Note 2.-To reduce shillings to pence, multiply them by 12, because every shilling makes 12 pence. 3. Reduce 60 shillings to pence. Facit 720 d. 4. Bring 120 shillings to pence. Facit 1440 d. Note 3. To reduce pence to farthings, multiply them by 4, because every penny makes 4 farthings. 5. Reduce 350 pence to farthings. Facit 1400 qrs. 6. Change 4560 pence to farthings. Facit 18240 qrs. Note 4.To reduce shilling to farthings, change them first to pence, and then change those pence to farthings. 7. Reduce 10 shillings to farthings. Facit 480 qrs. 8. Bring 115 shillings to farthings. Facit 5520 qrs. Note 5.-To reduce pounds to farthings, reduce them first to shillings; then change those shillings to pence; and then change those pence to farthings. 9. Reduce 5 pounds to farthings. Facit 4800 qrs. 10. Bring 76 pounds to farthings. Facit 72960 qrs. FEDERAL MONEY. The denominations of Federal Money have already been given. EXAMPLES. Note 1.-To reduce dollars to cents, multiply them by 100; or, which is the same thing, annex two cyphers to their number. 1. Reduce 50 dollars to cents. 2. Reduce 125 dollars to cents. 3. Bring 5560 dollars to cents. Facit 5000 cts. Facit 12500 cts. Facit 556000 cts. Note 2. To reduce cents to fourths or quarters of a cent, multiply them by 4;-to halves, multiply them by 2;-to thirds, multiply them by 3, &c. 4. Reduce 25 cents to fourths or quarters of a cent. Facit 100 fourths. 5. Reduce 256 cents to fourths of a cent. Facit 1024 fourths. 6. Reduce 45 cents to half cents. Facit 90 halves. 7. Bring 145 cents to thirds of a cent. Facit 435 thirds. Note 3.-To reduce dollars to fourths, halves, or thirds of a cent, &c.-first bring them to cents; and then bring those cents to fourths, or halves, &c. 8. Reduce 12 dollars to fourths of a cent. Facit 4800 fourths. 9. Bring 122 dollars to halves of a cent. Facit 24400 halves. 10. Bring 54 dollars to thirds of a cent. Facit 16200 thirds. Note 4.To reduce dollars to mills, multiply them by 1000; or, which is the same thing, annex three cyphers to their number. 11. Reduce 26 dollars to mills. 12. Bring 150 dollars to mills. Facit 26000 m. Facit 150000 m. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. By this weight are weighed things of a coarse, drossy nature, that are bought and sold by weight, and all metals but silver and gold. The denominations of Avoirdupois Weight are ton, hundred-weight, quarter, pound, ounce, and dram. 16 drams (dr.) make 1 ounce 16 ounces Oz. lb. 1 pound 28 pounds - EXAMPLES. T. Facit 540 C.wt. 1. Reduce 27 tons to hundred weights. TROY WEIGHT. Facit 180 gr. Facit 7000 lb. Facit 1216 oz. Facit 640 dr. Facit 17920 lb. Facit 1146880 dr. By this weight, jewels, gold, silver, and liquors are weighed. The denominations of Troy Weight are pound, ounce, penny weight, and grain. 24 grains (gr.) make 1 pennyweight dwt. 20 pennyweights 12 ounces Reduce 576 pounds to ounces. Oz. lb. Facit 6912 oz. 2. Change 1740 ounces to penny weights. Facit 34800 dwts. 3. Bring 145 pennyweights to grains. Facit 3480 gr. 4. Reduce 15 pounds to pennyweights. Facit 3600 dwts. 5. Bring 75 pounds to grains. Facit 432000 gr. 'APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. By this weight apothecaries mix their medicines, but buy and sell by avoirdupois weight. The denominations of Apothecaries weight are pound, ounce, dram, scruple, and grain. 20 grains (gr.) make 1 scruple 3 scruples 8 drams 12 ounces 1 dram 3 1 ounce 1. Reduce 56 pounds to ounces. 2. Reduce 142 ounces to drams. 3. Bring 84 drams to scruples. 4. Bring.16 scruples to grains. 5. Reduce 8 ounces to scruples. 6. Bring 14 pounds to grains. LONG MEASURE. Facit 672 Facit 1136 3 Facit 252 Facit 320 gr. Facit 1929 Facit 80640 gr. Long measure is used for lengths and distances. The denominations of Long Measure are degree, league, mile, furlong, pole, yard, foot, and inch. 12 inches (in.) make 3 feet 5 yards 1 foot ft. 1 yard. yd. 1 rod, pole, or perch P. 1 furlong 40 poles (or 220 yds.) 3 miles 60 geographic, or 69 statute 1 mile Note.-A hand is a measure of 4 inches, and used in measuring the height of horses. A fathom is 6 feet, and used chiefly in measuring the depth of water. EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 20 leagues to miles. Facit 60 m 2. Reduce 75 miles to furlongs. CLOTH MEASURE. Facit 600 fur. Facit 2880 P. By this measure, cloth, tapes, &c. are measured. The denominations of Cloth Measure are English ell, Flemish ell, yard, quarter of a yard, and nail. 4 nails (na.) make 1 quarter of a yard 4 quarters 3 quarters 5 quarters 1 yard 1 ell Flemish EXAMPLES. 1. Reduce 46 English ells to quarters. 2. Bring 5 Flemish ells to quarters. 3. Bring 22 yards to quarters. 4. Bring 40 qrs. to nails. 5. Bring 51 English ells to nails. qr. yd. E. Fl. E. E. LAND MEASURE, OR SQUARE MEASURE. This measure shows the quantity of lands. The denominations of Land Measure are acre, rood, square perch, square yard, and square foot. 144 square inches make 1 square foot 9 feet square 40 square perches 4 roods 1 rood - R. A. 1. Reduce 40 acres to roods. Facit 160 R. 2. Reduce 15 roods to square perches. Facit 600 P. 3. Bring 28 square perches to square yards. Facit 847 sq. yd. 4. Bring 42 square yards to square feet. Facit 378 sq. ft. 5. Bring 6 square feet to square inches. Facit 864 sq. in. 6. Bring 12 acres to square perches. Facit 1920 sq. P. LIQUID MEASURE. This measure is used for beer, cider, wine, &c. The denominations of Liquid Measure are tun, pipe or butt, hogshead, gallon, quart, and pint. 2 pints (pt.) make 4 quarts 63 gallons 2 hogsheads 1 quart 1 gallon qt. gal. 1 hogshead hhd. 1 pipe or butt pi. or bt. T. 2 pipes (or 4 hogsheads) 1 tun Note. By a law of Pennsylvania, 16 gallons make one half barrel; 31 gallons one barrel; 64 gallons one double barrel; 84 gallons one puncheon; 42 gallons one tierce. This measure is used for grain, fruit, salt, &c. The denominations of Dry Measure are bushel, peck, The denominations of Time are year, month, week, day, hour, minute, and second. |