLIAM HEDGE. Remarks. 1. The sum lent, or borrowed, should be written out in words, instead of using figures. 2. When a note has the words " or order," or or bearer," it is called negociable; that is, it may be given or sold to another man, and he can collect it. If the note be written, to pay him "or order," (see No. 1,) then D. F. Robinson can endorse the note, that is, write his name on the back of it, and then sell it to any one he chooses. Whoever buys the note, demands pay from the signer, John Smith. 3. If the note be written, "or bearer," (see note 2,) then whoever holds the note can collect it of the signer. 4. When no rate of interest is mentioned, it is to be understood at the legal rate in the state where the note is given. 5. All notes are payable on demand, unless some particular time is specified. 6. All notes draw interest after the time of promised payment has elapsed, even if there is no promise of interest in the note. 7. Notes that are to be paid on demand, draw interest after a demand is made. 8. If a man promises to pay in certain other articles, instead of money, after the time of promised payment has elapsed, the creditor can claim payment in money. RECEIPTS. Hartford, June 16, 1831. Received of Mr. Julius Peck, twelve dollars, in full of all accounts. JOHN OSGOOD. Receipt for money on a note. Hartford, June 18, 1831. Received of John Goodman, (by the hand of William Smith,) twenty dollars, sixteen cents, which is endorsed on his note of July 6, 1829. Receipt for money on account. JOHN REED. Hartford, April 6, 1831. Received of Albert Jones, forty dollars, on account. PETER TRUSTY. Receipt for money for another Person. Hartford, June 1st, 1831. Received of A. B. one hundred and six dollars, for I. C. Receipt for Interest due on a Note. SAMUEL WILSON. Hartford, Aug, 1, 1832. day of Received of W. B. thirty dollars in full of one year's interest of $500, due to me on the last, on note from the said W. B. WILLIAM GRAY. Receipt for Money paid before it is due. Newport, June 1, 1829. Received of A. F. sixty dollars advanced, in full for one year's rent of my house, leased to said A. F. ending the first day of September next, 1829. JOHN GRAVES. Note. If a receipt is given in full of all accounts, it cuts off only the claims of accounts. But" in full of all demands" cuts off all claims of every kind. ORDERS. New York, June 9, 1830. Mr. John Ayers. For value received, pay to N. S. or order, fifty dollars, and place the same to my account. SOLOMON GREEN. New York, July 9, 1831. Mr. William Redfield,―Please to deliver Mr. L. D. such goods as he may call for, not exceeding the sum of one hundred dollars, and place the same to the account of your humble servant. STEPHEN BIRCH. BOOK-KEEPING. When accounts are disputed in business, it is necessary to produce the book in the courts The following is an easy and simple method of keeping accounts for farmers, mechanics, &c. |