are covered with ruins of splendid temples and other buildings.

15. Cairo, the capital of modern Egypt, and the largest city of Africa, carries on an extensive commerce by means of caravans.

16. Alexan'dria, once a great city, distinguished as a sent of learning and commerce, and famous for its Pha'ros, or lighthouse, is now greatly reduced. It exhibits interesting remains of ancient grandeur, as Pompey's Pillar, Cleopa'tra's Needles, and the Cat'acombs.

17. Damiet'ta and Roset'ta, on two mouths of the Nile, are noted for commerce; Su'ez, for its situation on the isthmus of the same name; Girge (Gur'je), as the capital of Upper Egypt; Sye'ne, as the southern frontier town.

15. What is said of Cairo? 16. Alexandria? 17. What other towns are mentioned?

QUESTIONS ON THE MAP.

1. Through what part of Egypt does the Nile flow?

2. What towns in Egypt are on the Nile? 3. What towns on the Arabian gulf? 4. On the Mediterranean?

1. The Barbary States are Moroc'co, Algiers (Al-jeerz'), 'u'nis, and Trip'oli.

2. The most remarkable feature of this country consists of the Atlas Mountains, an elevated range, which ancient fable represented as the prop of the heavens.

3. The space between the mountains and the sea is from 50 to 200 miles wide, and has a very fertile soil.

4. The climate is temperate and pleasant, yet the country is often visited by the plague.

5. Some of the principal articles of trade are Morocco leather, ivory, ostrich feathers, and fruits.

6. The locust is a formidable insect in this country, and often appears in immense swarms, and commits the most destructive ravages.

QUESTIONS.-BARBARY STATES.

1. What are the Barbary States?

2. What is said of the Atlas Mountains?

3. What of the space

between these mountains and the sea?

4. What is the climate? 5. The articles of trade? 6. What is said of the locust?

7. The inhabitants are barbarous and rapacious, and the towns on the coast have long been noted for piracy.

8. Of the empire of Morocco, the principal towns are Morocco, the capital, once populous, now decayed; Fez, famous, formerly, as a place of Mahometan learning; Mog-adore', the principal seaport.

9. Of Algiers, the principal towns are Algiers, noted for piracy; also for being built on the side of a hill, with the houses rising in the form of an amphitheatre; Constanti'na, and Oran.

10. Tunis and Trip'oli are the capitals of the states or kingdoms of the same name.

11. Barca is mostly a desert, and is dependent on Tripoli. The chief town is Derne.

12. Of Fezzan', which lies to the south of Tripoli, the chief town is Mourzouk (moor-żook').

7. What is said of the inhabitants?

8. What are the principal towns of Morocco? 9. Of Algiers? 10. Of Tunis and Tripoli? 11. Of Barca? 12. Of Fezzan?

QUESTIONS ON THE MAP.

1. How are the Barbary States situated?

2. Which is the most westerly? 3. In what order do the others lie, beginning from Morocco?

4. What desert lies on the south? 5. Where is the Libyan desert? 6. The gulf of Sidra?

7. How is Morocco situated? 8. Derne? 9. Tunis? 10. Fez? 11. Tripoli? 12. Algiers? 13. Mogadore? 14. Constantina? 15. Mourzouk? 16. Salee'? 17. Bona? 18. Tangier' and Ceu'ta? 19. Oran? 20. Mequinez (mek'-we-nez)?

1. Western Africa comprises all the countries lying between the desert of Sahara and Benguela. Some of the principal of them are Senegam'bia, Guinea, Ashantee', Dah'omey, Benin', Biafra, Loan'go, Con'go, and Angola.

2. The largest rivers are the Senegal', Gambia, Grande, and Con'go, or Zaire.

3. The inhabitants are negroes, of different tribes, the principal of which are the Mandin'goes, Jal'offs, Foulahs (Foo'-lahs), and Feloups (Fe-loops').

4. The cruel traffic of the slave trade has long formed the most considerable branch of commerce carried on with Western Africa.

5. Some of the other principal articles besides slaves, obtained from this country, are gold, ivory, and Guinea pepper, or grains of Paradise; and from these the different

QUESTIONS.-WESTERN AFRICA.

1. What does Western Africa comprise?

2. What are the largest rivers?

3. Of what do the inhabitants consist?

4. What is the com

merce? 5. What other articles are obtained?

parts of the coast of Guinea were called the Gold, Ivory, and Grain coasts.

6. In Sierra Le-o'ne is an English settlement, formed with a view to colonize free negroes, and to promote the civilization of Africa.

7. Liberia, near Cape Mesura'do, is the name of a similar settlement, formed by the American Colonization Society.

SOUTHERN AFRICA.

1. Southern Africa is called Caffra'ria, and is inhabited by various savage tribes, the principal of which are Caffres (kaf-furs) and Hot'tentots.

2. Two of the largest towns of the natives are Latakoo' and Kur-re-chane'.

3. At the southern extremity of Africa is a considerable English colony, called the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. 4. Cape Town, the capital, is important chiefly as a place of refreshment to ships employed in the East India trade.

6. For what purposes was the English settlement in Sierra Leone formed? 7. What is said of Liberia ?

QUESTIONS ON THE MAP.

1. Where is the Senegal? 2. The Gambia? 3. The Grande ? 4. The Mesurado? 5. The Congo? 6. The Coango? 7. Which of the countries of Western Africa lie south of the Equator? 8. Which north?

9. Where is Senegambia? 10. Sierra Leone? 11. Benin? 12. Liberia? 13. Cabenda?

14. Where are the Ivory, Gold, and Grain coasts? 15. Ashantee?

QUESTIONS.-SOUTHERN AFRICA.

1. What is Southern Africa called, and by whom inhabited? 2. What are two of the largest towns of the natives?

3. What English colony is there in the south of Africa? 4. For what is Cape Town chiefly important?

QUESTIONS ON THE MAP.

1. What bays are there near the south end of Africa?

2. What is the principal river of Caffraria?

3. How is Cape Town situated? 4. Latakoo? 5. Kurrechane?