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83. Feb. 14, 1879, Samuel Farwell bought the following items of H. J. Thompson & Co.: 9 pounds of paint at 12 cents a pound; 10 rolls of paper at 20 cents a roll; 28 rolls at 8 cents a roll; 44 rolls at 10 cents a roll; 4 rolls at 25 cents a roll; 34 yards of border at 6 cents a yard; 58 yards at 2 cents a yard; 66 yards at 1 cent a yard. March 7, 1879, Mr. Farwell returned 3 rolls of paper at 8 cents a roll, 5 rolls at 10 cents a roll, 5 yards of border at 6 cents a yard. Make out Mr. Farwell's account.

84. July 2, 1878, James Fox bought of M. J. Hopkins 8 tons of furnace coal at $5.25 a ton; 6 tons of stove coal at $5.50 a ton; cord of pine wood at $6.50 a cord; cord of hard wood at $8.50 a cord. Mr. H. also charged Mr. F. $0.25 a ton for putting the coal into the cellar. Make out Mr. F.'s bill.

85. Sept. 27, 1878, William Malloy bought of Stephen Leavitt 10 pounds of Paris white at 5 cents a pound; 2 pounds of glue at 25 cents a pound; 1 whitewash brush for $5; 12 pounds of tenpenny nails at 5 cents a pound; 5 pounds of eight penny finishing nails at 5 cents a pound; 3 dozen screws at 7 cents a dozen; 3 pair of brass butts at 20 cents a pair; 16 yards of border at 12 cents a yard; gallon of spirits at 50 cents a gallon; 12 pounds of Beymer lead at 112 cents a pound. Mr. Leavitt afterward deducted 2 cents a yard on the border. Prepare this bill for settlement.

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166. Give the table of United States Money. 167. What is the unit? What are cents and mills? What do figures at the right of mills represent? How are eagles read? How are dimes read? 168. What is Reduction? 169. How are dollars reduced to cents? How to mills? 170. How are cents reduced to dollars? How are mills reduced to dollars? 172. Instead of multiplying by a decimal, what other method is sometimes easier? When is it easier? Name some of the parts of a dollar given in the Table. 173. What is Price? Cost? 176. What is a Bill of Goods? 177. What is a Debtor? A Creditor? 178. When and how is a bill receipted?

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

*

180. The Decimal System of Weights and Measures is often called the Metric System from its linear unit, the Meter. It is used in France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Mexico, Brazil, and most

of the other States of South America, and in most of these countries its use is compulsory. In Great Britain and the United States its use is legalized.

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10 hektometers

10

6

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CENTIMETERS

1 DECIMETER

= 10 CENTIMETERS 100 MILLIMETERS.

=

1 hektometer (Hm).

1 kilometer (Km). 182. The standard unit of linear measure is the meter, which is one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the pole, measured on the meridian. Measures below the meter are generally written and read as centimeters.

183. Like the eagle and dime in United States Money, the terms dekameter and decimeter are not much used. Thus, 37.48 m is 37, and 48 hundredths meters, or 37 meters 48 centimeters.

* Pronounced mět-ric; and meter, mee-ter. All the metric names are accented on the first syllable. For equivalents in the old system of weights and measures, see pages 156-7.

184. The names of the divisions of the unit are formed by prefixing to the unit of the table milli for 0.001, centi for 0.01, deci for 0.1 of the unit; and the multiples by prefixing deka for 10, hekto for 100, kilo for 1000, myria for 10000 units of the table.

185. Deci, centi, milli, correspond to dimes, cents, mills, in United States Money.

186. Any one of the denominations of the table can be taken as the unit. Thus, 5.756 Km is 5, and 756 thousandths kilometers; 25.5 mm is 25, and 5 tenths millimeters. 187. Read the following metric quantities.

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18. 14, and 5 hundredths meters.

19. 73 meters and 7 millimeters.
20. 184 meters and 87 centimeters.
21. 718 kilometers and 4 millimeters.

22. 84, and 7 hundredths kilometers.

23. 217, and 15 thousandths meters.

24. 3527 meters and 15 millimeters as kilometers and decimals. 25. 4 7 E

Km

Hm 8m 4 mm as hektometers and decimals.

189. To reduce a higher denomination to a lower, or a lower to a higher,

Rule.

Move the decimal point one, two, three, or more places to the right, or left, as the case may require.

190. Oral Exercises.

26. Reduce 37 meters to millimeters.

Solution. As 1000 millimeters

=

1 meter, to reduce meters to milli

meters we must move the decimal point three places to the right BH 37000mm, Ans.

(Art. 63); that is, 37

27. Reduce 25700 meters to kilometers.

28. Reduce 18.7 Km to meters; to millimeters.

29. Reduce 2750 mm to meters.

30. Reduce 1856 Hm to centimeters.

Ans. 25.7 Km.

31. Reduce 1756 mm to centimeters; to meters; to kilometers. 32. Reduce 6278.5m to centimeters; to kilometers; to millimeters.

33. How many meters will a hoop 3 m in circumference pass over in 12 revolutions on the ground?

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41. From 18 Km take 18 m.

42. From 217 cm take 1.13 m.

43. The lengths of the principal buildings at the Centennial Exhibition were as follows: Main Building, 426.72 m; Machinery Hall, 426.72m; Agricultural Hall, 249.936m; Horticultural Hall, 116.738; Art Gallery, 111.25 m. How far would these buildings have extended if placed end to end?

44. How long would it take a man to walk the length of the buildings placed as named above, if he walked 5.2 Km an hour? 45. If a wheel is 6.3m in circumference, how many times must it turn in going 173.88 Km Į

46. How many kilometers will a man walk in 18 days, if he walks 8 hours each day and 4.8 an hour?

Km

192. SQUARE MEASURE.

The units of this table are obtained by squaring (taking twice as a factor) the units of the table of Linear Measure.

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193. The hektar, ar, and centar are used only in land measure. The hektar, the unit for land measure, is a square whose side is a hektometer; hence it is equal to 10000 square meters.

194. Since the scale in square measure is 100 (10 × 10), there will be two places for each denomination. Thus, 25

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