Mit der Ruhe eines Sto'ifere ertrug' er den heftigsten Schmerz. Bei dem Grdan'ken an die Schmach seines Vaterlandes konnte er die Thränen nicht länger zurück'hal ten. Wir müssen uns bestre'ben, wenn wir anters gute Bürger sein wollen, mit unsern Kräften und nach unferm Vermögen dem Staate zu nüßen. Wir dürfen Andern mht thun, was Er hat Briese schreiben wollen Sie wird nicht gehen konnen. Sie hätten es nicht thun sollen. THE POPULAR EDUCATOR. With the (quiet) calmness of a At the thought of the disgrace We must exert ourselves, if we We must not do to others what to serve the state. He has wished to write letters. They ought not to have done it. 1. Wollen Sie mit mir nach Mannheim gehen? 2. Ich kann nicht, ich habe keine Zeit. 3. Wann können Sie gehen? 4. Ich werte die nächste Woche gehen, wenn Sie so lange warten können. 5. Will Ihr Lehrer mit Ihnen auf das Feld oder nach der Stakt gehen? 6. Er will nicht auf's Feld, und kann nicht nach der Start gehen. 7. Was wollen diese Kinter? 8. Sie wollen Aepfel und Kirschen, aber sie können keine kaufen, denn sie haben kein Geld. 9. Was wollen Sie, mein Herr? mein Fräulein? meine Dame? 10. Wollen Sie die Güte haben, mir ein Glas (Sect. 62) Waffer (Sect. 26) zu geben? 11. Können Sie mir sagen, wie viel Uhr es ist? 12. Ich kann es (Sect. 36. VI) Ihnen nicht sagen, ich habe keine Uhr bei mir. 13. Was wollte der Kaufmann Ihnen verkaufen? 14. Ich konnte nichts bei ihm finden, was ich kaufen wollte. 15. Wir werden morgen schlechtes Wetter haben. 16. Es kann sein, daß es noch heute regnen wird. 17. Können Sie die deutsche Handschrift lesen? 18. Nein, ich habe genug mit der Druckschrift zu thun. 19. Der Neidische (Sect. 17) will seinen Freund nicht loben. 20. Eine Gelehrte ist nicht immer eine gute Hausfrau. 21. Geduld ist eine schwere Kunst; Manche (§ 53. 1.) können sie lehren, aber nicht lernen. 22. Ein guter Lehrer muß Getult haben. gute Schüler wird aufmerksam sein. 23. Jeter 1. You can go into the garden, but you cannot remain long there. 2. These attentive scholars were allowed to go with their teacher to Mannheim. better. 4. Can you speak German? 5. We could not learn 3. We can employ our time our lessons this week. 6. You must learn this week's lessons attentively. 7. You may go to-morrow to your parents. 8. He may be a good man. 9. The housewife must (is obliged to) go to market to-morrow. 10. Have you written to your parents? 11. Yes, I was obliged to write. 12. It is two o'clock. 13. I shall arrive at your house at a quarter past three o'clock. 14. Will you come twenty minutes before eight o'clock? 15. I may rome to your house this evening, but do not wait for me. As long as it rains, I cannot go out. 17. Fish can only live in 16. water, and birds in the air. 18. You should not have done that, it will not be any recommendation to you. go to the theatre this evening. 20. We may not have the op19. I wish to portunity another time. Janwenden die Aufgaben dieser Woche. Bleine Empfehlung. Gelegenheit. So lange als. 4nur. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. A MINER may study geometry with very little knowledge of arithmetic, and relieve his mind with geology and English. A true geometer needs scarcely any instruments.-A PUPIL (Newport): Study both, and do all the Latin exercises if you wish to excel.-D. MINTY (Cardiff): Hints in composition will be given. Dr. Beard is right, if we consider that all prefixes were once words.-JOHN HOLLAND (New Basford): We advise him to apply to the clergyman of the parish in which he resides. W. B. U. (Cashel): Thanks for his communication. In Geology, eocene comes from cos, the dawn, and kainos, recent; miocene, from meion, smaller or less, and the same word; and pliocene, from pleion, more, and the same word. The meaning is, that certain formations are called recent; and of this recentness, there are degrees: first, the newest or more the least recent, or the commencement of recentness, called the eocene.recent, called pliocene; second, the less recent, called miocene; and third, may arise, if he were bound to a master; the law would protect him A WOULD-BE-APPRENTICE, must not be afraid of any difficulties that from ill-usage. A knowledge of Geometry would be a "feather in his cap," in an engineering shop.-D. H. (Liverpool): We cannot give a reference to the rules in French Grammar, which will remove his difficulties, because we have not come to these rules in our course; and to anticipate them for every one, would be endless.-AN ENQUIRER IN THE WEST: No, certainly not; he can only learn by experience, or by consulting a dictionary.-E. M. COLLINS (Bath): Thanks for her comof the Three Guinea Catalogue, which is, no doubt, in the hands of some munication.-G. BROWN (Sheffield): We mean pp. 676, 677, and 680 of the Sheffield manufacturers whose goods figured in class 23, of the Great Exhibition.