4. The following adjectives, reach their regimen through one's country? 29. It is glorious to live and to die for one's prepositions different in French and English :—

Amoureux de, in love Mécontent de, displeased Propre à, fit for

with

Chéri de, beloved by
Content de, pleased with
Désolé de, grieved for
Faché de, sorry for

with
Reconnaissant de, grate-
ful for

Rempli de, filled with
Bon à, good for

Inquiet de, uneasy about Cruel à, cruel towards
Ivre de, intoxicated with Exact à, exact in

Rebelle à, rebellious to-
wards

Bon pour, kind towards
Insolent avec, insolent
towards

Poli envers, polite to.

Je l'en ai remplie.
est très facile de blâmer les It is very easy to blame the actims
actions d'autrui.
of others.

Il est glorieux de mourir pour sa It is glorious to die for one's country.
patrie.

Il est plus agréable de voyager en été qu'en hiver,

country. 30. Have you filled the inkstand (encrier) with it? 31. I have filled it with it. 32. Would it not be necessary to pull up all those trees? 33. It would not be necessary to pull them all up, for my garden is very large. 34. Henry the Fourth (quatre) was beloved by his people.

SECTION LXXIX.

GOVERNMENT OF PREPOSITIONS, ETC. (§ 139.)

1. Some prepositions govern the nouns which follow them without the aid of other prepositions. Avant, before (at an earlier period), [§ 142 (1), devant, before (opposite place), [§ 142 (1)], derrière, behind; chez, at the house of; concernant, touching; excepté, except; outre, besides; selon, according to; voici, here is; voilà, there is, &c. [§ 139 (1)].

2. Others, being rather prepositional phrases, govern their object by means of the preposition de:-hors de, out of; loin de, far from; à fleur de, even with; à force de, by dint of; à l'égard de, with regard to; à l'insu de, w thout the knowledge of, unknown to; à raison de, at the rate of; au deça de, this way of; au delà de, that way of [§ 139, 2].

3. Others take à-quant à, as far; jusqu'à, as far as, [§ 139, 3].

&c.

4. Two or more verbs, adjectives, or prepositions may in French have a regimen in common, provided they govern in It is more agreeable to travel in sum- the same manner or case :mer than in winter. We love and praise our children.

Anbergiste, m. innkeeper.

wood.

Chagriné, e, vexed.

Encre, f ink.

Nettoy-er, 1. to clean,
Peuple, m. people.
Pommier, m apple-tree.
Prunier, m. plum-tree.

Fend-re, 4. to cleare, split Koi, m, king.

Gloire, f. glory.

Liberté, f liberty.

Sci-er, 1. to saw.
Tonneau, cask.

1. Ce héros n'etait-il pas amoureux de la liberté et de la gloire? 2. Il en était amoureux. 3. Ce roi n'était-il pas chéri de son peuple? 4. Il en était chéri. 5. Ces négociants ne sont-ils pas contents de leur achat? 6. Ils n'en sont pas conThat man is useful to and loved by his family-I write to and retents. 7. N'êtes-vous pas chagriné de ne pouvoir nous accomWe must say :pagner? 8. J'en suis désolé. 9. Savez-vous de quoi l'au-ceve letters from my brother-To be exposed to or sheltered from 10. It l'a rempli de vin. 11, the rain. bergiste a rempli ce tonneau ? De quoi ferez-vous remplir certe bouteille, quand vous l'aurez Cet homme est utile à sa famille, 13. N'étesfait nettoyer? 12. Elle est déjà remplie d'encre. vous pas bien fâché d'avoir fait abattre vos pommiers? 14. J'en suis bien content, car ils n'étaient bons à rien. 15. N'estil pas nécessaire de faire arracher ces pruniers? 16. Il n'est 17. Est-il possible de pas nécessaire de les faire arracher. fendre ce morceau de bois? 18. Il est possible de le fendre. 19. Etes-vous exact à nettoyer vos habits? 20. J'y suis très exact. 21. De quoi avez-vous rempli votre bourse ? 22. Je l'ai remplie d'argent. 23. Est-il nécessaire de faire scier votre bois-à-brûler? 24. Il est nécessaire de le faire scier. 25. N'êtes-vous pas reconnaissant des services qu'on vous rend? 26. J'en suis très reconnaissant.

EXERCISE 156.

j'en reçois de lui.

Etre exposé à la pluie, ou en être

à l'abri,

ceive some from him.

To be exposed to the rain, or to be

sheltered from it.

