US. God sometimes uses this plu ral, to denote there being more than one person in the Godhead, Gen. i. 26. and xi. 7. Isa. vi. 8.

vii. 24. (2.) Custom, often repeated exercise, Heb. v. 14. And to use is to make use of, act with, employ one's selfin, Matt. vi. 7. 2 Cor. i. 17.

To USURP, haughtily to claim or take possession of power and authority which doth not belong to us, 1 Tim. ii. 12.

set in a golden collar, and coming] A. M. 3890; but it is certain, the down to his breast, as the magistrates oracle was wanting some ages before, of Egypt wore a golden chain, at the in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, end of which hung the figures of Ezra ii. 63. Neh. vii. 65. Nor do I Justice and Truth, engraven on pre- know of the least ground to believe cious stones. Weems thinks, they that it existed under the second tem were some ornament formed by God ple. The Jews pretend that the himself, and given to Moses. Hot- Bathcol supplied its place, whose tinger is of opinion, they might mean oracles, they say, were often attendno more than that Moses was to ed with a clap of thunder; and it choose the most shining and perfect seems those with our Saviour ima stones of the various kinds, to be put in-gined the voice that spake from heato the breastplate. Prideaux thinks, ven to be of this kind, John xii. 29. the words chiefly denote the clearness See ORACLE. of the oracles dictated to the high priest, though perhaps the lustre of the stones in his breastplate might represent this clearness. When this oracle of Urim and Thummim was USE, (1.) Service, purpose, Lev. to be consulted, it is said, the high priest put on his golden vestments, and in ordinary cases went into the sanctuary, and stood with his face to the holy of holies, and the consulter stood as near him as the law permitted: but how the answer was given, whether by an articulate voice from the mercy-seat, or by the out- USURY, the gain taken for the standing or lustre of the letters in the loan of money or wares. The law breastplate, we know not. This of nature forbids not the receiving oracle was never consulted in matters of moderate interest for the loan of of faith, as in these the Jews had the money, any more than the taking written law for their rule, nor was it of rents for the lease of fields or consulted in matters of small moment; houses. If another trade on my stock, and it is even said, I suppose with Reason says, I may receive part of out ground, that none but sovereign the gain. The interest, however, judges, kings, and generals, con- ought to be moderate; and if the sulted it. It is certain, David con- borrower be a very poor man, it ought sulted the Lord in this manner, be- to be little or nothing at all, as Reafore he came to the throne. While son requires us to be compassionate, Moses lived, there was no occasion and the Divine law requires us to do to consult this oracle, as the Lord to others as we would they should spake to him face to face. After his do to us in like cases. If Provideath, it was consulted till the age dence frown upon those persons who of the temple and prophets, the latter have our money in loan, it is proper of which seem to have supplied its we should willingly share with them room; for we read not of one single in their loss, as well as we would instance of the then consulting it. Nor did Josiah, when terrified with the threatenings of God, consult it, but Huldah the prophetess, in order to know the mind of God, 2 Kings xxii. 14. Josephus will have the stones of the Urim and Thummim to have retained their lustre till about

wish to do in their profit. As the Jews had very little concern in trade, and so only borrowed in case of necessity; and as their system was calculated to establish every man's inheritance to his own family, they were allowed to lend money upon usury to strangers, Deut. xxiii. 20.

but were prohibited to take usury young with their own blood, in case from their brethren of Israel, at least of necessity, Lev. xiv. 14. Deut. xiv. if they were poor, Exod. xxii. 25. 13. Job xxviii. 7. Isa. xxiv. 15. Lev. xxv. 35-37.

To UTTER, (1.) to reveal, speak out, declare, Lev. v. 1. (2.) To make plain, Heb. v. 11. God utters judgments, when he threatens and exe cutes them on men, Jer. i. 15. And Utterance, is ability, freedom, and boldness, in speaking, Acts ii. 4. Eph. vi. 19.