-C. A. MOLLYSON: Right -J. E. WOOD (Tockworth): We are preparing the book on Arithmetic he wants.-X, Y. Z. (Bayswater): We must give the first part before the second part: His remarks on the necessity of a French key, are just; we shall try to patience, friend.-B. H. N. (Dukinfield): Right.-J. G. (Heywood): meet them. You seem questions have been already answered; read the notices to correspondONE ANXIOUS, &c. (Kirton-in-Lindsay): Go on, all right; all your tion.-Q. K.X.: Yes.-E. S. PARKER (Plaistow): Go on as you are doing. ents from the beginning.-H. D. (Slaidburn) shall receive due attenLatin will help the French if you have time.-R. W. (Whitby): Yes. —E. M.: The references are to future lessons not to past.-W. MARCHcorrect; but arithmetic is preferable to algebra, for the mass, in such BANK (Cowling): Thanks for his communication; his solution is quite questions.-C. THOMAS (St. Austel): His solution is quite correct, but too laborious.-GEORGE PEPPER (Belfast), A. HALL (Bristol), retime of Pitman's system.-JAMES L. ARDEN (Malton): The books commends Odell's system of shorthand, as it can be learned in half the selected for the class are very good; but after you have purchased them it would not be wise to attempt to criticise on your choice. their nature admit of no comparison should not be treated like those to have enough in hand for the present.-J. W. Y.: Words which from which do. It is neither proper to say more proper, nor correct to say more correct.-LILLY (Gloucestershire) should request her mother or some Dictionary" every day, and to ask her to spell the words in it after she friend to listen to her reading a column of Smart's "Walker's Pronouncing has read it.--WILLIAM SMITHSON (Newcastle): If a mutual class be formed for the study of Euclid, a certain portion should be given out to should be selected in turn to hear the rest. be committed to judgment and not to memory only; and one member be necessary to draw the diagrams upon, with chalk, so that all may see. A black board or slate will Let each then, in turn, with his book shut, give the best account he can the evening; the latter if he be not well acquainted with the proposiof a proposition and its demonstration to the chairman or teacher for tion, holding his own book open by way of check upon any great inaccuracy of statement. (I. 2) means first proposition, second book. QE.F. means quod erat faciendum, i. e., which was to be done. The longitude on maps is to be counted from the first meridian, viz., that of Greenwich; and it is so counted and marked at the top and bottom of square maps. the meridian passing through Greenwich being marked 0.-VERITAS: On round maps, like those of the world, it is marked along the equator, We are anxious to begin mechanics. CIO.IO.CC means 1700, and the French Testament of this date, published in Amsterdam, is very likely to be both correct and good. Our thanks to his French teacher. His plan regarding exercises is good, but there are great difficulties in the be misprinted; but write to its editor. way. The statement about the letters in the alphabet in the I. E. mast Euclid, is better than Bridge's. The French pronunciation is taught ORATOR (Greenock): Thomson's Algebra as a companion to his and which may be had by post, for seven penny stamps.-J. S. (Edgewareon the very plan he wishes, in the "French Lessons" published here, road): The shilling edition of Euclid will be sent through the post, upon the transmission of 18 penny postage stamps to our office. LITERARY NOTICES. CASSELL'S ELEMENTS OF ARITHMETIC, will be issued early in October, price 18. in stiff covers, or 1s. 6d. cloth, uniform with Cassell's Edition of Euclid, edited by Professor Wallace, A.M., of the University of Glasgow, Editor of Cassell's " Euclid," the POPULAR EDUCATOR, &c. THE POPULAR EDUCATOR ALMANACK, price 2d., containing a large sources, with brief notices of the various arts, sciences, languages, &c. amount of Educational Statistics, compiled from the most authentic will be ready for delivery November 1st. Printed and Published by JOHN CASSELL, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate. hill, London.