or west of Egypt. They were famed Apostles, Luke principally gives us archers, and assisted Pharaoh-necho the history of Paul, whom he so against the Chaldeans; but soon af-much attended. Nothing in the ter, by the ravage of their country, New Testament is purer Greek than paid dear for their pains, Jer. xlvi. the language of Luke, and it is ad9. Ezek. xxx. 5. The gospel was mirably adapted to history. here preached very early by some of the Jews, Isa. lxvi. 19. but in Nubia, we scarcely know of the smallest vestiges of Christianity at present.

LUHITH, a boarded floor, a town in the land of Moab, probably built on a hill, and between Ar and Zoar, and certainly ravaged by the Assyrians and Chaldeans, Isa. xv. 5. Jer. xlviii. 5.

LUKEWARM, neither cold nor hot: the professed Christians of Laodicea were so termed, because they neither wholly disregarded Christ and his cause, nor were they zealous in loving him and promoting his honour; and therefore were loathsome to him, Rev. iii. 16. To be lukewarm in the service of God, is to be ungrateful for the greatest benefits; to be indifferent in the best of causes; to be insensible to the greatest of privileges, and to be in a fair way to apostacy, final impenitency, and eternal ruin. From this evil, "Good Lord, deliver us."

LUMP, a piece of clay, dough, or a bunch of figs, 2 Kings xx. 7.To it are likened, (1.) All mankind, who have all the same earthly and sinful nature, Rom. ix. 21. (2.) The Jews descending from holy parents, Rom. ix. 16. (3.) A particular congregation or church, 1 Cor. v. 6.

LUKE, or LUCAS, rising to him, or luminous, the evangelist; a native of Antioch in Syria, and by profession a physician. Whether he was a Jew or Gentile, or whether he was the same as Lucius the kinsman of Paul, Rom. xvi. 21. or whether he was converted by Paul at Antioch, or did at first meet with him at Troas, we know not. His mention of himself as Paul's companion, begins at Troas; and after that, he often mentions himself as travelling with him, Acts xvi. &c. compare Col. iv. 14. Philem. 23. 2 LUNATIC, a person affected with Tim. iv. 11. Luke wrote the his- some distemper influenced by the tory of Christ's life, and the his-moon, such as the epilepsy, deep tory of the ACTs of the Apostles, melancholy, madness, &c. or it deand directed them both to one Theo- notes a person possessed by the dephilus, who it seems was one of vil. They are often worst at the new his Christian friends. In his history of and full of the moon. Perhaps Satan Christ, he relates a great many cir- rendered the persons he possessed cumstances of his, and his harbinger worse at these times, that the moon John Baptist's birth and private life, might be reckoned the cause of the which are not mentioned by Mat- malady.-Our Saviour healed divers thew and Mark, who are generally, lunatics, Matt. iv. 24. and xvii. 5. though uncertainly, thought to have LURK, to hide one's self. Wickwritten their gospel before him. He ed men lurk to do mischief, when also records a variety of incidents and they use secret and crafty methods parables of Jesus's public life omitted to oppress and ruin the righteous, by them. Nor is his order always the poor, or the innocent, Prov. i. the same with theirs: the reason of 11. Psal. x. 8.

which is, either that Jesus repeated To LUST, is earnestly to desire, or reacted similar things, on differ- Deut. xii. 15. The Spirit lusteth ent occasions; or that the Holy against the flesh, and the flesh against Ghost, in these histories, doth not the Spirit. The Holy Ghost in the always intend to inform us of the saints, earnestly opposes and aims at order, but of the facts that were the ruin of indwelling corruption; really done. In his Acts of the and sin earnestly opposes every in K

VOL. II.

clination proceeding from God. Cor- the Loussa or Lysa in Arabia, which ruption of nature is called lust, as it was perhaps the Lasha, where the Castrongly inclines us to evil, James i. naanites had their south-east border, 14, 15. 2 Pet. i. 4. Rom. vii. 7.—and seems to have stood near the south This general lust is distinguished into point of the Dead Sea, we know not, the lusts of the flesh, such as unclean Judges i. 25, 26. Gen. x. 19. desire of carnal pleasure, intemperate LYBIA. See LIBYA. desire of liquor, or food, Gal. v. 17. LYCAONIA, a she wolf, a pro1 Pet. ii. 11. 2 Pet. ii. 10. Psa. lxxviii. vince of Lesser Asia, having Cappa18. and the lust of the mind, such docia on the east, Galicia on the north, as pride, covetousness, unbelief, and Phrygia on the west, and Pisidia on attachment to all pharisaic works, the south. Lystra, Derbe, and Ico&c. Eph. ii. 3. 1 Pet. iv. 2. These nium, were cities of this province. lusts are ungodly, unlike God, and They seem to have had a corrupt mightily tend to dishonour him, Jude Greek for their language. Christian 18. are devilish, of Satan's implanta- churches were here planted by PAUL tion, instigated by him, and render and Barnabas, which continued of men like him, John viii. 44. they some note till the country was overwar against the grace of God, and run by the Saracens, Acts xiv. 6, even among themselves, James iv. 11, 18.