UZ, council, words, or fastened to, (1.) The eldest son of Aram, and grandson of Shem, Gen. x. 23. (2.) The son of Dishan an Horite, Gen. xxxvi. 28. (3.) A country; but where is not so well agreed. Some have placed it at the source of the Hiddekel, or Tigris, where Pliny and Strabo place the Uxii; and here, perhaps, Uz, the UTTER OF OUTER, (1.) Most out- son of Aram, resided. The Hebrews ward, Ezek. x. 5. (2.) Complete, call the country about Damascus, the to the utmost extent, 1 Kings xx. land of Uz, and the Arabs call it 42. And so UTTERLY, is altogether, Gaut or Gauta, which is the same. wholly, Exodus xvii. 14. or very We are moreover told, that Uz, the much, Ezek. xxix. 10. Psa. cxix. 8. son of Aram, built Damascus. BoUTTERMOST OF UTMOST, is, (1.) chart, the authors of the Universal The most outward, Exod. xxvi. 4. History, and others, place the land (2.) Farther distant, to the greatest of Uz a good way to the south-east extent, 2 Kings vii. 5. (3.) The of Damascus, and almost straight very last, Matt. v. 26. Christ saves east from the lot of the Reubenites, to the uttermost: he saves certainly, and west from Chaldea in Arabia the fully, and perpetually; or he, by an Desert. This, they think, received infinite price, saves from the deep- its name from Huz, the son of Naest guilt, pollution, and misery, and hor, the brother of Abraham and brings to the highest degrees of hap- hereabouts Ptolemy places the Æsitæ piness, and preserves the saved there- or Ausitæ. This, Spanheim and in to eternity, Heb. vii. 25. Wrath others reckon to have been the councame upon the Jews to the uttermost: try of Job, as it was near the Chaltheir ruin was wide-spread, almost deans, Job i. 1, 17. I suppose there universal in extent, most terrible in was another land of Uz in the terdegree, and lasting in duration, 2 ritories of the Edomites, which had Thess. ii. 16. To know the uttermost its name from Us the Horite. Nay, of a matter, is to know it completely, the Arabian writers say, that the in all its points and circumstances, Adites descended of Uz the son of Acts xxiv. 22. Aram, resided here for some time VULTURE, a large fowl of the before they removed into Arabia eagle kind. There are six kinds of Felix, Lam. iv. 21 vultures. Their neck is long, and UZAL, wandering, sailing, disalmost bare of feathers; and their tilling from the head, the sixth son legs are feathered to the feet, on each of Joktan, and whose posterity apof which they have four toes, three pear to have settled in the south of forward, and one backward. They Arabia Felix. Here was anciently the build their nests in high rocks, and sea-port Ocila or Ocelis, and Ausal or are said to live about 100 years. Ausar, in the kingdom of the GebanThey have a very quick sight, haunt ites, whose myrrh was very much celedesolate places, and delight to feed brated. Some Jewish writers call the on human flesh, but feed on nothing capital city of Yaman, or Arabia Feliving. It is said they attend ar-lix, by the name of Uzal, Gen. x. mies, expecting death and blood, UZZAH, strength, a goat, and and smell carrion at a very great AHIO, his brother, the sons of Abidistance. They are said to be great nadab, in whose house the ark of God enemies to serpents, and to feed their had long resided, by David's orders,

27.

conducted it, upon a new cart, from no small grief and terror of king Da Kirjath-jearim to Jerusalem. When vid, 2 Sam. vi. Whether it was in a the oxen stuck in the mire, or stum- garden which belonged to this Uzzah bled as they passed the threshing-floor that king Amon was buried, we know of Nachon or Chidon, Uzzah, though not.

no priest, and perhaps not a Levite, UZZENSHERAH, ear of the flesh, presumed to touch the ark, in order or the car of him that remains, a city to hold it on the cart. Offended that of the Ephraimites, and at no great the ark was not carried on the shoul- distance from Beth-horon, was built ders of the Levites, according to or- by Serah, the daughter, or grandder, and with Uzzah's presuming to daughter, of Beriah, 1 Chron. vii. 22. touch it, and probably also for his -24. advising to convey it on a cart, God struck him dead on the spot, to the

UZZIAH, or OZIAS. See AzaRIAH the son of Jotham.

W

AFER, a thin cake of fine the words of the wicked are to lie in flour, anointed or baked with wait for blood; ; they tend to ruin oil. Such wafers were used in the men before they are aware; but the consecration-offerings of the priests, mouth or words of the upright tend Exod. xxix. 2, 25. and in meat-of-to deliver men, Prov. xii. 6. Wickferings, Lev. ii. 4. and in thank-of-ed men lie in wait for their own blood, ferings, Lev, vii. 12. and in the Nazarites' offerings, Numb. vi. 13. WAGGING of the head or hand, imported mocking and insult, Jer. xviii. 16. Zeph. ii. 15.

WAGES. See REWARD.

as all their crafty and violent schemes tend to hasten ruin on their own head, Prov. i. 19. They are waited for of the sword; are in perpetual danger of distress and ruin, Job xv. 22.