-September 11, 1852. SIR JOHN Ross, who sailed in the Victory, in 1829, on an expedition to the north, again explored Baffin's Bay, Lancaster Sound, and Prince Regent's Inlet, discovered land which he called Boothia Felix, from the name of his patron, and explored the coasts of this new country, until he was so hemmed in by the ice, that he could neither advance nor return. The expedition accordingly remained in this condition during the space of four years, the longest period on record, of the deten John Ross failed in discovering a free passage in the frozen tion of navigators in the northern regions. While thus de- | if not more so, had been undertaken by land, with a view of tained the members employed their time in making excursions exploring the northern regions of America, and the coasts of which enlarged our geographical and meteorological knowledge, and added to philosophy the fine discovery of the north magnetic pole. Besides the isthmus and peninsula of Boothia Felix, the expedition discovered King William's Land, and the western sea called after the same sovereign. As to the north-west passage, he found that this did not exist in Prince Regent's Inlet, nor to the south of latitude 70° N.; but Sir VOL. I. the Polar Sea, in order to assist in the discovery of the passage so ardently sought for, during so many ages. Samuel Hearn, employed by the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1771, commenced his expedition at Prince of Wales' Fort, and discovered the Coppermine River, which he traced to its embouchure, in the Polar Sea. Franklin, in 1820-21, made an expedition by land along the same coast between the Coppermine River and Cape 25 Turnagain. This adventurous expedition accomplished amidst long, rendered so famous by the Temple of the Sun, built by a thousand dangers, among which famine was not the least formidable, was highly useful in a geographical point of view. Two years afterwards the same officer undertook another expedition to the north, and explored the country between the Mackenzie River and Cape Back; at the same time Dr. Richardson, one of the party, explored that part between the Mackenzie River and the Coppermine River. The part of the coast left unexplored between the limits of Captain Beechey and Captain Franklin's discoveries, extending to 150 miles, was nearly completed in this respect by Captain Back, and after him by Messrs. Dease and Simpson, so that the northern shores of North America are now geographically known almost throughout their whole extent. Our geographical knowledge of the desert regions of North America was greatly increased by some other important expeditions. Lewis and Clarke travelled to the sources of the Missouri among the Rocky Mountains, and reached the Pacific Ocean by descending along the course of the Colombia River. Pike, in exploring the sources of the Mississippi, discovered those of the Arkansas and the Red River. Major Long, James Peak, Messrs. Cass and Schoolcraft, travelled over this vast region, so remarkably studded with lakes and rivers, and belonging partly to Britain and partly to the United States. Mackenzie, in 1789, went from Montreal, and travelling to the north-west, descended along the course of the river which bears his name, and found that its source was in the Slave Lake, and its termination in the Arctic Ocean; he then crossed the chain of the Rocky Mountains, and reached the Pacific. In South America, M. de Humboldt began his explorations, and accompanied by M. Aimé Bonpland, the celebrated botanist, visited Colombia, studying during his travels all the phenomena of nature, tracing the geography of the country, measuring the heights of the Andes, examining the craters of volcanoes, delineating on maps the courses of rivers, and, in short, exploring the whole external appearance of this magnificent country. On the river Amazon, he made observations equally curious and important. He proceeded from Peru to Mexico, and made similar observations in the latter country; and he has described his scientific discoveries in these regions in a style both effective and interesting; so that in no portion of the globe have greater advances been made in the knowledge of physics and geography, and of all the sciences connected with them. Botanical geography may, in fact, be said to have originated with M. de Humboldt. If to this we add, that the author of the "Tableaux de la Nature" studied the countries in which he travelled both in an economical and political point of view, his merit as a scientific traveller stands unrivalled. The travels of La Condamine in Peru and on the river Amazon; of Smith and Maw, on the same river; of Messrs. Spix, Martins, and Auguste St. Hilaire, in Brazil; of Don Felix Azara, in Paraguay; of Captains Parker-King, and Fitzroy, in Patagonia, and Terra-del-Fuego; of M. Stephenson, in Chili and Peru; of M. Gay, in Chili; and of M. Schomberg, in Guiana,-have all contributed to the perfection of our knowledge of the geography, the productions, the geology, and the population of South America. Among these later travellers, must be mentioned M. A. d'Orbigny, a learned French geologist, who, in 1826, after a sojourn of seven months at Buenos Ayres, ascended the Parana as far as 1,000 miles from its mouth, travelled over the provinces of Corrientes and of Missions, penetrated into the hordes of savages which people Grand-Chaco, and returned to a