Utile and aimé, écrire and recevoir, exposé and à l'abri, take different regimens.

1. Are you not grieved with having lost your money? 2. I am vexed that I have lost my purse. 3. With what will you fill that bottle? 4. I will have it filled with ink. 5. Is it not necessary to have our wood sawed? 6. It is necessary to have our fire-wood sawed. 7. Your garden is too small, is it not necessary to have some plum-trees pulled out? 8. It is necessary to have some plum-trees cut down. 9. Have you filled your friend's purse with silver? 10. I have filled it with gold. Je les ai recontrés derrière votre jardin 12. They are all 11. Are all your bottles filled with wine? Vous avez acheté cette terre à filled with ink. 13. Are you sorry to have filled your bottles l'insu de votre père. with ink? 14. I am glad to have filled them with ink, for I J'ai payé ce jardinier à raison de want ink. 15. Are you pleased with this book? pleased with it. 17. Is that land good for anything? 18. It is good for nothing. 19. Is that lady beloved by her children? 20. She is beloved by her friends and by her children. 21. Are 22. I am grateful for them. you grateful for those services? 23. Is it not possible to split that piece of wood? 24. It is not possible to split it. 25. Is it agreeable to travel in winter? 26. It is not so agreeable to travel in winter as in summer. 27. It is easy to blame others. 28. Is it not glorious to die for

Have you placed them upon the table?
I have placed them under.

I have put them under the chair or

upon it.

They lived behind our house.

I have rented a back room.
We occupy the front of the house.

I met them behind your garden.
You have bought that estate without
the knowledge of your futher.
paid the gardener at the rate of two
francs per day.

I

1. N'avez-vous pas fermé la porte de devant? 2. Nous l'avons fermée, mais nous n'avons pas fermé la porte de der-pound. rière. 3. Qui est arrivé avant moi? 4. Le monsieur qui est assis devant la fenêtre. 5. Qui demeure derrière votre maison? 6. Il n'y a point de maison derrière la nôtre. 7. Ne pensezvous pas qu'à force de travailler, il s'enrichira? S. Je ne crois pas qu'il s'enrichisse, s'il vend ses marchandises à si bon marché. 9. Apprend-il la musique à l'insu de ses parents? 10. Il l'apprend à leur insu. 11. Vous êtes vous marié à l'insu de votre sœur? 12. Je me suis marié à son insu. 13. Notre ami n'est pas dans la maison, il est dehors. 14. Il n'est pas hors de la ville, il est dedans. 15. Avez-vous de l'argent sur vous? 16. Je n'ai pas d'argent sur moi. 17. Demeurezvous sur le derrière ou sur le devant de la maison ? 18. Nous demeurons sur le devant. 19. La cuisinière a-t-elle mis les assiettes sur la table ou dessous? 20. Elles a mis les assiettes, les plats, les cuillères et les fourchettes sur la table. 21. Combien ces pommes-de-terre vous coûtent-elles? 22. Je les ai achetées à raison de cinq francs l'hectolitre. 23. Avez vous fait réparer le dedans ou le dehors de la maison? 24. J'ai fait réparer l'intérieur et l'extérieur.

languages, words originally denoted material objects and their operations. Hence we learn that civilisation began at the lowest end of its scale. Colo, the root of which is found in the Greek, as in the term bucolics, or songs on rural topics, has reference primarily to the operations of husbandmen. It is a word belonging to the farm, and relates generally to the care and labour bestowed on it. Accordingly, it (culture) is found in the compound term agriculture, or field-tilling. In general, then, colere has for its primitive meaning, the idea of working or tilling the land-a farm, a field, a garden. But those who till the land, live on the land; and so colere came to mean to occupy the land, to dwell in the country; and, in a wider sense, to dwell generally. Care is another idea involved in agriculture. Consequently, colere means to care for. But you may care for a person as well as for a thing; and you show your care for a person by attention, by love, by respect; the highest attention rises into homage and even worship; and thus colere, which in its birth signifies to till a piece of ground, in its full development signifies to adore the Almighty. After this verbal genealogy, let no one be led astray by the fancy of Hamilton, that words have but one meaning. Every word has a root-meaning, and that root-meaning may, with care and skill, be traced in all its secondary applications. But those applications are various and numerous. I shall give instances of the several applications of the verb colo, leaving you to translate them with the aid of a vocabulary.

1. To till.

APPLICATIONS OF COLO, I till.

"Villicus agri colendi causâ est constitutus."-Varro. Agri non omnes frugiferi sunt qui coluntur."-Cicero. 2. To inhabit.

