CHAP. II. ADDITION. SECTION 1. 1. What is the whole sum of 6312 dollars, 8032 dollars, 501 dollars, and 7123 dollars? Thousands Tens Units 2 8032 501 7123 21968 We first write the numbers under one may stand in a We then add another, so that all the units Find the sum of the numbers in each of the following examples, by addition upon the slate. 1. Add the following numbers into one sum. and 216 and 8329 and 1212. 4639 Finding the sum of the units to be 25, or 2 tens and 5 units, we write only the 5 units, and presently add the 2 tens in with the column of tens. In adding the hundreds, we find their sum to be 13. Now if we should write down 13, the 3 would stand under the column of hundreds, and the 1, under the column of thousands; therefore we write the 3 only, and presently add the 1 in with the thousands. In the following examples, observe, that when the sum of any column amounts to more than 9, you must set down only the right hand figure of it, and, must add the left hand figure to the next column. RULE FOR ADDITION. Write the numbers, units under units, tens under tens, &c. Add each column separately, beginning with the column of units. When the sum of any column is not more than 9, write it under the column when the sum is more than 9, write only the units' figure under the column, and carry the number of tens to the next column. Finally, write down the whole sum of the left hand column. 6. Add together the numbers, 143 and 8 and 56 and 7. 7. Add together the numbers, 3 and 96 and 5 and 984. 8. What is the whole sum of 26, 9, 18, 153 and 728 ? 9. What is the whole sum of 8, 6, 42, 728 and 4105? 10. What is the whole sum of 44, 536, 827 and 3480 ? 11. What is the whole sum of 1118, 6004, and 84932? 12. What is the whole sum of 61297, 58 and 389163? 13. Find the sum of 423, 315, 531, 414, 612, 234, 621, 414, 711, 144, 621 and 918. 14. Find the sum of 314, 90, 246518, 7, 1101, 47, 3430, 8601520, 2004 and 5674. 15. Find the sum of 1728, 26510, 34, 100, 3261, 9, 245, 1640831, 6733 and 40000000. 16. A clerk received from one man 94 dollars, from another 361 dollars, and from another 113 dollars. What was the whole sum of money received? 17. A merchant sent to the bank at one time 301 dol lars; at another 214; at another 1109; at another 109 How much did he send in all ? 18. A certain lot of land has been divided into three farms; one of the farms contains 112 acres, another 123 acres, and the other 147 acres. How many acres were there in the original.lot? 19. If you start on a journey, and travel on Monday 42 miles, on Tuesday 57, on Wednesday 49, on Thursday 54, on Friday 63, and on Saturday 75, how far will you have travelled at the end of the week? 20. Suppose 477 dollars are in one bag, 8509 in another, 1965 in another, and 956 in another; what sum of money is there in the four bags ? 21. À merchant bought a quantity of sugar for 2075 dollars, and then sold it so as to gain 415 dollars. For how much did he sell the sugar? 22. There are four numbers, the first of which is 532, the second 895, the third 240, and the fourth as much as the other three. What is the sum of them all? 23: A broker, by selling a note for 836 dollars, lost 140 dollars. What must he have paid for the note? 24. A capitalist gave to one of his sons, 13427 dollars; to another, 13025 dollars; to another, 12947 dol lars. What did he give to all of them? 25. Sacred history shows, that the time, from the creation of the world to the Deluge, was 1656 years. thence to the building of Solomon's temple, 1344 years; thence to the birth of Christ, 1004 years. How old is the world the present year? 26. George Washington was born in the year 1732, In what year did he die? 27. Three men united in trade;- the first man had 5136 dollars, the second had 1562 dollars, and the third had 756 dollars. How much had they all? and lived to be 67 years old. 28. A trader bought four pieces of cloth: the first piece contained 86 yards; the second, 55 yards; the third, 87 yards and the fourth 91 yards. What was the cost of the whole, at 1 dollar per yard? pa 29. A gentleman purchased a farm for 8257 dollars, d 953 dollars for having it fenced, and 300 dollars for having a barn built upon it. For how much must ne sell it, in order to gain 100 dollars? 30. A drover paid 300 dollars for 100 sheep, 525 dollars for 150 sheep, and 1000 dollars for 250 sheep. How many did he buy? What did the whole cost? 31. What is the sum of two million, five hundrec thirty-one thousand, one hundred and twenty-fourteen thousand,―thirty thousand and twenty-four,-five hundred and sixty, and seven hundred and two? 32. The inhabitants of the British Islands are stated thus: England, 11 260 555; Wales, 717 103; Scotland, 2092014; Ireland, 6 846 949; Army and Navy, 310 000; Isle of Man, 40 981; Guernsey, 20 827; Jersey, 28 600; Scilly Isles, 2614. What is the whole number? 33. The inhabitants of the United States, by the census of 1840, were stated thus: Maine, 501 793; New Hampshire, 284 574; Massachusetts, 737 699; Rhode Island, 108 830; Connecticut, 309 978; Vermont, 291 948; New York, 2428 921; New Jersey, 373 306; Pennsylvania, 1724 033; Delaware, 78 085; Maryland, 470 019;' Virginia, 1 239 797; North Carolina, 753 419; South Carolina, 594 398; Georgia, 691 392; Alabama, 590 756; Mississippi, 375 651; Louisiana, 352 411; Tennessee, 829 210; Kentucky, 779 828; Ohio, 1 519 467; Indiana, 685 866; Illinois, 476 183; Missouri, 383 702; Arkansas, 97 574; Michigan, 212 267; Florida, 54 477; Wiskonsan, 30 945; lowa, 43 112; District of Columbia, 43 712. What was the whole number? Questions to be answered Orally. (1) When you have several numbers to add together, in what order do you write them? (2) Which column do you add first? (3) Do you add all other columns in the same manner that you add the first? (4) When the sum of any column is less than 10, where is it to be written? (5) When the sum of any column is more than 9, what is to be done? (6) Why do we carry as many ones to the next left hand column, as there are tens in any column that we have added (7) Recite the rule for addition. 1. Subtract 632 from 1847; that is, take 632 from 1847, and find what number remains. 1847 632 1215 We first write the smaller number unde the greater. Then, take 2 units from 7 units, 3 tens from 4 tens, 6 hundreds from, 8 hundred, and nothing from 1 thousand. Subtract the smaller number from the greater in each of the following examples. 6. A farmer having 359 sheep, sold 136 of them, and kept the remainder. How many did he keep? 7. A trader having 2748 dollars, laid out 2616 dollars for goods. How many dollars had he remaining? SECTION 2. 1. Subtract the number 1528 from the number 8473. We unite 1 of the 7 tens with the 3 units, making 13 units, and say, 8 from 13, leaves 5. Then, having used 1 of the 7 tens, we take 2 tens from 6 tens. In the same way we take 5 hundreds from 14 hundreds. 8473 1528 6945 Do not pass from the above example without understanding it. Whenever an upper figure is smaller than the figure under it, we use 1 from the next upper figure, and this 1 becomes 10 when considered with the right hand figure. Arithmeticians commonly call this process, borrowing 10; and, instead of reckoning the figure from which they have borrowed to be 1 less than it stands, they pay I to the figure under it-reckoning the lower figure to be more than it stands. I |