lines of this description which may be drawn are equal to another, simply, a plane, is a surface in which a straight line can anywhere be whatever may be the difference between them. Hence it is that many drawn. This shows that every place in the Elements is considered an eminent geometer both in ancient and modern times, has studied to be of indefinite extent, unless otherwise expressed. geometry and made both progress and discoveries in this science, With regard to the first definition.—viz., that of a point,—we who never had a pair of compasses in his hand, and never made a | circle, even approximately true, in his life. Attempts have, in fact, once had a student of rather a sharp and intelligent turn of mind, who when he read under our instructions, the statement that “a been made in our times to write a treatise on geometry without ! any diagrams; thus throwing the mind of the reader, and the point is that which hath no parts," for this was all the explanation force of the arguments, entirely on the conceptions which can be of a point that was in the edition put into his hands, declared formed and retained from the definitions alone. This, of course, better foundation than this, at its commencement, he for his part it was complete nonsense, and said that if Geometry had no is carrying the purity of geometrical reasoning rather far, inasmuch | as it gives an unnecessary strain to the intellect, and throws the from that day to this, which is now thirty years ago, he has to our would abandon the study altogether. He stuck to his word; and mind too much upon its own internal resources. It is plain, then, from these observations that the definitions in certain knowledge never studied Geometry, althcaga by no means Geometry are propositions which must be admitted to be true deficient in ability, being one of our oldest and most learned collegebefore any reasoning can be established on them as a basis. In It defines not what a point is or has; but what it is not or has not. bred friends. But there is an essential defect in this definition. another view, these definitions may be considered as so many This is definition by negatives, not by positives. We want to know postulates (from Lat. postulo, I demand) or demands upon the The addition made by common sense and ordinary understanding of the learner. And really what a thing is; not, what it is not. here, let it be observed, that there is nothing whatever in the Dr. Simson, that a point is that which hath no magnitude," does study of Geometry which is not within the reach of every mind of not remove the difficulty: for that which hath no magnitude if the most common capacity, if that mind will only apply itself to it really exist, must be referred to the properties of mind, and not the effort of simply endeavouring to understand the meaning of to those of matter. But let us hear what others say about this deany definition or proposition placed before it. The scholastic and finition. In one of the most popular and much-used editions of dogmatic style in which the simple truths of Geometry have been Euclid, we are told that "a notion being obtained by the senses of usually placed before the learner, is undoubtedly the chief reason the smallest magnitude distinctly perceptible, this is called a why so few have studied this science. But he is not a teacher of would be strictly what is called a mathematical point. But this is physical point. If this point were indivisible even in idea, it this science who does not endeavour to remove this dogmatic ap- not the case. No material substance can assume a magnitude so pearance from the study, and to show how the simple abstraction small that a smailer may not be imagined. The mind, however, of physical properties from the objects brought before the mind, tends to simplify the reasoning, and reduce it to the easiest form having obtained the notion of an extremely minute [physical] in which logic can be applied. The properties of geometrical and that state at which it would arrive if this diminution were infinitely magnitude, may proceed without limit in a mental diminution of it; figures are only approximately true in all cases whatsoever, in rela-continued is a mathematical point." Now we hear some of our impa tion to the actual diagrams exhibited to the eye, or to the physical tient readers and even learners say, what is the of all this fuss objects to which they may be referred; but they are perfectly and about a point? Surely a point is a point, and there is an end of the strictly true in relation to the definitions of the figures, because these only have their existence in the mind, and are perfectly inde-matter. Everybody knows what a point is! But gentle readers, stop a pendent of all external circumstances; this is what we call abstraction