To thefe Tables it may not be amiss to give a brief Account of fuch Coins, Weights, and Meafures, as are frequently mentioned in the Scriptures. As I have deduced them from those which feem to be the moft Correct, inferted in the Index to the large Bible, Printed Anno 1702, and compared with thofe ufed in England, by the Lord Bishop of Peterborough. Note, A Shekel is said to be their Original Weight. 3 Miles a Parafang=7296, 9. Which is 4 English Miles and 256. THE foregoing Tables being fo well understood, as that you can readily tell (without paufing) how many Units of any one Denomination, do make one of the next Superior Denomination (efpecially in thofe Tables which are most useful for your Bufinefs) it will then be as easy to add or fubtract them, as to add or fubtract whole Numbers, due Care being taken in placing all Numbers that are of one Denomination exactly underneath each other. That is to fay, in Money, place Pounds under Pounds, Shillings under Shillings, Pence under Pence, &c. Understand the like in Weights and Measures, &c. according to their feveral Denominations: Then in Addition obferve this Rule. RULE. Always begin with thofe Figures of the lowest or leaft Denomination, and add them all together into one Sum, then confider how many of the next Superior Denomination are contained in that Sum, fo many Units you must carry to the faid next Superior Denomination to be added together with thofe Figures that fand there; and if any thing remain over or above thofe Units fa carried, that Overplus must be fet down underneath it's own Denomination: And so proceed on from one Denomination to another until all be finished. Example in Coin. Let it be required to add 351. 145. 06 d. and 277. ozs. tod. and 541. 13 s. 04 d. and 10l. 17 s. 09 d. into one Sum. The particular Sums being placed, as before directed, will stand as in the Margin following. Then according to the Rule, I begin with the Pence (being here the loweft or leaft Denomination) and adding them all together, I find their Sum to be 29 d. that is 23, and 5 d. (for 1. 35 27 • 14 06 . 02 10 54. 13 04 242 s. and 29-245) the 5 d. I fet down 10. 17. 09 128. 08. 05 Now, for as much as it often happens in keeping Books of Accounts, (and in other Business) that it is required to add up large Sums of Money, confifting of 30, 40, or more several particular Sums, nay, perhaps filling up the whole length of a Sheet of Paper, I humbly conceive in those Cafes the beft and eafieft way will be to part them into Parcels, not exceeding above 10 or 12 particular Sums in each Parcel; that done, add together all the Sums of thofe Parcels into one Sum, and that will be the Total Sum required. Alfo to avoid the making of Points, or other Marks amongst your Figures, it will be convenient to get the following Tables by heart, The Ufe of thefe Tables is fo obvious, that I prefume it is I think it needlefs to fet down more Examples of this kind, for if thefe 5 (especially the laft) be well understood, they will be fufficient to fhew how any other may be performed. Sect. 3. Subtraction of Weights, &c. Subtraction is but the Converfe of the precedent Work, and may be performed by obferving this Rule. RULE. Begin with the Lowest or Leaft Denomination (as before in Addition) and Take or Subtract the Figure (or Figures) in that place of the Subtrahend, from the Figure (or Figures) that stand over them of the fame Denomination; fetting down the Remainder. (as in Page 12.) But if that cannot be done, then you must increafe the upper Figure (or Figures) with one of the next Superior Denomination, and from that Sum make Subtraction; and fo proceed to the next Superior Denomination, where you must pay the one borrowed, by adding Unity to the Subtrahend in that place, &c. as in whole Numbers. The First of these Examples is felf-evident. In the Second Example, beginning at the place of Pence (being here the Leaft Denomination) I am to take 8 d. from 6 d. but because that cannot be done, I muft (according to the Rule) borrow one of the next Denomination, viz. I s. and add it to the 6 d. which makes it 18 d. (for 1.12 d. and 12 d.+6 d. 18 d. then I take 8 d. from that 18 d. and there remains rod. to be fet down underneath the place of Pence; that done, I proceed to the place of Shillings, where I must now pay the is. faying one borrowed and 15 makes 16 from 10 cannot be, but 16 from 30 and there remains 14. That is, I borrow one of the next Denomination, viz. l. and add to it the 10s. which makes it 30s. for 1 =20s. and 20s.+10=30) having fet down the Remaining 14 s. underneath it's own place of Shillings, I proceed to the place of Pounds, where paying the 17. borrowed, it will be borrowed and 9 is 10 from 9 cannot be, but 10 from 19 and there remains 9, and fo on as in whole Numbers until all be finished; and the Remainder will be 1791. 14 s. 10 d. This Example being a little confidered will render all others in this Rule eafy. The Proof of Addition and Subtraction in these Numbers of different Denominations, is the very fame with that of whole Numbers in Page 13. I fhall therefore refer you to that place, and omit repeating it here. Sect. 4. Of Reduction. BY Y Reduction, Numbers of different Denominations are brought into one Denomination. That is, it alters or changes any Superior Denomination propofed, into any Inferior or Leffer Denomination Required; |