"Urbem, mi Rufe, cole et in istâ luce vive."-Cicero. "Homines qui has nobiscum terras colunt."-Cicero.

3. To care for.

Jupiter, qui genus colis alisque hominum."-Plautus.

5

3

2

4

6

Ingenuas pectus coluisse per artes, cura sit."-Ovid.

V.

Sper-n-o, spernere, sprevi, spretum, to despise. vi. Ster-n-o, sternere, stravi, stratum, to spread out (E. R. stratum).

Hither may be referred the following in sco:

vii. Cre-s-co, crescere, crevi, cretum, to grow; so, accrescere, to increase; excrescere, to grow out; recrescere, to grow again; concrescere, to grow together; the other compounds want the supine.

viii. No-sc-o, noscere, novi (notus as an adjective), to become the same manner internosco, to distinguish; ignoscere, to paracquainted with. Nosco has no participle future active. After don; pernoscere, to learn thoroughly; praenoscere, to learn beforehand. But agnoscere (part. fut. act. agnoturus), precog noscere, recognoscere, form the supine in itum, as recognitum. ix. Pa-sc-o, pascere, pavi, pastum, to feed.

xi.

x. Quie-sc-o, quiescere, quievi, quietum, to take rest.
Sci-sc-o, sciscere, scivi, scitum, to enquire.
xii. Sue-sc-o, suescere, suevi, suetum, to grow accustomed to.
VOCABULARY.

Decernere, to resolve, decree; secernere, to separate; inserere, to sow in; oblinere, to besmear, defile; prosternere, to cast down, prostrate; consternere, to astound; substernere, to lay under; importare, to bring in, import; concionari, to address the people; invidia, ae, f. envy, hatred; vinea, ae, f. a vine; butyrum, i, n. butter; comitia, orum, n. the public assembly of the people; messis, is, f. the harvest; obtrectatio, ónis, f. blame, reproach; venustas, átis, f. agreeableness, loveliness; corporeus, a, um, crorporeal, belonging to the body; edo, edere, edi, esum 3, to eat.

EXERCISES.-LATIN-ENGLISH.

Insita est nobis corporis nostri caritas; ibi messis non est, ubi satum non est; omne quod erat concretum atque corporeum Deus substravit animo; vitâ tuâ malevolorum obtrectationes et invidias prostravisti; imperator Probus Aureum montem apud Moesiam vineis consevit; praelio commisso, omnia longe lateque telis, armis, cadaveribus constrata erant; sceleratum hominem conscientia spretae virtutis exagitat; dic cur consilium meum sprevěris; audi, puer, mater te rogat cur panem butyro oblitum oblitus sis edere; displicit qui se externís moribus oblevit; rem dubiam decrevit vox opportuna emissa; Venustas et pulchritudo corporis secreta

"Nihil mihi unquam gratuis accidit quam quod meam Tulliam non est a valetudine; Cato concionatus est; Cato negavit se suavissimei et diligentissime coluisti."-Cicero.

"Quid est cur deos ab hominibus colendos dicas, quum dii non modo
homines non colant sed omnino nihil curent ?"-Cicero.
"Hos dcos et venerari et colere debemus."-Cicero."

VOCABULARY TO THE EXAMPLES OF COLO.
Villicus, i, m. a steward, bailiff; frugifer, era, erum, fruit-bearing;
victus, ûs, m. food, victuals; observo 1, pay attention to; after
amare, supply, te; parendum est. tibi, you must be obeyed; quod
jubes, as you command.

i.

DEVIATIONS IN THE THIRD CONJUGATION.
3. Perfect in vi; Supine in tum.

The stem of the present is strengthened by n or r.
Li-n-o, linere, levi, litum, to besmear.

ii. Si-n-o, sinere, sivi, situm, to allow, permit.
iii. Se-r-o, serere, sevi, satum, to sow, plant. The com-
pounds have situm; as, consero, conserere, consevi, consituin.
In the following the er of the present undergoes inversion,
thus, cre becomes cer.

iv. Cer-n-o, cernere (crevi, cretum only in compounds), to separate, determine.

The love of our children is planted in our breasts; they despised my counsel; my counsel was despised by them; I will despise no one's counsel; my boy, butter thy bread; my bread, mother, has been buttered; he has determined not to follow thee; I shall determine quickly what to do (what I may do); they will defile themselves with bad morals; the good must be separated from the bad; I have separated the boys from the girls; the young have been separated by thee from the old; Cieero will speak in the public assembly; the consul declares that he will allow the Comitia to be held; the power of Britain has wonderfully increased under Victoria (Victoria reigning, abl. absolute); our friendship will grow with our age; after labour, the mind takes rest gladly (libens).