1. 1 Pet. ii. 11. are deceitful lusts, LYCIA, a province of Lesser Asia, imposing on ourselves, and making having Caria on the west, the Meus to deceive others, Eph. iv. 22. diterranean Sea northward of Syria are insatiable, as the more one fulfils on the south, and Pamphylia on the them, they require the more, Isa. north-east. It anciently contained Ivii. 10. Eccl. i. 3. are worldly, as about 23 cities, and sundry other they reign in worldly men, and relate large towns; the chief were Telto the things of the world, Tit. ii. 12. messus, Patara, Myra, Olympus, and are former lusts to the saints, as they Phaselis. The Lycians were a colohave mortified them, 1 Pet. i. 14. ny of the Cretans, and were famed Gal. v. 24. are of the flesh, whether for equity in more ancient times; but of the taste, smell, or touch; of the about 60 years before our Saviour's eye, in whatever is grand, new, or birth, many of them on the sea-coast beautiful; the pride of life, all that exercised piracy, Acts xxvii. 5. pomp in clothes, houses, furniture, LYDDA, a pool of standing waequipage, and manner of living, ter, or LOD, was built by Shamed which generally procure honour from the son of Elpaal, and stood about 14 the bulk of mankind. These are not miles north-east from Joppa, and 32 of God, but are directly opposed to westward from Jerusalem. It behim, 1 John ii. 16. They are hurt-longed to the Ephraimites, but af ful, as they pierce men through with ter the Chaldean captivity, the Benmany sorrows, outrageously burn in jamites inhabited it, 1 Chron. viii. them, waste their constitution, and 12. Neh. xi. 35. In the time of drown them in perdition, 1 Tim. vi. the Maccabees, the country of Lyd9, 10. Rom. i. 27. da was taken from Samaria, and LUZ, an almond, a departure, se-added to Judea. At Lydda, Peter paration, or a bending. The most miraculously healed Eneas of a palsy ancient Luz was called BETHEL; but that had for eight years confined him a Canaanitish inhabitant of it being to his bed; which was a blessed saved alive for discovering to the mean of turning many to the ChrisHebrews a secret entrance into the ci-tian faith; and here a church conty, he and his family retired into the tinued till the Saracens ruined it. land of the Hittites, and built an- There was a college of the Jews at other city called Luz. But whether Lydda, which produced many celethis was the Luza near Shechem, or brated doctors.

LYDIA, a pool of standing water, mirth and laughter, and deceive the (1.) A woman who had been born in hearer, only to please and divert Thyatira, but was a seller of purple- him. This God reckons among the dye, or purple silks, in Philippi. sins of the children of Israel, Hos. Whether she was a Jewess or Gen-viii. 3. (2.) There is an officious tile, we know not; but she and her lie, which is told for another's adfamily being converted to, and bap-vantage. But we are not to do tized in the Christian faith, Paul, evil that good may come, Rom. iii. upon her entreaty, lodged in her 8. (3.) There is a pernicious lie; a house, Acts xvi. 14, 15, 40. (2.) lie devised on purpose for the hurt of A country in Asia, and another in another, which is the most heinous of Africa. See LUD. all. It shows a heart full of malice,

LYING. To tell a lie, is to speak when this passion works out at the an untruth, known to be such, with mouth in slanderous reports, and an intent to deceive. And there false accusations. Liars are said to fore in a lie there must be these three be of their father the devil, John viii. ingredients: (1.) There must be the and all those who live in the habit speaking of an untruth; (2.) It must of lying, will have their part in the be known to be an untruth; (3.) It must lake that burneth with fire and brimbe spoken with an intent to deceive. stone, Rev. xxi. 8. Hence it appears, that every untruth LYSTRA, dissolving, or dispersis not a lie, because the person who ing, was a city of Lycaonia; but speaks it may not know at the time some think it rather pertained to but what it is true. Isauria. Here Timothy was born; Nor is it a proof that a man is guil-here Paul and Barnabas healed a man ty of lying, if he act contrary to his who had been lame from his birth, former declaration, if circumstances and were taken for Mercury and Jurequire it, Gen. xix. 2. John xiii. 8. piter; here Paul some years after conLies are of three kinds : (1.) There firmed the Christians, Acts xiv. 6, is a jocular lie; a lie framed to excite 18. and xvi. 1.

