give his 19. James has 135 marbles and wishes to brother of them. How many should he give him? 20. John wanted a sled costing $3.75. His father said, "If you will save up of the money, I will give you the rest." How much must he save? THE REMAINDER IN DIVISION EXPRESSED 1. If you wish to divide 5 apples equally between two boys, you know that you can give each boy two apples and have one left. To divide the one left, each will get of an apple. This is written: 2)5 The 1 remaining is written over 2, the divisor. 2. John has 15 in. of wire that he wishes to divide into 4 equal pieces. How long will each piece be? 4)15 321 You know that 15 divided by 4 gives 3 and a remainder of 3. An inch divided into 4 equal parts would give 1 of an inch. And 3 inches would give of an inch. This is the same as writing the remainder over the divisor. When the quotient is expressed as a whole number and a fraction, instead of a remainder, the result is called the exact quotient. 21. You have learned that to find 3 of 125 means that you are to divide 125 by 5 and then multiply the quotient by 3; but the result is the same if you first multiply by 3 and then divide the product by 5. Find 3 of 125 each way. 22. Find 2 of 165. 165 3 4)495 1233 To avoid fractions until the final result is found, the multiplication is always performed first in practical work. When finding a part of a number, the term above the line in a fraction is always the multiplier; and the term below the line is always the divisor. 23. Find the cost of a fowl weighing 52 lb. at 45¢ per lb. 45¢ 4)135 333 (cost of 2 lb.) 225 (cost of 5 lb.) $2.583 The cost of of a pound is 2 of 45¢, or 333. The cost of 5 pounds is 5 × 45¢, or $2.25. The sum is $2.583, so the purchaser will have to pay $2.59. MEAT PURCHASES FROM YOUR HOME MARKET 55 24. Find the cost of a roast of pork weighing 63 lb. at 38¢ per lb. 25. Mary's mother bought 63 yd. of ribbon to make her some hair ribbons and a sash. Find the cost at 48¢ per yd. 26. Alice went shopping for her mother. She bought 3 lb. of beans at 12¢ per lb.; lb. of cheese at 28¢ per lb.; and 13 lb. of butter at 64¢ per lb. Find the total amount of the purchase. 27. Jane's older sister went to buy material for a dress. She found that if she bought material 1 yd. wide, it would take 71 yd. worth $1.34 per yd. But if she got material 52 in. wide, she would need but 5 yd. worth $1.76 per yd. Which will cost less and how much? 1. Find the cost of a rib roast weighing 6 lb. 2. Find the cost of 23 lb. of round steak. 3. How much will a 53-pound leg of lamb cost? 4. Find the cost of a loin roast of pork weighing 43 lb. 5. How much will 35 lb. of pork chops cost? 6. Find the cost of 27 lb. of lamb chops. 7. A loin roast of lamb weighing 53 lb. will cost how much? 8. Find the difference in cost between a rib roast of beef weighing 63 lb. and a leg of lamb weighing 53 lb. 9. Find the cost of a 5-pound loin of pork and 21 lb. of sausage. 10. Find the cost of 23 lb. of porterhouse steak and 17 lb. of lamb chops. ADDING FRACTIONS 1. Lucy's mother used 2 dozen eggs one week and 11 dozen the next week. How many dozen did she use in the two weeks? 212 112 4 Think, “1⁄2 dozen and 1⁄2 dozen are 2 of a dozen. But make a whole dozen. The 1 to carry added to the 2 and 1 make 4." 2. In making candy for a party, Gertrude used 5 cups of granulated sugar and 3 cups of brown sugar. How much sugar did she use in all? 3. In making ice cream, Dorothy used 3 pt. of cream and 1 pt. of milk. Together, how many pints of milk and cream did she use? 4. For a party Bernice made 2 lb. of fudge and 21 lb. of nut-brittle. How many pounds of candy did she make in all? 5. Four girls made candy for a picnic. Nell made 21 lb., Mary made 21 lb., Dorothy made 3 lb., and Helen made 1 lb. In all, how many pounds did they make? 212 212 3 11/2 912 Think," + = 1." Then think, " 1 + 1 = 11⁄2" Write . Carry 1. IMPROPER FRACTIONS AND MIXED NUMBERS 57 6. One week Frank's mother bought 2 dozen rolls on Tuesday, 1 dozen on Thursday, and 2 dozen on Saturday. Find how many dozen she bought in all. Find the cost at 18¢ per dozen. 7. In making fruit punch for a party, Marion used 2 pt. of lemon juice, 1 pt. of orange juice, pt. of pineapple juice, and 8 pt. of water. How many pints did she have in all? 8. James kept some hens and sold eggs. On Monday he sold 2 dozen; on Wednesday, 11⁄2 dozen; and on Saturday, 3 dozen. At 54¢ per dozen, how much did he get for them? IMPROPER FRACTIONS AND MIXED NUMBERS When you add + you get 2. But 2 halves of anything make the whole of it. So of a yard is not a part of a yard but 1 whole yard. Also, when you add yd. + yd. + 1⁄2 yd. you get å yd. You cannot get å yd. out of a yard, but it will take 1 whole yard and of another to make yd. Such fractional forms whose upper terms are equal to or greater than the lower terms are called improper fractions. Such fractions as 4, 1, 3, 4, & are improper fractions. 6 |