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CUBIC MEASURE.

23. How much hewn timber is 7T. 45ft. 1712in, ST. 39ft. 1698 in., and 10T. 29ft. 800 in.?

24. How many cords of wood are 9C. 7ft.w. 15c.ft, 4C. 6ft. w. 12c.ft., and 14C. 7ft.w. 11c.ft.?

TIME.

25. Add together 2Y. 250d. 18h. 51m. 15s., .8d. 7h. Om. 55s., and 240d. Oh. 37m. 29s.

1Y

26 Add together 4Y. 141d. 10h. Om. 5s., 12Y. 194d. 20h. 49m., and 2Y. 280d. Oh. 55m. 38s.

SECTION 10.

COMPOUND SUBTRACTION.

ENGLISH MONEY.

1. An English merchant gave £9176 16s. 8d. 1qr. for a ship's cargo, and then sold the same cargo for £9607 4s. 5d. 3qr. How much did he gain?

£ s. d. qr. 9607 4 5 3 9176 16 8 1

430 79 2

To subtract the Sd., we unite 1 of the 4s. with the 5d., making 17d., and take 8 from 17. Then, having used 1 of the 4s., we unite £1 with 3s., making 23s., and take 16 from 23.

RULE FOR COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. Write the several denominations of the smaller quantity under the same denominations of the greater quantity: then, begin with the lowest denomination, and perform subtraction on each denomination separately. Whenever a number expressing a denomination in the upper line is smaller than the number under it, increase the upper number by as many as make 1 of the next higher denomination, and consider the number of the next higher denomination in the upper line, to be 1 less than it stands.

2. Subtract £4 11s. 6d. from £61 14s. 5d.

3. If an English servant receive £1 per month, and vend 13s. 4d. 3qr. per month, what does he lay up? 4. Subtract £75 18s. 7d. 1gr. from £856 14s. 9d.

TROY WEIGHT.

5. Subtract 1lb.0 oz. 19dwt. from 2 lb. 11oz 9dwt 6. A silver-smith having 4 lb. 3oz. of silver, worked ap 11oz 14dwt. of it. How much had he left?

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

7. From 8T. 12cwt. 1qr. 17 lb. take 7cwt. 3qr. 2 lb. 8. A farmer laid in 68T. of hay, and used 55T 14cwt. in wintering his stock. How much had he left? APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.

9. From 1 83 53 take 73 73 29 16gr. 10. A mixture weighing 33 29, contains 8 of jalap, and the rest is rhubarb. How much rhubarb ?

CLOTH MEASURE.

11. Subtract 3qr. 2na. from 46yd. 1qr. Ina. 12. If 7yd. 2qr. 2na. be cut from a piece of cloth containing 46yd. 1gr. 3na., how much will be left?

DRY MEASURE.

13. Subtract 4bu. 1pk. 7qt. 1pt. from 87bu. 14. A farmer raised 100bu. of corn, and sold 46bu 3pk. of it. How much had he remaining?

WINE MEASURE.

15. From 2hhd. 15gal. take 1hhd. 20gal. 3qt. 16. If from a tierce of molasses 7gal. 2qt. 1pt. leak out, how much will remain in the tierce?

BEER MEASURE.

17. From 4bl. 1kil. 1fir. take 1fir. 7gal. 3qt. 18. A brewer having 26bl. Ikil. of beer, sold 12bl Okil. 1fir. How much had he remaining?

LONG MEASURE.

19. Subtract 4yd. 2ft. 9in. from 5yd. 1ft. 10in. 20. John rode 16m. 5fur., and Henry rode 20m. 1fur. 8rd. How much further did H. ride, than J.?

SQUARE MEASURE.

21. A farmer owning 94A. of land, sold off a piece, 48 rods long, and 20 rods wide. How many acres had he remaining? (See Square Measure, page 137.)

CUBIC MEASURE.

22. I a piece of timber 9 feet long, 2 feet wide, and I foot thick, be taken from 2T. 14ft. of hewn timber, how much will be left? (See page 138.)

TIME.

23. Subtract 3Y. 45d. 6h. 50m. from 5Y. 14d. 12b. 24. A ship went to India and returned, in 321d. 7h. How much less than a year was she in the voyage?

SECTION 11.

COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION.

ENGLISH MONEY.

What is the value of 8 yards of English broad cloth, at £2 Os 5d. 3qr. per yard?