To WAIL, to mourn by crying, To WAKE, (1.) To watch withhowling, wringing the hands, or out sleep, natural or spiritual, Psa. beating the breasts, thighs, or the cxxvii. 1. Song v. 2. (2.) To raise a like, Ezek. xxxii. 18. person from sleep, Psa. cxxxix. 18. To WAIT, (1.) To attend, as rea-(3.) To stir up, rouse from sleep or dy to serve, Numb. viii. 24. (2.) slumber, Zech. iv. 1. (4.) To stir up Patiently to stay, desiring and look- to war, Joel iii. 9, 12. God wakened ing for, Gen. xlix. 18. God waits Christ morning by morning: by the to be gracious: he patiently bears continued influences of his Spirit, with sinners; with delight and rea- he rendered him alert and active in diness he seizes the first proper op- his work of obedience and suffering, portunity of bestowing his favours Isa. I. 4. Whether the saints wake on his people, and wisely defers them or sleep, i. e. whether they live or till that time comes, Isa. xxx. 18. die, they live together in Christ, 1 Our waiting upon God, imports our Thess. v. 10. See AWAKE, SLEEP. attendance on him as a Master, being To WALK, (1.) To move from one ready to serve him: and our patient place to another, Exod. xxi. 19. (2.) and earnest looking to him as a Sa- To act and behave in the tenor of viour for deliverance and comfort, conversation; and when thus metaPsa. xxv. 3. Job's neighbours waited phorically taken, WALKING denotes for him; they highly esteemed him, deliberation, pleasure, perseverance, and were ready to receive his coun- and progress. Christ's walking in sel, Job xxiv. 21. To lie in wait, his church, or among his people, is to lie hid, in order to seize an imports his gracious presence with opportunity of assaulting; and thus them, his constant delight in them,

his observation of them, and readi- manner, Acts ix. 31. To walk wors ness to do them good, Lev. xxvi. 12. thy of the Lord, is, to behave as perRev. ii. 1. His walking on the waves sons redeemed by, called to, united of the sea, and the wings of the wind, with, and receiving influence from, denotes the uncontrollable sove- and in subjection to, the holy Jesus, reignty, speed, composure, and mys- who left us an example, that we should terious nature of his providential walk in his steps, Col. i. 10. 1 Thess. conduct, Job ix. 8. Psa. xviii. 10. ii. 12. To walk worthy of our vocaGod's walking in the circuit of heaven, tion, or calling out of the world into imports the immensity of his pre- the fellowship of God's Son, is, desence, Job xxii. 14. but his walking nying ungodliness, and worldly lusts, contrary to men, implies his thwart- to live soberly, righteously, and goding their purposes and attempts, and ly, in this present world, Eph. iv. 1. his executing his judgments upon To walk as men, is, to behave like the them, Lev. xxvi. 25. To walk in unregenerate part of the world, 1 Christ, is, to make daily advances in Cor. iii. 3. To walk after the flesh, holiness, and nearness to heaven, or after lusts, is, to be directed and with proper composure and delight, influenced in our practice by the Col. ii. 6. To walk in and after the lusts, appetites, and inclinations, of Spirit, is, to order our whole conver- our corrupt nature, Rom. viii. 1. 1 sation according to his word and in- Pet. iv. 3. Jude 16. To walk in fluence, and agreeably to the incli- darkness, in falsehood, and craftiness, nations of the new heart, Gal. v. 21. is, to live in an unregenerate state, Rom. viii. 1. To walk by faith, is, with a mind ignorant of divine things, relying upon Christ, as freely and and with pleasure to proceed on fully given to us in the gospel, and more and more in lying, deceit, or firmly crediting the accomplishment other wicked courses, 1 John i. 6. of the promises, and receiving out 2 Cor. iv. 2. And false prophets of Christ's fulness thereby grace for walk in the spirit and falsehood, when grace, to make a constant progress pretending to have the Spirit of God, in holiness, and towards eternal glo- and being instigated by the devil, ry, 2 Cor. v. 7. To walk with the they prophesy falsely to the people, Lord, before God, and after the Lord, Mic. ii. 11. To walk in the way of or in his name, is to hear and believe the people of Judah, was to relish his word, depend on him, and, under their forsaking of the Lord, and their a continued impression of his pre-depending on the Assyrians and sence, to worship, obey, and please Egyptians for help, Isa. viii. 12. Men him, Gen. v. 24. and xvi. 2. Hos. walk through fire and water, when x. 12. Zech. x. 12. To walk in the they pass through great dangers and truth, or in God's fear, way, or commandments, is, with steadfastness to persevere in the profession, faith, and practical improvement, of the gospel of Christ, and to live in a course of obedience to his law, 2 John 4. Deut. v. 33. 2 Chron. xvii. 4. To WALL, serves for defence, and walk in the light, or in the light of for division of things, Josh. ii. 15. God's countenance, is, to enjoy the Numb. xxii. 24. Hence God and his oracles and influences of Christ, and salvation are a wall, and wall of fire, improve them to promote a life of to the church, whereby she is proentire conformity to the command tected from all danger, Zech. ii. 5. and example of Christ, Isa. ii. 5. 1 Isa. xxvi. 1. Ezek. xl. &c. and the John i. 6, 7. To walk in the comforts government, safety, and strength, of of the Holy Ghost, is habitually to a church or nation, are represented enjoy them in a clear and certain as their walls, Psa. li. 18. Isa. v. 5.

