IV. UNITS OF SURFACE. I. SQUARE MEASURE. 472. Square measure is used in measuring land, or any thing in which length and breadth are both considered. Table. 44 square inches (sq. in.) make 1 square foot, Table Reversed. Sq.ft Sq. yd. P. R. A. M. NOTE.-The units of the scale in this measure are 144, 9, 301, 40, and 4. II. SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 473. The Surveyor's, or Gunter's chain, is generally used in surveying land. It is 4 poles, or 66 feet in length, and is divided into 100 links. NOTES.-1. Land is generally estimated in square miles, acres roods, and square rods, or perches. 2. The units of the scale, in this measure, are 7%, 4, 80, 1, and 10. V. UNITS OF VOLUME, OR CAPACITY. I. CUBIC MEASURE. 474. Cubic measure is used for measuring stone, timber, earth, and such other things as have the three dimensions, ength, breadth, and thickness. Table. 1728 cubic inches (cu. in.) make 1 cubic foot, 27 cubic feet 40 feet of round, or 50 feet of hewn timber, 42 solid feet 8 cord feet, or 128 cubic feet, 24 cubic feet of stone marked cu. ft. cu. yd. T. T. C. P. NOTES.-1. A cord of wood is a pile 4 feet wide, 4 feet high, and 8 feet long. 2. A cord foot is 1 foot in length of the pile which makes a cord. 3. A CUBE is a solid or volume bounded by six equal squares, called faces; the sides of the squares are called edges. 4. A cubic foot is a cube, each of whose faces is a square foot; its edges are each 1 foot. 5. A cubic yard is a cube, each of whose edges is 1 yard 6. A ton of round timber, when square, is supposed to produce 40 cubic feet: hence, one-fifth is lost by squaring. II. LIQUID MEASURE. 475. Liquid, or wine measure, is used for measuring all liquids except ale, beer, and milk. NOTES.-1. The standard unit, or gallon of wine measure, in the United States, contains 231 cubic inches, and hence, is equal to the weight, avoirdupois, of 8.339 cubic inches of distilled water, very nearly. 2. The English Imperial wine gallon contains 277.274 cubic inches, and hence, is equal to 1.2 times the wine gallon of the United States, nearly. III. BEER MEASURE. 476. Beer measure was formerly used for measuring ale, beer, and milk. They are now generally measured by wine NOTES.-1. The standard gallon, beer measure, contains 282 cubie inches, and hence, is equal to the weight of 10.1799 cubic inches o distilled rain-water. 2. Milk is generally bought and sold by wine measure. III. DRY MEASURE. 477. Dry measure is used in measuring all dry articles, such as grain, fruit, salt, coal, &c. NOTES.-1. The standard bushel of the United States is the Win chester bushel of England. It is a circular measure 18 inches i diameter, and 8 inches deep, and contains 2150.4 cubic inches, nearly It contains 77.627413 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water. 2. A gallon, dry measure, contains 268.8 cubic inches. 3. Wine measure, beer measure, and dry measure, and all meas ures of volume, differ from the cubic measure only in the unit which is used as a standard. VI. UNITS OF WEIGHT. I. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 478. By this weight all coarse articles are weighed, such as hay, grain, chandlers' wares, and all metals except gold and NOTES.-1. The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water; and hence, 1 cubic foot weighs 1000 ounces, very nearly. 2. By the old method of weighing, adopted from the English system, 112 pounds were reckoned for a hundred weight. But now, the laws of most of the States, as well as general usage, fix the hundred weight at 100 pounds. 3. The units of the scale, in passing from drams to ounces, are 16; from ounces to pounds, 16; from pounds to quarters, 25; from quarters to hundreds, 4; and from hundreds to tons, 20. II. TROY WEIGHT. 479. Gold, silver, jewels, and liquors, are weighed by Troy reight. |