America.-11. The Protestant religion prevails in the United States, and in the British Provinces, with the excep tion of the French inhabitants of Canada, who are Catholics. 12. The Catholic religion prevails in Mexico, Guatimala, and the States of South America.

13. The Independent Indians or Aborigines of America, like all other savages, in all parts of the globe, are Pagans.

14. The most enlightened nations are Christian nations. 15. The Mahometan nations are partially civilized; so also are the most numerous Pagan nations of Asia, as the Hindoos, Chinese, and Japanese.

16. The other Pagan nations, throughout the world, are in either a savage or barbarous state.

GOVERNMENT.-17. In Europe, constitutional or limited monarchy is the government of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Hanover, Saxony, Wurtemberg, Bavaria, and Portugal.

18. A despotic form of government, or one nearly or quite absolute, is found in Russia, Denmark, Prussia, Austria, Spain, the kingdom of Sardinia, the Popedom, the Two Sicilies, and Turkey.

19. Of the European monarchical governments, the freest is that of Great Britain, and the most despotic, those of Turkey and Russia.

20. Despotism is the prevailing form of government throughout most of Asia and Africa.

21. In America, a republican government is found in the United States, and has been recently instituted in Mexico, Guatimala, and the South American States, with the exception of Brazil.

11. In what parts of America does Protestantism prevail? 12. In what parts the Catholic religion?

13. What are the Independent Indians?

14. Of what religion are the most enlightened nations?

15. What is said of the Mahometan, and some Asiatic Pagan nations? 16. What of other Pagan nations?

Government.-17. In what countries of Europe does consti tutional monarchy prevail?

18. In what countries despotic government?

19. Which of the European monarchies is the freest, and which the most despotic?

20. What is the prevailing government in Asia and Africa? 21. In what parts of America is a republican government found?

THE HUMAN SPY CIES.-22. Naturalists divide the human species, with regard to complexion, into five or six varieties; the white, including such as are light brown; the tawny or olive-coloured; the copper-coloured; the dark brown and almost black, and the black.

23. The white race includes Europeans, Turks, Circassians, Arabians, Persians, and Hindoos.

24. The tawny or olive-coloured race includes the Tartars, Mongols, Chinese, and other eastern nations of Asia.

25. The American Indians are copper-coloured; the Malays, the inhabitants of Australia, and the Hottentots are dark brown or blackish; the black race comprises the Negroes of Africa.

LANGUAGES.-26. Upwards of 3,000 different languages and dialects are known to be spoken on the globe.

27. The most polite and cultivated languages of Europe, are the Italian, French, Spanish, English, and German; and in Asia, the Arabic, Persian, and Sanscrit.

28. The languages most extensively spoken in Europe: are divided into three classes; 1st, those derived from the Latin, viz. the Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese ; 2dly, the Teutonic languages, including the English, German, Swedish, &c.; 3dly, the Sclavonian languages, viz. the Russian, Polish, &c.

29. The Arabic is the religious language of all Mahometan countries.

30. The Chinese language is probably spoken by a greater number of people than any other.

31. Europe is the most powerful, most civilized, and best

The Human Species.-22. Into how many varieties do naturalists divide the human species?

23. What does the white race include? 24. The tawny or olivecoloured race?

25. What people constitute the other varieties?

Languages.-26. How many languages are known to be spoken on the globe?

27 What are the most polite languages of Europe?

28. What languages are most extensively spoken in Europe? 29. What is the religious language of Mahometan countries? 30. What language is spoken by the greatest number of people? 31. What is said of Europe and Africa?

known quarter of the globe; Africa is the weakest, most barbarous, and least known.

32. The most enlightened nations of Europe are the English, Scotch, French, Germans, and Dutch; the most illiterate, the Laplanders, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, and Turks.

33. The most distinguished and enlightened countries of antiquity, Egypt, Palestine, Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy, are of but little note or influence in modern times.

34. In all periods of the world, those countries which have been distinguished for civilization, literature, and the arts, have been found in the northern temperate zone.

35. Russia is the most extensive empire on the globe, and China the most populous.

36. Russia has the greatest land army, and England the most powerful navy.

37. England has the most commerce, the greatest revenue, the most important colonial possessions, and the largest public debt.

38. Next after England, the most commercial countries are the United States and the Netherlands.

39. The parts of the world which most abound in gold and silver, are Mexico and South America.

40. The most mountainous countries of Europe are Switzerland and Norway; and the most level ones, Russia, Poland, Denmark, Prussia, and the Netherlands.

41. The most mountainous parts of Asia are Thibet and Central Asia.

32. What are the most enlightened, and the most illiterate nations of Europe?

33. What is the present state of those countries which were anciently most enlightened?

34. In what zone have the countries most distinguished for civilization always been found?

35. What is said of Russia and China? 36. What of Russia and England?

37. In what other respects does England surpass all other countries? 38. What countries rank next after England, with respect to com

merce ?

39. What parts of the world most abound in gold and silver? 40. Which are the most mountainous, and which the most level countries of Europe?

41 What parts of Asia are most mountainous è

42. The most mountainous countries of America are those which lie towards the western side.

43. The largest fresh water lakes on the globe are in North America.

44. Those lakes which communicate with the sea or other bodies of water, by means of rivers, are fresh; those which have no such communication, or no visible outlet, are salt.

45. Lakes which have no communication with the sea, and whose waters are salt, are found in Mexico, South America, Africa, and particularly in Central Asia, Persia, and Turkey.

46. Some of the most famous of these salt lakes, or inland seas, are the Caspian Sea, the Sea of Aral, and the Dead Sea.

42. Where are the mountainous countries of America?

43. Where are the largest fresh water lakes found? 44. What lakes are fresh, and what ones are salt?

45. Where are salt lakes found?

46. What are some of the most famous?

147

TABLES.

EXERCISES ON THE TABLES OF THE HEIGHTS OF MounTAINS, AND LENGTHS OF RIVERS, AND ON THE STATISTICAL SUMMARIES, IN THE ATLAS.

These Tables are formed on a graduated scale, and present comparative views of the matters which they contain. This form will render their use easy, both to the instructer and the pupil.

A few questions are here introduced, in order to facilitate the use of the Tables; but it is not expected that the teacher will limit himself to these questions, but will exercise his pupils as much further as he shall think proper.

COMPARATIVE HEIGHTS OF MOUNTAINS.—No. 11. This Table exhibits a view of elevation above the level of the sea of some of the highest and the most remarkable summits on the globe, of which the heights have been ascertained.

1. What mountains appear, by the Table, to be the highest in Asia? 2. In America? 3. In Europe? 4. In Africa?

5. Which the highest on the globe?

6. What is the height of the Himmaleh Mountains? 7. Chimborazo ? 8. Cotopaxi? 9. Mont Blanc ? 10. Mont Per

du? 11. Etna?

12. Which is the higher, the city of Mexico or the White Mountains?

13. Which is the highest, the city of Quito, or the summits of the Apennines, Carpathian, and Dofrefield Mountains?

COMPARATIVE LENGTHS OF RIVERS.-No. 12.

The lengths of the longest rivers are not so accurately ascertained, as the elevations of the highest mountains. Á great diversity is found in the statements which have been given by different persons. This diversity is, in a great measure, owing to the different principles upon which the estimates have been formed; some expressing the lengths of the rivers according to the winding of their courses, others giving only the lengths of the valleys through which they flow.