troubles, Isa. Ixiii. Psa. Ixvi. 12. The king of Tyre walked in the midst of stones of fire: his very garments and palace were hung, or set thick with shining and sparkling gems, Ezek. xxviii. 14.

Rev. xx. 12. Ezek. xl. &c. The diversified afflictions, Psalm Ivi. 8. church is likened to a wall, to de- He that wandereth out of the way of note her sure foundation, her firm understanding, shall remain in the union of members among themselves congregation of the dead: he that lives and with Christ; her exposure to in ignorance and wickedness, and trouble, and her ability from Christ shuns the means of reformation, shall to bear the assaults of enemies, Song continue among the unregenerate, viii. 9, 10. Great men are likened dead in trespasses and sins; and to walls; they are eminently instru- saints, if they stray from the paths of mental in the protection and safe-duty, will much resemble common guard of a nation, Isa. ii. 15. and sinners, Prov. xxi. 16. The Chaldean David and his men were as a wall to armies are called wanderers, as they protect Nabal's flocks from the Arabs went from one country to another in and wild beasts, 1 Sam. xxv. 16. Jere- their ravages and wars, Jer. xlviii. 12. miah was like a fenced brazen wall; Those in captivity and exile, are God enabled him courageously to wanderers, driven hither and thither, declare the truth, and preserved him and know not where they must go, amidst all the attempts of his enemies, Hos. ix. 17. Ezek. xxxiv. 6. Isaiah Jer. i. 18. and xv. 20. The ceremoni-xvi. 2, 3. al law was a wall of partition, that so WANT, denotes either, (1.) The separated between the Jews and Gen- entire lack of a thing, Dent. xxviii. tiles, as that few of the latter entered 57. or, (2.) Penury, scarcity, Mark the church during the continuance xii. 44. and it either respects the of its obligation, Eph. ii. 14. The wants of soul or body. Prodigal Chaldeans were like a wall of iron sinners are said to begin to be in want, round about Jerusalem; they, in a when God, by distress and convicbold and determined manner, laid|tion, renders them sensible of their siege to it till they had taken it, Ezek. need of Christ and his salvation, and iv. 3. Wicked men are like a bow-pained for the want of it, Luke xv. 4. ing wall: their ruin proceeds from WANTON, LASCIVIOUS, light, themselves, and it is very sudden disposed to unchastity, James v. 5. and dreadful, Psalm Ixii. 3. Jeru-Wanton eyes, are such as by their air salem was inhabited without walls, of light, tend to entice others to when it had full peace, and its sub-unchastity, Isa. iii. 16. To wax wanurbs were farge, Zech. ii. 4. In that ton against Christ, is, for persons, day thy walls are to be built, shall the contrary to their Christian profession, decree for repairing it be published, to become light, and disposed to unand the decree against it be far re-chastity, 1 Tim. v. 11. moved, or hindered, Mic. vii. 11. WANTONNESS, or LASCIVIOUScompare Ezra i.-vi. with Neh. ii. NESS, includes every thing tending -vi. Violence and strife go about on to promote or fulfil fleshly lusts; and the walls of a city, when they are to give over one's self to it, is to deopenly practised, and even by those light in, and practise it, without that ought to defend and protect shame or remorse, Matt. xv. 19. men, Psa. Iv. 10. Rom. xiii. 13. Gal. v. 19. Eph. iv. 19. To turn the grace of God into lasciviousness, is to turn it into an occasion of more abandoned wickedness, Jude 4.

To WALLOW, to roll or turn from one side to another, Mark ix. 21.

To WANDER, to travel hither and thither without knowing where to go, Jer. xlix. 5. Apostacy from the WAR, WARFARE. See FIGHT. worship and ways of God, and fol- WARD, (1.) A prison, Gen. xl. lowing after idols, are called a man- 3-7. (2.) Watch, garrison, Neh. dering, Psalm exix. 10. Jer. iv. 10. xii. 25. í Chron. xii. 29. (3.) A David's wanderings, are either his class of persons that serve together removals from place to place, or his at a time, as soldiers on a watch: so