little; everybody does not know what a point is in Geometry, and in logic. The mind of the attentive student very soon gets accus. is, as well as what it is not. To compare mathematical points, or it is of some importance to your future progress to know what it tomed to this species of abstraction; and he learns to reason on rather, geometrical points, which is the more accurate phrase, with geometrical figures and diagrams as upon ideal objects such as exist in a perfect state in his mind, according to the definitions; physical or material points, as is done in the preceding extract, is although the figures and diagrams themselves be very far from simply an absurdity. Not the slightest notion can be gained from accurate either as to the nature of the lines or the form in which this comparison. A geometrical punt is a pure abstraction, and Dr. Thomson, they are put together. Let us now proceed to the consideration of the idea of it must be reached by other means. the Definitions prefixed to the First Book of Euclid's "Elements of in his useful edition of Euclid, makes the following remarks on Geometry." this subject, but they are not much more to the purpose:-"In geometrical figures, or, as the, are called, diagrams, we are obliged, instead of mathematical points and lines, to employ physical ones; that is, dots, instead of mathematical points, and lines of some perceptible breadth, instead of mathematical ones; as the finest line that we can make has breadth, and the finest point, both length and breadth. Our reasoning, however, is not vitiated on this account, as it is conducted on the supposition that the point has no magnitude, and the line no breadth, and nothing in it depends on the magnitude of the point, or the breadth of the line in the diagram. We have already shown that all our reasoning in geometry is wholly independent of the actual figures or diagrams before, and we have shown the reason BOOK I. A point is that which hath no parts, or which hath no magnitude. “A point is" more clearly defined to be "the beginning of magnitude;" as, for instance, the beginning of a line. II. A line is length without breadth. A line is extension in any one direction, uniform or variable; as, the unbroken contour or outline of any given surface. III. The extremities of a line are points. By the extremities of a line, are why; so that this argument about mathematical _or_geometrical here meant, the beginning and the end of the line. IV. A straight line is that which lies evenly between its extreme points. "A straight line is" more clearly defined to be" that in which, if any two points be taken, the part intercepted between them is the shortest that can be drawn." This shows that every straight line in the Elements is considered to be of indefinite length, unless otherwise expressed. V. A superficies is that which hath only length and breadth. A superficies or surface, is extension in any two directions, uniform or variable; as, the continuous boundary of any given solid. Def. I. Book XI. VI. points is perfectly useless, and not to the point. Professor Playfair, in his edition of the "Elements," defined "a point" as "that which has position but not magnitude." If by position here, he meant physical position, then the difficulty is as great as ever; for how can that which has no physical magnitude have any physi cal position?" This definition is nearly as wise as the ancient scholastic inquiry, "whether it be possible for a thousand angels to dance on the point of a needle?" But we must stop here for the present, and finish this important subject in our next lecture. QUESTIONS ON THE PRECEDING LESSON. What is Euclid's definition of a point? of a line? of the extreThe extremities of a superficies are lines. By the extremities of a super-mities of a line of a straight line of a superficies? of the extreficies or surface, are here meant, the boundaries or edges of the surface. mities of a superficies? of a plane superficies? VII. A plane superficies is that in which any two points being taken, the straight line between them lies wholly in that superficies. A plane superficies, or What are the additional explanations which are given of a point? of a line? of the extremities of a line? of a straight line? of a superficies? of the extremities of a superficies? of a plane superficies ? LESSONS IN GERMAN. —No. VIII. SECTION XVII. THE plural of Mann is Männer; except in compounds, where it is generally Leute (§ 15. Note). Ex.: Landmann, countryman; Banbleute, country-people. 3immermann, carpenter; Zimmerleute, carpenters. Hauptmann, captain; Hauptleute, captains. Kaufmann, merchant; Kaufleute, merchants. Bolf corresponds mainly to our word people. Unlike this, however, it has different forms for the two numbers. Ex.: Die Franzosen sind ein lebhaftes Volk; the French are a lively people. Die Fürsten schwelgen, und das Volk leitet; the princes revel and the people suffer. Alle Völker auf Erden, 1. Moses 18, 18; all the nations of the earth, Genesis 18. 