LESSON LXIV. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. The Denominations are, the Pound, Ounce, Dram, Scruple, and Grain. 20 grains (gr.) make 3 scruples 8 drams 12 ounces 1 scruple, marked sc. or . 66 1 dram, 66 dr. or 3. Apothecaries' weight is used in mixing medicines. But medicines are always bought and sold by avoirdupois weight. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. The Denominations are, the Ton, Hundred, Quarter, Pound, Ounce, and Dram. 16 drams (dr.) make 1 ounce, marked oz. 66 16 ounces 1 pound, 66 lb. Avoirdupois weight is used for all the ordinary purposes of weighing. NOTE.-The long or gross ton, in which the quarter becomes 28 pounds, the hundred weight 112 pounds, and the ton 2240 pounds, is now seldom used except in estimating English goods, at the U. S. custom-houses, in freighting and wholesaling coal from the Pennsylvania mines, and in the wholesale iron and plaster trade. The following denominations are also in use: 56 pounds make 1 firkin of butter. LESSON XLV. LIQUID MEASURE. The Denominations are, the Hogshead, Barrel, Gallon, Quart, Pint, and Gill. Liquid Measure is used in measuring liquids; as, liquors, molasses, water, etc. NOTE. The tierce, hogshead, pipe, butt, and tun, are the names of casks, and do not express any fixed or definite measures. Ale or Beer Measure, formerly used in measuring beer, ale, and milk, is not a standard measure, and is almost entirely out of use. NOTE.-When this Measure is used, The Denominations are, the Chaldron, Bushel, Peck, The Denominations are the Mile, Furlong, Rod, Yard, Foot, and Inch. Long Measure is used in measuring lines or distances. LESSON LXVI. NOTE.-Long Measure is used to measure cloth, and other goods sold by the yard, the yard being divided into halves, fourths, eighths, and sixteenths. The old table of Cloth Measure is practically out of use. The following denominations are also in use: 360 degrees } 1 geographical mile. 1 degree, ແ L. deg. or °. make a great circle of the earth. SQUARE MEASURE. The Denominations are, the Square Mile, Acre, Rood, Square Rod, Square Foot, and Square Inch. Square Measure is used in measuring surfaces; as, land, boards, plastering, paving, etc. SURVEYORS' SQUARE MEASURE. The Denominations are, the Township, Square Mile, Acre, Square Chain, Square Pole, and Square Link. 625 square links, (sq.1.) make 1 pole, marked P. 16 poles 66 1 sq. chain, " sq. ch. 1 acre, A. 640 acres 66 1 sq. mile, " sq. mi. 1 township," T. Surveyors' Measure is used by surveyors, in computing the area or contents of lands. LESSON LXVII. CUBIC MEASURE. The Denominations are, the Cord, Cord Foot, Perch, Ton, Cubic Yard, Cubic Foot, and Cubic Inch. 1728 cubic in. (cu. in.) make 1 cu. foot, mk'd cu. ft. 27 cubic feet 66 66 1 cu. yard, cu. yd. 1 1 ton or load," T. make 1 perch of stone, Pch. 66 1 cord foot, mk'd c. ft. Cubic Measure is used for measuring solids; as, timber, wood, stone, etc. NOTE.-A pile of wood 8 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 4 ft. high, contains 1 cord. MEASURE OF TIME. The Denominations are, the Century, Year, Month, Week, Day, Hour, Minute, and Second. Time is the measure of duration, and is used to measure the exact periods in which events occur. The following table gives the names of the 12 calendar months, in their order, and the number of days in each. 1. January has 31 days. 7. July 2. February" 28 days. 8. August 3. March 4. April 5. May has 31 days. "31 days. 31 days. 9. September" 30 days. LESSON LXVIII. CIRCULAR MEASURE. The Denominations are the Circle, Sign, Degree, Minute, 1 sign, 12 signs,or 360 deg." the circle of the Zodiac, C. Circular Measure is applied to the measurement of circles and angles, and is used by surveyors, navigators, astronomers, etc., in making their calculations. MISCELLANEOUS TABLES. COUNTING. The Denominations are, the Hundred, Score, Great The Denominations are, the Bale, Bundle, Ream, Quire, and Sheet. 24 sheets of paper 20 quires of paper 2 reams 1 bundle. 5 bundles 66 1 bale BOOKS. The Denominations are, Folio, Quarto, Octavo, Duodecimo, etc. A sheet folded in 2 leaves is called a Folio. an Octavo, or 8vo. a Duodecimo, |