M

M

MA A

MAA AACHAH, pressed down, worn, 14. Josh. xii. 5. As the Maachathor fastened, the son of Nahor, by ites assisted the Ammonites against his concubine Reumah, Gen. xxii. 24. David, he no doubt subdued their Some will have him to be the father of country, 2 Sam. x. 8, 9. (2.) Maathe Makati in Arabia the Happy, and chah, or Michaiah: she is called the imagine the city Maca, near the daughter of Abishalom, and of Uriel, straits of Ormus on the east, or Mo- which possibly were but different cha on the south coast, may have names for the same person: or she been called by his name. I rather might be the daughter of Uriel, who think he was the father of the Maa- married Tamar the daughter of Abchathites, who inhabited a small salom. She was the wife of Ketract on the east of the springs of hoboam, and grandmother of king Jordan, called Maachah, Machathi, Asa. As she was a noted idolater, or Bethmaachah, as this country was and perhaps debased herself to be not far distant from Nahor's country the priestess of the obscene idol of Padan-aram, and hereabout the Priapus, Asa stripped her of what aurest of Nahor's posterity dwelt. It thority she had, broke to pieces her was, perhaps, a regard to kindred that idol, stamped it under foot, and burnt made the Hebrews spare the Maa- it at the brook Kidron, 1 Kings xv. chathites and Geshurites, Deut. iii. 2. 2 Chron. xiii. 2. and xv. 16......

MAALEH ACRABBIM, the as- to the poor saints at Jerusalem, cent of Acrabbim, so called as some in a liberal supply of the apostle think, for the multitude of serpents, Paul, and in a zealous dedication of and scorpions, that frequented that themselves to the service of Christ place. Acrabbim is probably the Acts xvi. 9-40. and xvii. 1-14. same as Acrabatane in the land of 2 Cor. viii. 1-5. and xi. 8, 9. NotEdom, which I suppose was a part of withstanding the ravages of the Goths, mount Hor, and is now called Ac- Bulgars, and others, and the terrible caba, hangs over Elath, and was the oppression of the Ottoman Turks, black mountain of Ptolemy. Over Christianity, though in a poor conthis mountain there is a steep rug-dition, remains here till this day. ged path, Numb. xxxiv. 4. Josh. xv. 3.

and Sheresh: he had also a daughter married to one Hezron, of the tribe of Judah, who bare Segub, the father of Jair, who had 23 cities in the land of Gilead, and took Geshuri, Aram, &c. from the ancient inhabitants, Numb. xxvi. 29. 1 Chron. vii. 16. and ii. 21, 22. Not to Machir him

MACHIR, selling, or knowing, the son of Manasseh, grandson of Joseph, MACEDONIA, lofty, excelling, and chief of the family of the Machiburning, adoration, a large country rites. His sons were Gilead, Peresh, on the north-east of Greece, anciently called Emathia, from one of its kings. It had the mountains Scodrus and Hæmus, on the north and northeast; the Ægean Sea, or Archipelago, with part of Thrace, on the east ; Thessaly on the south; Epirus on the south-west, and Albania on the west. It was peopled by a vast num-self, but to his seed, did Moses give ber of tribes, which, we think, were the land of Gilead, Numb. xxxii. 40. mostly descended from Chittim, the Some of them appear to have comson of Javan. The monarchy of the manded in the Hebrew army under Macedonians had stood about 400 DEBORAH and BARAK, Judg. v. 14. years when king Philip added Thes- MACHPELAH, double, where saly, with part of Epirus and Alba-Abraham and sundry of his family, nia, to his territories. His son were buried in a cave: it was near Alexander, it is said, subdued 150 HEBRON, Gen. xxiii. and xxv. 9. nations. It is certain he made him- and xlix. 31. and 1. 13. self master of Greece, and of the MAD, (1.) Destitute of reason. Persian empire, and of part of India. Such a one David feigned himself Yet his empire was quickly broken to be at the court of Achish, 1 Sam. to pieces; and Macedonia, after xxi. 13, 14. 1 Cor. xiv. 23. (2.) having continued a kingdom about Furious and outrageous in perse646 years, fell into the hands of cuting men; so Paul was exceedingly the Romans, A. M. 3856. When mad against the Christians, Acts the Roman empire was divided, xxvi. 11. (3.) Exceedingly dis Macedonia fell to the share of the tressed and perplexed, that one emperor of the east. After it knows not what he doth, or what to had continued subject to the Ro- do; so the terrors or judgments of mans almost 1600 years, it fell God, render men mad or distracted, under the power of the Ottoman Deut. xxviii. 34. Isa. xliv. 25. Psal. Turks, who are the present masters xxxviii. 15. (4.) Outrageously vioof it. Some of its principal cities lent in desire or action, notwithstandwere Thessalonica, Amphipolis, Phi-ing strong reasons to the contrary; lippi, Berea, Pella, &c. A vision so the Chaldeans were mad on their directed Paul to preach the gospel idols and vanities, Jer. 1. 18. False in this country; this he did with great teachers are mad; they foolishly utsuccess; many believed, and turned ter falsehoods of their own invention, to the Lord. The Macedonian Chris-instead of the truths of God, and tians were very forward in charity at last God's judgments demonstrate