18. The word one, as a pronoun, is, in English, often inserted after an adjective, to avoid the repetition of the noun; in German, however, the adjective in such a case, stands alone. Ex.:| Er hat einen guten Hut und ich habe einen schlechten; he has a good hat and I have a bad (one). Ich habe gute Hüte und er hat schlechte; I have good hats and he has bad (ones). Er hat guten Wein und ich habe schlechten; he has good wine and I have bad (wine). The adjective and participle preceded by an article are often used substantively, as well in the singular as in the plural. Ex.: Der Zufriedene ist glücklich; the contented (man) is happy. Die Zu friedene ist glücklich; the contented (woman) is happy. Die Zu friedenen find glücklich; the contented are happy. Ein Zufriedener ist glücklich; a contented (man) is happy. Der Sterbente, die Sterbende; the dying (man), the dying (woman). Die Lebenden; the living. I. Adjectives in German are often, by means of the definite article, converted into abstract nouns. Ex.: Er verehrt das Shine; he adores the beautiful. II. The use of the definite article before nouns taken in a general sense is much more frequent than in English. Ex.: Der Tiger ist flink; the tiger is agile. Der Diamant ist ein Edelstein; the diamond is a precious stone. Das Gold ist ein edles Metall; (the) gold is a precious metal. Die Luft ist ein Element; the air is an element. Das Wasser ist ein Element; (the) water is an element. Die Seele ist unsterblich; the soul is immortal. Der Mensch ist Sterblich; (the) man is mortal. Die Faulheit ist ein Laster; (the) idleness is a vice. The plural is used in the same manner. Ex.: Die Tiger find flint; (the) tigers are agile. III. The definite article is sometimes used instead of the possessive pronouns. Ex.: Er hat ein Buch in der Hand: he has a book in the (his) hand. Das Kind ist bei dem Vater; the child is with the (its) father. IV. Proper names and titles are often preceded by the definite article. Ex.: Wo ist der Heinrich? where is (the) Henry? Der Kaiser Heinrich; the emperor Henry. Der König Heinrich; (the) king Henry. The definite article likewise commonly precedes the adjective qualifying a proper name. Ex.: Die schöne Helene; the beautiful H len. Der arme Richard; (the) poor Richard. The article is also generally used before the word Schule, Kirche, Markt, Mühle, 2. Ex.: Er ist in der Schule; he is (in) at (the) school. Er ist in der Kirche; he is (in) at (the) churen. Er ift auf dem Markt; he is at the market. Er ist in der Mühle; he is in the mill. Er geht nach der Mühle; he is going to (the) mill. V. The word Herr, when placed before a proper name, answers to our Mr. Ex.: Ist Herr N. hier? is Mr. N. here? Frau in the like position signifies Mrs. Ex.: Wo ist Frau N? where is Mrs. N.?raulein thus placed answers to our word Miss. Ex.: Fräulein N. ist hier; Miss N. is here. Guten Morgen Herr N., Frau N., Fräulein N.; good morning Mr. N., Mrs. N., Miss N. Instead of Frau the French Matam is often used. Ex.: Maram N.; Mrs. N. In address, when the name is omitted, the possessive pronoun precedes the words Herr and Fräulein. Ex.: Guten Morgen mein Herr, mein Fräulein; good morning, Sir, Miss. In the plural the form of address is: Meine Herren! Gentlemen! Meine Damen Ladies! Meine Fräulein! Young ladies! The word Fräulein, when connected with the name, is used like its corresponding word in English. Ex.: Sind die Fräulein N. zu Haufe? Are the Misses N. at home? In ceremonious address the word Herr is prefixed to titles. Ex.: Herr Präsident; Mr. President. Herr Sprecher; Mr. Speaker. Herr, preceded by the definite article, is applied to these titles as well in the third person as in the second. Ex.: Wo ist der Herr Präsident? Where is the (Mr.) president? Wissen Sie, wo der Herr Oberst ist? Do you know where the (Mr.) colonel is? Note. The words in brackets are the literal translations f the German; they are given that the pupil may clearly perceive the different modes of expression of the two languages. Peculiarities of this kind are called "the idiom of a language," and the differences "differences of idiom." The word Frau is prefixed to titles or appellations of women. Ex.: Frau Gönnerin; Lady patroness. Frau Aebtissin; Lady Abbess. Frau Gemahlin; Lady consort. These words are also prefixed to designations of relationship. Wo ist Ihr Herr Vater? Where is your (Mr.) father? Sein Herr Bruter ist hier. His (Mr.) brother is here. 3ft Ihre Frau Mutter zu Hause? Is your (Mrs.) mother at home? Ihre Fräulein Schwester war da, c. Your (Miss) sister was there, &c. EXERCISE 