LESSONS IN GERMAN.-No. XXV.
SECTION XLVI.

Sich erinnern corresponds, in signification, to the English verb "remember." Ex.: Er erinnert sich meiner (§ 126.); he remembers me (literally, he remembers himself of me.) Ich erinnere mich jener schönen Zeit; I remember (remind myself of) that sweet time. In referring to a thing already learned, the verb „behalten," to keep, to retain, is generally used. Ex.: Ich kann die Wörter nicht (im Gedächtniß) behalten; I cannot retain or remember (keep in memory) the words. Er kann nicht lernen, weil er die Regela nicht behält; he cannot learn, because he does not retain (remember) the rules.

I. The dative of a personal pronoun is frequently used in stead of a possessive pronoun. Ex.: Ich habe mir in den Finger geschnitten; I have cut my finger (I have to me in the finger cut.) 6 gab es mir in tie hante; he gave it into my hands (he gave it to me in the hands.)

II. The phrases es fällt schwer, or" es hält schwer." are nearly the accusative. Ex.: Gr bedarf or braucht das Geld; he needs or synonymous, and signify "to be hard, to be difficult." Ex.: wants money. Diesent armen Manne fällt es schwer, zu betteln; it is hard (it comes hard) for this poor man to beg. Es hielt schwer, ihn zu beruhigen; it was difficult to pacify him.

1. Können Sie sich des Tages meiner Ankunft nicht mehr erinnern? 2. ja, ich erinnere mich desselben noch sehr gut. 3. Es giebt viele Menschen, die sich lieber ihrer schlechten, als ihrer guten Eigenschaften erinnern. 4. Es hielt schwer, ihn von der Wahrheit dieser Erzählurg zu überzeugen. 5. Es hält zuweilen schwer etwas zu glauben, was wir nicht begreifen können. 6. Es fällt dem armen, aber fleißigen Manne schwer, die Hülfe fremder Leute in Anspruch nehmen zu müssen. 7. Die englische Sprache fällt mir schwerer, als die französische. 8. Bei seinem Gelde, seinen Verwandten und seinen Kenntnissen, fiel es ihm nicht schwer, eine eben so gute, als angenehme Stelle zu finden. 9. Warum lernt Ihr Bruder so viel schneller, als Sie. 10. Weil er ein besseres Gerächtniß hat und die Wörter besser behalten kann. 11. Können Sie sich nicht mehr erinnern, wem Sie die Bücher und das Papier gegeben haben? 12. 3ch kann mich defen nicht mehr erinnern. 13. Der Faulenzer behält die Regeln nicht.

weil er dieselben nicht gründlich lernt und lieber spielt als arbeitet. 14. Der Diebstahl ist ein Verbrechen. 15. Er drückte tem armen Manne einen Thaler in die Hand. 16. In der Ferne erinnern wir uns gern ter Freunte. 17. Junge Leute tragen zuweilen Brillen, um gelehrt auszusehen 1. Do you remember the day of the arrival of your friend? 2. Yes, I remember the day very well. 3. Most people remember the years of their youth with pleasure. 4. There are many who remember their follies with shame. 5. It is difficult to remember every rule of a language. 6. It is not so difficult to convince a learned as an unlearned man 7. Is it difficult to submit to the destinies of life? 8. Yes, it is very difficult; but the thinking man conquers them. 9. Can you not remember to whom you have lent my book? 10. No, I cannot remember.

11. To lie is a sin.

SECTION XLVII.

men- Regiment',
ment;

EXERCISE 51.
Altersschwäche, f. de- Erwäh'nen, to
crepitude;
Bedürfen, to need, Gefälligkeit, f.

want;
Bekümmern, to grieve,
trouble;
Bereu'en, to repent,
regret ;
Beschei'den,
rate;

conside

Bitte, f. request, pe-
tition;

Californien, n. Cali-
fornia;
Chelera, f. cholera;
Dann, then;
Dumm, stupid;
Entlich, at length;
Entbeh'ren, to be in

want of, dispense
with;

tion:

N.

regi.

com: Sehnsucht, f. longing; plaisance, kind- denen, to spare;

ness;

Harren, to hope, wait
for;
Hierfür', for this, for
it;
Jammern, to distress,

grieve;
Längst, long since
(ago);

Seit, n. pain, sorrow;

Spotten, to

mock,

scoff at; Sterben, to die; trenge, severely: Ueberfte'hen, to overcome, endure; Unentbehrlich, indispensable; Unleid'lich, insufferable;

Lohnen, to reward; Un'wahrheit, f. false-
Nachlässigkeit, f. negli- hood;
to repri-

gence, remissness; Verwei'sen,
Neve, f. speech, mand;
harangue;
Regieren, to govern,
rule;

Berür'fen Sie noch ferner meiner
Dienste ?