[blocks in formation]

RULE FOR COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION. Begin with the lowest denomination, and multiply each denomination separately; divide each product by the number which is required of its own denomination to make 1 of the next higher; write the remainder under the denomination multiplied, and carry the quotient to the product of the next higher denomination.

2. Multiply £529 13s. 10d. 3qr. by 5.

3. What is the value of 7 tons of hemp, at £50 18s. 10d. per ton.

4. Multiply £7529 18s. Od. 1qr. by 6.

5. Multiply £250 16s. 11d. by 24.

In examples like this, it is most convenient to multi

ply by factors of the multiplier.

6. Multiply £57 8s. 10d. 2qr. by 45.

7. What cost 34 cows, at £3 9s. 6d. apiece?

Here find the price of 32 cows by the factors of 32,

and to the product add the price of 2 cows.

8. Multiply £1746 14s. 10d. 2qr. by 46:

9. What is the value of 29 yards of Irish linen, a 7s 9d. 2qr. per yard.

10. Multiply 18s. 4d. by S3

TROY WEIGHT.

11. Multiply 14lb. 0 oz. 8dwt. 11gr. by 7. 12. What is the weight of 11 Federal dollars, the weight of 1 dollar being 17dwt. 8gr. ?

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

13. Multiply 7T. 12cwt. 1qr. 14lb. by 8. 14. What is the weight of 25 hogsheads of fish; each hogshead containing 5cwt. 3qr. 15lb.?

CLOTH MEASURE.

15. Multiply 29yd. 2qt. 3na. by 9.

16. How many yards of broad-cloth are there in 35 pieces; each piece containing 47yd. 1qr. 2na?

DRY MEASURE.

17. Multiply 33bu. 3pk. 6qt. 1pt. by 5.

18. How many bushels of corn are there in 18 bags' each bag containing 2bu. 2pk. 5qt. 1pt.?

WINE MEASURE.

19. Multiply 1p. 1hhd. 52gal. 2qt. 1pt. by 4. 20. How many hogsheads of wine are there in 13 casks; each cask containing 49gal. 3qt.?

BEER MEASURE.

21. Multiply 6bl. 1kil. Ofir. 6gal. 2чt. 1pt. by 7. 22. If 1 man drink 2gal. 3qt. Ipt. of beer in a week, how much will 38 men drink in a week?

LONG MEASURE.

23. Multiply 5lea. 2m. 6fur. 36rd. by 8.

24. If a man travel 55m. 5fur. 17rd. a day, for 18 days, how many miles will he have travelled.

SQUARE MEASURE.

25. Multiply 36A. 3R. 27rd. by 6.

26. How many square yards are there in 14 rolls of carpeting; each roll containing 52yd. 3qr.

CUBIC MEASURE.

27. Multiply IT. 34ft. 1200 in. of round timber by 3 28. There are 4 piles of wood: each containing 30 6ft. w. 12c.ft. How much wood is there in all.

TIME.

29. Multiply 4Y. 255d. 16h. by 9.

30. If a ship alter her latitude I degree in sailing 16h 40, in what time will she alter it 15 degrees?

SECTION 12.

COMPOUND DIVISION.

1. If £2047 13s. 9d. be divided equally among men, how much will each man receive?

£

S. d. 6,2047 13 9

341 5 7 2qr.

We divide the pounds, and there remains £1. This £1 we reduce to shillings, and unite it with the 13s. making 33s. We divide the 33s., reduce the remainder to pence, and proceed as before.

2. If 19s. 11d. 3qr. be divided equally among 3 men, how much will each man receive?

3

Divide £16 14s. 10d. 3qr. equally among 5 men. 4. Divide £3 Os. 8d. equally among 7 men. 5. Divide £59 18s. 4d. equally among 25 men.

£ S. d. £ s. d. 25)59 18 4 (2 7 11 50

9

20

25)198(7s. 175

23

12

25)280(11d.

25

30

25

5d. remaining.

This operation is in long division. We first divide the pounds: the quotient is £2, and the remainder, £9 We then reduce the £9 to shillings, adding in the 18s., and divide this sum [198s.] as before: the quotient is 7s. and the remainder, 23s. We then reduce the 23s. to pence, adding in the 4d., and divide this sum as before. 5d. remain undivided. Observe, that, in every instance, the quotient and remainder are of the same denomination with the dividend.

RULE FOR COMPOUND DIVISION. Divide each denomination separately, beginning with the highest. Whenever a remainder occurs, reduce it to the next lower denomination, add it to the number expressed in the Lower denomination, and divide it therewith.

N

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