civilised territory, passing through the provinces of Entre-Rios and Santa-Fe. He then travelled into Patagonia, ascended the Rio Negro, and sojourned eight months in that country, amongst the giants, whose Herculean forms and size had been described with so much exaggeration, by Pigaicuta, Drake, Sarmiento, Lemaire, Byron, Bougainville, and many other navigators. This intrepid naturalist then proceeded to Chili, having doubled Cape Horn and reached Bolivia (Upper Peru), of which he explored the western region, rendered so remarkable by the labours of the ancient Quichuas. He ascended the summits of the Andes, and on his reaching the opposite sides of these amazing heights, beheld a magnificent panorama of snowy peaks, and of immense chains of mountains. He at last reached the vast tableland on which is situated the great Lake of Titicaca, 150 miles the Incas, in an island in its centre. At the village of Tiahu anacu, near the banks of this lake, are also to be seen the remains of the stupendous palace erected by the ancient Peruvians. The interior courts, 360 feet square, are built of enormous blocks of stone, some of which weigh 80 tons. The great gates are each composed of one single mass; and there are colossal images rudely sculptured, showing that at a very early period there must have been some communication between the old world and the new. The traveller, above mentioned, then visited in succession the cities of Cochabamba and of Santa Cruz de la Sierra; courageously penetrated into the province of the Chiquitos, which he surveyed in every direction to the river Paraguay and the Brazilian city of MattoGrosso; noted the manners of the Guarayos, a tribe still entirely savage; traversed the province of the Moxos, to the north-east of Upper Peru; passed some time in the forests inhabited by the Yuracares Indians; discovered the points of discharge of the Rio-Beni and Rio-Mamoré, tributaries to the Amazon; returned to Santa Cruz; visited Potosi, the city of inexhaustible mines; and finally sailed for France from the coast of Peru. This remarkable expedition lasted for the space of eight years; and produced valuable results for the geographer, the natural historian, and the geologist. From the extremity of South America, let us pass on to the regions which surround the antarctic pole. There we see navigators of all nations, braving the storms and the icebergs of those seas which are covered with everlasting mists, in order to enrich geography with important observations and discoveries. After the immortal name of Cook, came those of William Smith (1818), of Lieutenant Barnsfield, of the Russian officers Bellinghausen and Lazareff (1819), of Botwell (1820), of Weddell and Palmer (1822), of Biscoe (1830), and of Balleny (1839). It is to these navigators, some commissioned by the government of the nations to which they belong, and others who were simply whalers or seal-catchers, that we owe the successive discoveries of New South Shetland, the New Orkneys, Palmer and Trinity lands, the islands of Peter and Alexander, Enderby land, Adelaide island, Graham's land, and the islands of Biscoe and Balleny. Three voyages in the southern circumpolar seas, those of Dumont-d'Urville, of Captain James Clarke Ross, and of the American Lieutenant Wilkes, deserve particular notice. The French expedition under the command of Captain Dumont-d'Urville, after a careful exploration of the straits of Magellan, proceeded in 1838 towards the icy regions, and was stopped by an iceberg in latitude 64 S. The two vessels endeavoured to overcome the obstacles which opposed their progress, but they were blockaded by the ice during five successive days, and only secured their safety by a sudden change of the wind to the south, and the immediate efforts of the crews, who cleared their way through the immense blocks of ice with which they were surrounded. Sailing in a different direction, they discovered Louis Philippe's land; and returning northward, Captain d'Urville visited agreeably to his instructions the islands of Juan Fernandez, Marquesas, Tahiti, Samoa, Vavaoo, Hapaee, and Feejee. He then touched at the islands of Sir J. Banks, Vanikoro, Solomon, Carolines, and others, and arrived at the hospitable port of Guam. He then sailed through the great Asiatic Archipelago, and explored the banks of New Guinea, Australia, and the isles of Sunda; he made the tour of Borneo and made a short stay at Hobart Town in Tasmania. In January, 1840, the vessels of the same expedition, L'Astrolabe and La Zelee sailed again towards the icy regions of the south, and swept over the immense space from 120° to 170° E., which had not hitherto been fully explored by navigators. Having discovered some land and coasts which they supposed to belong to the yet undiscovered antarctic continent, they