17. Handwerker, m. chanic; Herr, m. Mr., Abend, m. evening; me. Schlecht, adj. bad, base; Sir, Schreiner, m. joiner; Schritt, m. step, stride; Lord; Hofrathin, f. wife of a Sehen, to see, percounsellor of the ceive; court (Sect. IX. I.); Thea'ter, n. theatre; Läch'erlich, adj. ludi- Tiefe, f. depth; Trauer, f. mourning, crous, ridiculous; Laster, n. vice; Madam', f. Mrs., madam;* Maurer, m. mason; sorrow; Tu'gendhaft, virtuous; Un'gelehrt, unlearned, illiterate; Minister, m. minister; Un'glücklich, unhappy, Frau, f. Mrs., woman, Mit, with; wife; unfortunate; Morgen, m. morning; Bertie'nen, to earn Gelehrt', adj. learned; Muster, n. sample; deserve; Gemahlin, f. consort, Munter, adj. lively; Viel, adj. and adv. wife; Nüglich, adj. useful; much, many; Gesandt'in, f. ambassa-Professor, m. profes- Wünschen, to wish, dress; desire. sor; Gestern, yesterday; Schauen, to view ; Glücklich, adj. happy, Scheuen, to shun; fortunate; Die Hüttenleute haben schwere Ar'. The furnace-men have severe labour. (The) most nations of Asia have still idols. The father has a black hat and the son a white (one). The beautiful is lovely, but only the good (is) worthy of respect. The (Mr.) ambassador, with his lady consort, has just now departed. Take (you) seats upon the sofa, if you please, (my) ladies, (my) young ladies, or (my) gentlemen. Mrs. N., her (Miss) daughter, and her (Mr.) son are in your room. 1. Die Zimmerleute, Schreiner, Schneider und Maurer find Handwerker. 2. Die Bergleute arbeiten in der Liefe der Erde. 3. Die Engländer sind ein ruhiges Volk. 4. Fleißige Handwerksleute verdienen in America viel Geld. 5. Der Reiche hat einen guten Rock, und der Bettler einen schlechten. 6. Der Tugendhafte scheut das Lafter. 7. Der Glückliche bedauert den Unglücklichen. 8. Die Ungelehrte beneidet die Gelehrte. 9. Das Gelehrte ist nicht immer das Nüßliche. 10. Herr N. ist in dem Zimmer. 11. Frau *Madam is the same as the French "Madame" (my lady), but never spelt with the e as is the French word. N. ist in dem Theater. 12. Ich gehe mit Ihnen, mein Herr. 13. 34 wünsche Ihnen einen guten Morgen, mein Fräulein. 14. Ich war gestern in einer Damengesellschaft. 15. Frau N. ist sehr munter. 16. Ich sehe die Frau Gesandtin nicht. 17. Der Herr Minister ist ebenfalls vert. 18. Die Frau Hofräthin hat Trauer. 19. Guten Abend Herr Professor. 20. Wo ist Ihre Frau Gemahlin, Ihr Herr Sohn und Ihre Fräulein Lochter? 21. Sie find in dem Concert. 22. Vom (§ 4. 2) Erhabenen zum Lächer. lichen ist nur ein Schritt. 23. Der Reiche hat zwei Häuser, trei Knechte, vier Pferde, zwölf Ochsen und achtzig Schafe. 24. Dieser Jäger hat fünf Hunde und jener hat acht. fennt 1. The Germans are a diligent people. 2. My father knows Ungelehrte a learned professor and an unfortunate (one). 3. The unlearned Buch avoids the learned. 4. The dying (man) has a book in HIS hand. 5. He adores the beautiful and the sublime. 6. Gold Kupfer sind is a precious metal, silver is likewise, but copper and iron are Sie gefchen not. 7. Have you seen poor Henry and little Helen? 8. Your friend the CAPTAIN was in the theatre. 9. I see the COLONEL yonder in the garden. 10. Good morning, president. 11. Is zu Hause Guten Abend your mother at home? 12. Good evening, Sir; where is your sister and your brother? QUESTIONS. 1. What is the plural of Mann? 2. In what respect do Bolt and people differ? 3. How would you express such a phrase as "a good one" in German? 4. How are adjectives in German often converted into abstract nouns? 5. Example? 6. Wherein is the use of the article more common in German than in English? 7. Instead of what is the definite article sometimes used? 8. Example? 9. What of proper names and titles? 10. What of the article preceding adjectives? 12. Frau? 13. Fräulein? 14. 11. What of the word Herr? Examples? LESSONS IN BOTANY.-No. IX. CLASS XI.-DODECANDRIA. In this order stand the purple loosestrifes. According to Linnæus, the germs were first named from Lysimachus, king of Sicily, and our word loosestrife is simply a translation of the old Greek name. It originated in the absurd idea entertained by the ancients, that, when these plants were put on the yokes of restive oxen, these animals became gentle and submissive. The spiked purple loosestrife has an erect stem, from two to four feet high, a cylindrical cup of one leaf, with twelve teeth, enclosing the germ, and a corolla of six petals, which is beautiful and showy. It grows in watery places, and flowers in July and August. Of the loosestrifes, it may be remarked by the way, there are many varieties, with which it becomes the botanist to make an acquaintance. In the time of Gerard, the wood species was called serpentaria, from the notion that, "if serpents be wounded, they do heal themselves with this herb." This kind, like some others, bears yellow flowers. The Great yellow loosestrife, for example, often