Ja, mein Herr! ich betars' nech et.

was Geld, denn ich entbeh're selbst
(Sect. 63. I.) ter nothwendigsten
Lebensmittel.

Der'jenige, ter ein Vergnü'gen nicht
entbel'ren kann, zeigt, daß er nicht
versteht, dasselbe zu genießen.

Ich würde seiner gar nicht erwäh'nen,

wenn er nicht mein Verwant'ter
wäre.

Genic'ße des Lebens, aber mit
Ebren!

Sie jammern mich, und Ihres Kin.
des jammert mich.
Vergessen Sie meiner nicht;
Ich vergaß meinen Bleistift, geben
Sie mir einen Augenblick den
Ihrigen.

Wahrnehmen, to ob

serve;

Zulegt, at last.
Are you still further in need of
my assistance?
Yes, sir; I still need some

money, for I am in want even
of the most necessary pro-
visions.

He that cannot dispense with a pleasure, shows that he does not know how to enjoy it (the same).

I would by no means speak of him, if he were not my relative.

Enjoy (the) life, but with honour!

You distress me, and your child distresses me.

Do not forget me!

I forgot my pencil; give me

yours a moment.

1. Wer alte Leute nicht achtet, ist nicht werth, selbst geachtet zu werden 2. Wenn man jeter Rede achten wollte, hätte man sich um viele Sachen zu befümmern. 3. Der Dumine entbehrt nicht eines stolzen Betragens, sondern des Verstantes. 4. Wer wird sich meiner annehmen, wenn ich verlassen bin? 5. Wenn er seine Fehler bereut, so will ich ihrer auch nicht mehr gebenken. 6. Ich würde noch viel mehr Sachen betürfen, wenn ich nicht gewohnt wäre, die Gegenstände zu entbehren, die (Sect. 22. III.) viele Leute für unentbehrlich halten. 7. Der General erwähnte ihres Sohnes, als einen ter tapfersten Männer in seinen Regimentern. 8. Ge währe meine Bitte, o Herr! und schüße mich vor meinen Feinten. 9. Ge. tenfe meiner Bitte. 10. Nichts ist unleitlicher, als auf Semanten lange zu harren, der zulest gar nicht kommt. 11. Långst schon harrte ich Ihrer mit Sehnsucht, als ich Sie entlich kommen sah. 12. Jammert rich nicht Some verbs in German govern the genitive, ($125) while tes Rintes, das verlassen auf der Straße läuft? 13. Wenn den Fürsten those in English of corresponding signification require the ob- tas Volk jammern würte, so würde er anders regieren. 14. Aber das Belk jective. Ex.: Gerente meiner; remember me (or, think of me.) wird ihn hierfür noch lohnen und dann seiner nicht schonen. 15. Es könnte Ich achte seiner nicht; I do not regard (notice) him. Er bedarf or braucht des Gelces; he needs (wants) money. Er denkt or getenkt wohl der Mühe lohnen, nach Californien zu reisen. 16 Ich würde gern meiner; he thinks of me. Er erwähnte unser; he mentioned diese Kleider schenen, wenn ich andere hätte. 17. 3ch wünsche keines antern (spoke of) us. Wir genießen des Lebens; we enjoy life. Das Haus | Tores zu sterben, als den Tod der Altersschwäche. 18. Vergiß meine Worte entbehrt des Baters; the house lacks (misses) the father (master.) nicht. 19. Vergiß der überstandenen Leiden, aber vergiß nicht die genossenen Der Unglückliche harrt besserer Zeiten; the unfortunate (waits for) Freuben. 20. Wenn die Fürsten könnten, so schonten sie weter der Freiheit, expects better times. Schonet mein ($ 57. 1.); spare me. potten meiner, Prinz; you mock me, Prince! Bergeffe meiner nicht; orget me not. Er pilegt seines Vaters; he nurses (takes care of) Mis father.

VERBS GOVERNING THE GENITIVE.