returned to New Zealand, and explored its coasts, and those of the islands of Louisiade, New Guinea, including the dangerous reefs of Torres Straits. The object of the expedition, under Captain Ross, was to investigate the problem of the antarctic continent of which d'Urville was considered to have seen the shores. He sailed for this purpose, with the Erebus and Terror under his command, and early in 1840, he discovered land in latitude 70947 S., and longitude 174 56' E., consisting of a collection of peaked mountains varying from 9,000 to 12,000 feet in height covered with snow, and surrounded with immense masses of ice which jutted into the ocean like huge promontories. Ar island discovered in the vicinity of this land, was called Victoria. In latitude 76° 8' S., and longitude 170° 32′ E., they discovered another island; and next day they beheld a mountain 12,400 feet high, belching forth, at an immense elevation, flames and smoke; to this volcano, they gave the name of Mount Erebus. Having reached latitude 78° 4′ S., the farthest south point yet reached in the antarctic ocean, the expedition proceeded on its way in a retrograde direction, coasting as it were the land first discovered, it being impossible to get on shore on account of the ice in which it was enveloped. It was thus ascertained that this land extended in latitude from 70° S. to 79° S.; and it was named Victoria's Land. A second voyage of Captain Ross was fruitless; and a third ended in the discovery of a small volcanic island in latitude 64° 12' S., and in longitude 54° 29′ W. The expedition of Wilkes, the American navigator above mentioned was practically useless; as it was proved that his claim to the discovery of the antarctic continent, could not be supported even by the testimony of his own officers. Recent attempts to penetrate into the land around the south pole have proved unsuccessful. Sing. LESSONS IN LATIN.-No. XXIIL IMPERFECT. PRESENT. Sing. Plural. THE THIRD CONJUGATION. Infinitive. légeris legáris légere or légitor Sing. Plural. PERFECT. I. FUTURE. Sing. Plural. legebáris (e) legeréris legemur legémini VOCABULARY. Curae mihi est, it is an object of care to me, or I take pains that; detěgo, detegere, detexi, detectum 3, I uncover, detect, lay open; que, and, it comes after the word, as voluptasque; conspicio, conspicere, con spexi, conspectum 3, I behold; educo 3, I lead out; quidam. quaedam, quoddam, certain; societas, átis, f. relationship (E. R. society); vis, scarcely; pie, piously, religiously; contemno, contemnere, contempsi, contemptum 3, I despise, contemn; probe, honestly, excellently; dives, divitis, rich, a rich man; divitiae, arum, pl. f. riches; honos, óris, m. honour; schola, ae, f. a school; scriptor, óris, m. a writer (E. R. scripture); quoad, adv. as long as. EXERCISES.-LATIN-ENGLISH. Pater curat ut ego strenue excolar; curo ut puer bene excolatur; pater curabat ut puer bene excoleretur; curae mihi est ut a te diligar; conjuratio Catilinae a Cicerone detecta est; tria bella atrocissima gesta sunt inter Romanos et Carthaginienses; labor voluptasque naturali quadam societate inter se juncta sunt; multae urbes ab hostibus combustae sunt; vix hostes conspecti erant quum milites a duce e castris in aciem educti sunt; metuebamus ne urbs ab hostibus obsidione cincta esset; Deus pie colitor; leges divinae ne contemnuntor; sapientes semper ratione regi student; pueri probe excolendi sunt; ne vincitor cupiditatibus; non eris dives nisi divitiae a te contemptae erunt! contemnens voluptates, diligĕris; quoad literis honos erit, Graeci et Latini Scriptores in scholis legentur. ENGLISH-LATIN. My mind will be cultivated; my brother's mind has been culti vated; if thy mind is well cultivated, thou wilt be loved; riches are despised by the wise; riches will be despised by me; riches will have been despised by my father; let riches be despised by thee, my son; he strives (studet) to be governed by reason; the boy must be well cultivated; let the boy be well cultivated; I have taken care that pleasures should be despised by my children; the Latin writers are read in my school; if thou livest well, thou wilt he Participle, loved by good men; I fear riches will (may) not be despised by thee; many wars have been carried on by the English; the city was burnt by the army. legendus lectum PLUPERFECT. Sing. Plural. Sing. Plural. INSTANCES.-In this way conjugate in full, agor, agi, actuin esse, I am driven; regor, regi, rectum esse, I am ruled; and dividor, dividi, divisum esse, I am divided. PRESENT. Sing. Plural. Plural. audiet audiemus audiétis audivi audivit audi(v)erim audi(v){sse audivimus audi(v)érimus audi(v)istis audi(v)éritis audi(v)erint audi(v) Essem audito)eras audi(v)erat audi(visset audi(v)issimus audi(v)issétis audi(v)erámus audi(v)erátis audi(v)issent |