found in England, by the roadside, on moist meadows, or in bogs, during the month of July, is sometimes two or three feet high, and adorned with large clusters of golden blossoms. DIGYNIA. Agrimony is a wild plant, well known to the ancients, which is said to derive its name from a Greek word, meaning the web or pearl of the eye, to which it was thought to be applicable with advantage. The stem, which is generally simple, varies from one to two feet high, its yellow flowers are very numerous in a close, tapering spike. It is common by roadsides, in hedges, 3wei, two; brei, three; vier, four; wolf, twelve ; achtzig, eighty; fin, five; acht, eight. and the margins of fields, and flowers in June and July. They yield, some think, an odour like an apricot. A decoction of agrimony has had the reputation of keeping old age away from those ladies who persevere in its use. At least, it has the merit of being harmless, which cannot be said of all plants, and it would probably form a good kind of diet-drink from its slightly tonic properties. TRIGYNIA. three, four, five, and six jagged petals; it flowers in July. On walls, or barren ground, we find the dyer's weed, having The flowers blow in a nodding spike, which follows the course of the sun, turning towards it when it rises, and bending after it till it sinks beneath the western horizon. This plant affords a most beautiful yellow dye for cotton, woollen, silk, or linen. The yellow hue of the paint called Dutch pink, is obtained from the stems and roots of this plant, with the juice of which the ancient Britons are said to have stained their bodies. DODECAGYNIA. This name denotes twelve pistils, of which the houseleek is July and August. It has several dense tufts and numerous an example, growing on walls and house-tops, and flowering in It contains malic acid, combined with lime, and its leaves are oblong, acute, fringed, and very thick and succulent leaves. frequently applied to bruises and old ulcers. They are considered to be cooling when applied externally and frequently renewed. CLASS XII. ICOSANDRIA. Plants bearing flowers with Twenty or more Stamens, arising from the inner edge of the calyx. The stamens of plants in this class are not, therefore, to be considered so much in reference to number as to situation. The special mark that distinguishes them alike from the preceding and following classes is this, that the stamens proceed directly from the sides of the cup, or are united with the blossom, but not, as is common in other instances, from the receptacle. A little careful observation will soon render this difference clearly perceptible. LESSONS IN BOTANY. bullace, a small tree, with spreading round branches, which grows in woods, thickets, and hedges, puts forth its white petals in April, and yields a globular, austere, and black fruit, with blue blossom. We are often struck by what culture can effect. We take, for example, a wild pink, and compare it with the carnation; or the original hearts-ease, and compare it with the The Carnation. pansy of our gardens, and the difference is visibly great; but we are apt to overlook the fact that the bullace growing in the hedge is our wild plum-tree, from which the cultivated plums have been obtained. "So oft young genius at its birth, Spreads its bright blossoms o'er the earth, But when we look its fruit to see, It stands a fair, but barren tree." Plants of this order have Five Pistils. The whitethorn is a small tree or shrub, with smooth bark, and very hard wood, growing in thickets, and by rivers. Its flowers appear in May and June; they are white, but sometimes pink, and emit a very agreeable odour. The fruit is of a The deep-red, and mealy, and the berries, which remain during the winter, are eaten by numerous species of small birds. value of this tree for hedges is well known. The common medlar, a small tree which grows in hedges, and flowers in May, and the dwarf quince-leaved medlar, a small, stemless bush, whose drooping flowers may be seen in July, and which yield a mealy, red fruit, are placed in the same order. as the To these, however, must be added a series of trees: wild pear-tree, which rises high in woods and hedges, with its thorny branches, and flowers in April and May; the wild apple-tree, often called the crab-tree-the origin of all the varieties of the apple, which grows in the same situation, and flowers in May; the wild service-tree, whose white flowers appear in April and May, growing in large downy panicles; and the mountain-ash, a tree remarkable for its beauty, growing in mountainous woods, flowering in May and June, and yielding a scarlet fruit, on which several species of small birds, especially thrushes, freely regale themselves. Nor must we omit the meadow-sweet, which has been said to have a flower of "lace-like