(12) What is the use of Avoirdupois Weight? (13) Recite the table. (14) How many ounces in 4 pounds? (15) How many hundred-weight in 3 tons? (16) How many hundred-weight in 24 quarters? (17) How is Apothecaries' Weight used? (18) Recite the table. (19) How many scruples in 4 drams? (20) How many drams in 27 scruples? (21) What is the use of Dry Measure? (22) Recite the table. (23) How many pecks in 12 bushels and 2 pecks? (24) How many bushels, and how many pecks over in 35 pecks? (26) (25) What is the use of Cloth Measure? Recite the table. (27) In 5 yards how many quarters? (23) In 32 nails how many yards? How many English ells in 14 quarters ? (29) (31) (30) To what is Wine Measure applied? Recite the table. (32) In 2 gallons of vinegar how many quarts?—how many pints?how many gills? (33) In 32 gills how many gallons? (34) What is measured by Beer Measure? (35) Recite the table. (36) How many gallons are there in 6 firkins? (37) How many kilderkins in 19 firkins? (38) How many firkins in 1 barrel ? (39) What is Long Measure applied to? Recite the table. (40) (41) What number of inches are there in 1 yard? (42) How many feet in 38 inches? (43) In 6 furlongs how many miles? (44) What is the use of Square Measure? (45) Recite the table. (46) How many square feet in 4 square yards? (47) How many rods in 2 roods? (48) How many acres in 20 roods? (49) What is the use of Cubic Measure? (50) Recite the table. (51) How many cubic feet are there in 3 feet of wood? (52) In 48 feet of wood, how many cords of wood? (53) How is time naturally divided? (54) Recite the table. (55) What is a Solar year? (56 How months in a year? many (57) Recite the lines that tell the number of days in each month. M SECTION 8. REDUCTION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. Reduction is the operation of changing any quantity from its number in one denomination, to its number in another denomination. For instance, if we change an admeasurement from 2 feet to 24 inches, that is, if we find how many inches there are in 2 feet, the operation is called reduction. Again, if we change 24 inches. to 2 feet, this operation is also called reduction. In this example, we conThis example is the resider, that there are 20 verse of the first example. times as many shillings as We here consider, that ev pounds in any sum; there- ery 4 farthings make 1 penfore we multiply the 13 ny; therefore, we find by pounds by 20, and add the 8 shillings to the product. Then, since there are 12 times as many pence as there are shillings, we multiply the shillings by 12 and add the 4 pence to the product. Lastly, since there are 4 times as many farthings as pence, we multiply the pence by 4, and add 2 farthings to the product. division how many times 4 there are in the number of farthings: the quotient is pence, and the remainder is farthings. Then, since ev ery 12 pence is 1 shilling, we divide the pence by 12. the quotient is shillings, and the remainder pence Lastly, since every 20 shil lings make 1 pound, we d vide the shillings by 20. RULE FOR REDUCTION. When a greater denomination is to be reduced to a smaller, multiply the greater denomination, by that number which is required of the smaller, to make ONE of the greater; adding to the product so many of the smaller denomination as are expressed in the given sum. Perform a like operation on this product, and on each succeeding product. When a smaller denomination is to be reduced to a greater, divide the smaller denomination by that number which is required of the smaller, to make ONE of the next greater: the quotient will be of the greater denomination, and the remainder will be of the same denomination with the dividend. Perform a like operation on this quotient, and on each succeeding quotient. 3. How many farthings are there in 18s. 7d. 3qr.? 10. How many penny-weights in 9 lb. 13oz. 16dwt. ? 11. How many pounds of silver in 829 penny-weights 12. How many grains in 10oz. 19dwt. 12gr.? 13. How many pounds in 23641 grains? 1 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 14. How many pounds are there in 1 ton? 15. How many drams are there in 7 tons, 3 quarters, 27 pounds, 5 ounces, and 13 drams? 16. How many tons are there in 31122 pounds? 17. What will hundred-weight, 3 quarters, and 17 pounds of indigo cost, at $2.67 per pound? 18. A wealthy farmer wishes to put down 3T. 18cwt. 2qr. 8lb. of butter, in firkins, containing 50 pounds apiece. How many firkins will it require? APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 19. How many scruples are there in 1 pound? 20. How many pounds are there in 1395 drams? 21. In 3 93 03 19 10gr. of epecacuanha, how many doses are there; each dose containing 30gr.? 22. If it take 1 ounce of salts for a dose, what will 75 pounds amount to, at 4 cents a dose ? 23. If it take 10 grains of calomel and 1 scruple of Jalap for a dose, how many doses are there in 1lb 13 43 of such a mixture? CLOTH MEASURE. 24. How many nails are there in 1 English ell? 25 How many yards are there in 16240 nails? 26 In 320 yards, and 3 quarters, how many quarters ? How many Flemish ells? 27. How many more nails are there in 75 English ells, than there are in 93 yards? 28. A shop-keeper sold cloth enough in one day to gain £6 1s. 8d., at a profit of 2 farthings on every yard. How much did he sell? DRY MEASURE. 29. How many pints are there in 1 bushel? 30. How many pints are there in 58 bushels, 3 pecks, 7 quarts, and 1 pint? 31. How many bushels are there in 8240 quarts? 32. If 3 bushels and 2 pecks of corn will fill a barrel, what quantity of corn will 20 barrels hold? 33. Suppose it takes 3 pecks of salt to preserve a barrel of pork, how much salt would be necessary to preserve 351 barrels of pork? WINE MEASURE. 34 How many gills are there in 1 hogshead? 37. What would 2 pipes of Madeira wine amount to, at 67 cents per quart? 38. A certain toper drank 1 gill of rum every forenoon, and 1 in the afternoon, for 6 years; in consequence of which, he died. How many hogsheads did he drink? BEER MEASURE. 39. In 2 barrels and 1 firkin, how many pints? 41. How many bottles, holding 6 gills apiece, will be required, to bottle 6 barrels of porter? 42. A man retailed 4 barrels of ale, and received for it $69.12. At what price did he sell it a pint? 43. Suppose a retailer to sell 3 quarts of porter every day for 1 year, excepting 52 Sabbaths, how many oarre's would he sell in the year? LONG MEASURE. 44. In 35 yards, 2 feet, 10 inches, how many inches? 45. In 29578 barley-corns, how many yards? 46. In 16 leagues and 2 miles, how many rods? 47. How many geographical miles would a ship sail, in going round the globe? 48. In 2541 inches of wire, how many yards? 49. Suppose 7 inches of wire to make 1 link of a chain, and 4 links to measure 1 foot; how many yards of wire would make a chain 8 feet long? SQUARE MEASURE. To find the number of square inches, feet, or rods, in any surface which has four sides, and four equal angles, [corners,] multiply the length and breadth together. 50. How many square inches are there in a slate,' that is 13 inches long, and 8 inches wide? 51. How many square rods are there in a field 28 rods long, and 16 rods wide? How many acres? 52. How many square yards of carpeting will cover a floor 36 feet long, and 18 feet wide? M* |