the folly and falsehood of what they to have begun the work. About say; and men reckon them to have the 20th year Hezekiah, and A. M. been out of their wits, Hos. ix. 7. 3398, or perhaps three years soonPaul and the other apostles were er, Dejoces, or Arphaxad, by fair thought to be beside themselves, be- means, got himself settled on the cause of their zeal for God, and fer- throne. After building Ecbatan, vent love to precious souls, Acts he invaded Assyria: but Esarhaddon xxvi. 24. 2 Cor. v. 13, 14. And gave him a terrible defeat in the generally when persons begin in plain of Ragar. His son Phraoutes, good earnest to seek salvation, they whom some think was Arphaxad, are thought by wicked men to be succeeded him A. M. 3348. He going mad. He that deceiveth his subdued the neighbouring nations of neighbour in sport, is like a madman, Upper Asia, and invaded Assyria; casting firebrands, arrows, and death. but was slain at the siege of NineContrary to reason, he spreads hurt, and even everlasting destruction, all around him, Prov. xxvi. 18.

veh. Cyaxares his son succeeded him A. M. 3370. He conquered Persia; and to avenge his father's MADAI, a measure, judging, or death, and the ruin of Ecbatan the a garment, the third son of Japheth, capital of Media, he invaded AssyGen. x. 2. Some will have him to be ria, and laid siege to Nineveh. An the father of the Macedonians, and invasion of the Tartars under Maobserve, that Æmathia, the ancient dyes, or Oguz-kan, diverted him; name of Macedonia, is the same as they remained 28 years in Media. Ai or Aia Madai, the isle, country, or After the Medes had massacred the land, of Madai. In Macedonia there Tartars, and a peace had been made was an ancient king called Medus, or with the Lydians, who, in a war Madai; and near to it were a tribe of five years, attempting to revenge called Mædi, or Madi. The name of the murders of the Tartars, Cyraxares Media they derive from Medea, a and Nebuchadnezzar joined their famed sorceress who lived in Colchis, forces, and besieged Nineveh; took near the north-west corner of it, about and razed it, about A. M. 4403; the time of Asa. But as Macedonia and then Nebuchadnezzar marched is too remote for a son of Japheth to against, and reduced Hollow-Syria, come to, and as Media both in Judea, and most of Phenicia : Cyaxname and situation answers so well ares reduced Armenia, Pontus, and to Madai, we cannot but reckon Cappadocia; and he and Nebuchadhim the father of the Medes. Media, nezzar conquered Persia. About now called Aiderbezan, is a pretty A. M. 3409, Astyages, or Ahasumountainous country on the south-erus his son, succeeded him: his siswest of the Caspian Sea, east of Ar- ter Amyite was the wife of Nebumenia, north of Persia, and west of chadnezzar; his daughter Nitocris Parthia and Hyrcania. Its princi- was married to Evil-merodach the son pal cities, in ancient times, were of Nebuchadnezzar, and Mandane Ecbatan, Rages, &c. The Medes to Cambyses the father of Cyrus. were subdued by Pul, or Tiglathpileser, king of Assyria; and into Media, Shalmaneser carried his Jewish and Syrian captives. As the Medes were excellent warriors, part of them, of the city or country of Kir, assisted Sennacherib in his invasion of Judea, Isa. xxii. 6. After Sennacherib's army was destroyed at Jerusalem, the Medes shook off the Assyrian yoke. Arbaces seems

His son Cyaxares, or Darius, succeeded him A. M. 3444. After a war of 20 years, and terrible murder of the people, he, assisted by Cyrus his son-in-law and nephew, made himself master of Babylon, and the whole empire of Chaldea, Isa. xxi. 2. and xiv. 17, 18. Jer. li. 11, 27, 28. Dan. v, 31. and vi. and ix. 1. Cyrus, by his wife, fell heir to the Median kingdom, and united