embroidery," waving so beautifully and gracefully in the gentlest wind. It flowers in June and July, not only in meadows, but about the edges of rivers and ditches. Its odour is very fragrant, but in a close apartment, it becomes injurious from its containing prussic acid. POLYGYNIA. The term polygynia properly means Many Pistils. Here are assembled the roses, so various in size, hue, and fragrance, that a description of them would require a very ex Great, indeed, is the difference between the acid and ungrateful taste of the wild plum, and the rich juiciness of the fruit with which we are familiar as growing in our orchards. To the same order must be added the blackthorn, or sloe-tree, a sort of bush, with irregularly spreading round branches, leaves serrate, numerous flowers, which appear in March and April, with pure white petals. It is this tree which William Howitt thus addresses: "All other trees are wont to wear, First, leaves-then, flowers-and last, Bat thou, so prompt thy flowers to show, The Rhododendron. tensive space. The following details must, therefore, suffice:The wilding rose, often called dog's-rose, and dog's-thorn, be RESUME OF EXAMPLES. Vous coupez vous les ongles? veux. Vous coupez vous les doigts ? malheurs du frère de votre ami? cause dogs are said to eat the tips, is one of the sweetest orna- In this order, too, are the many varieties of the bramble, the strawberry, divers kinds of cinquefoil, the tormentils, the herb bennet, and the water and mountain avens. But our limits require us to pause. We would have our readers admire all the beauties with which culture has filled our gardens, and the floral grandeurs with which they are sometimes arrayed. But while they gaze with delight on the gorgeousness of such flowers as the rhododendron, we would have them listen to the poet's appeal: "Despise not thou the wild-flower! small it seems, 3. Custom seems, however, to sanction the use of the preposition de between the verb se rappeler and an infinitive:Nous ne nous rappelons pas d'en We do not remember having been deavoir été privés (CONDILLAC). prived of it. au coucher du soleil. que vous,-au lever du soleil. et il se couche à dix heures et Associé, m. partner. Se chauff-er, 1. ref. to EXERCISE 71. De meilleure heure, Feu, m. fire. Perruquier, m ie 1. Le perruquier se coupe-t-il le pouce 2. Non, M il se coupe les cheveux. 3. Le charpentier ne se c pas la main? 4. Il ne se coupe pas la main, il coupe 5. Ne vous rappelez vous pas cette dame? 6. Je me cette dame et ces messieurs, 7. De quoi vous occupe 8. Nous nous occupons de nos affaires. 9. Vous s vous des fusils qu'a votre père? 10. Je ne m'en s point du tort. 11. Cette petite fille ne se brule-t-e 12. Elle ne se brûle pas, il n'y a pas de feu dans le p Pourquoi le boucher ne se chauffe-t-il pas ? 14. Par n'a pas froid. 16. Ces enfants se lèvent ils de meilleurs que moi? 16. Ils se couchent de bonne heure, et ils s tous les matins à six heures. 17. Votre associé ne ve s'asseoir? 18. Il n'a pas le temps de s'asseoir. 1 souvenez vous de vos promesses? 20. Je m'en souv faitement. 21. Ne vous chauffez vous pas quand froid? 22. Je ne me chauffe presque jamais. couche-t-on pas, quand on a sommeil? 24. On s quand on a sommeil, et on mange quand on a fast Quand on se porte bien, se lève-t-on de bonne besti Quand on se porte bien, on doit (should) se leveri heure. EXERCISE 72. 1. Do you rise early when you are well? 2. Who well, I rise every morning at five o'clock. 3. Do ber your cousin L. 4. I remember him perfectly Do you go to bed early? 6. We go to bed at ten Does not the tailor burn his fingers? 8. He does not fingers, his iron is not warın. 9. Does the carpenter thumb? 10. He cuts neither his thumb nor his ha Why do you not warm yourself? 12. I do not wa because I am not cold. 13. Is it not very cold to-c It is not cold to-day, it rains. 15. Does your hair-dress at sunrise? 16. The carpenter rises at sunrise and goes 4. Se souvenir takes the preposition de before a noun or pro-at sunset. 17. Do you rise earlier than I? 18. We noun as well as before an infinitive: Vous souvenez vous de cette affaire? Je ne m'en souviens pas. Je me souviens de lui avoir écrit. Do you remember that affair? I do not remember it. I remember having written to him. 5. Se coucher, corresponds to the English verbs to retire, to go to bed : morning at the break of day. 19. Do you cut your har 20. I cut my hair and my nails every month. 21. remember that gentleman? 22. I remember him re 23. I do not remember him. 24. Do you cut you when you mend a pen? 25. I cut my hand when 1 ber all that (tout ce que) I learn. 28. Do you know Je father is well? 29. He is very well to-dav. 30. Is t mother well? 31. She is not very well. 32. Do you ber your friend's misfortunes? 33. I remember them. remember that. |