54. A body immersed in water is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of water displaced. If a man's body displaces 2 cubic feet of water, how much will he be buoyed up when swimming in fresh water? in salt water, specific gravity 1.03?

55. How much less force is required to lift a stone 5′ × 2′ × 1' to the surface of a stream than to lift it out?

56. A floating timber 20' long and 1' square is three fourths submerged. The water displaced weighs as much as the timber. Find the weight of the timber and its specific gravity.

The speed of vessels at sea is measured in nautical miles or knots per hour. The U. S. Coast Survey knot is 6080.27 feet,

or about the length of 1' of arc on the equator.

A sailor at the stern of a vessel throws overboard a log, or float, that remains stationary as the vessel proceeds. He then counts the number of knots of the line that are reeled out in a given time, usually 28 or 30 seconds. These knots are at such distances apart that the number reeled out in the given time is equal to the number of nautical miles an hour the ship is sailing. Thus, if the log falls behind 14 knots while the sand in the glass runs out, the ship is sailing 14 knots an hour. In the following use I knot 1.15 statute miles.

57. If the Brooklyn is making 22 knots an hour, how many statute miles an hour is she sailing? how many feet per second? 58. The new turbine Cunard steamships average 24 knots an hour. How many statute miles do they sail in an hour? in a day of 24 hours?

59. The cruiser Washington in a 4-hour trial made an average speed of 22.27 knots per hour. How many statute miles, to the nearest hundredth, did she travel

60. A ship sailed on the equator from to 28° 14' west longitude in 24 hours. speed in knots per hour.

per hour?

21° 50′ west longitude Find her approximate

REVIEW PROBLEMS IN INDUSTRIES

467. 1. A Kansas farmer had two fields sown to wheat, one of a mile long and of a mile wide, the other of a mile by ğ of a mile. How many acres of wheat had he?

2. For plowing, 3 gang plows were used, each turning 121 acres per day of 10 hours. How many days and hours did it

take to plow the 390 acres of both fields?

3. If 5 pecks of seed were sown per acre, find the cost, at 60 per bushel, of seed used on the 390 acres.

4. The wheat of the smaller field (150 acres) was reaped and bound into sheaves by a self-binding harvester, and afterward thrashed. If the yield was 3600 bushels, find the yield per acre. Find the cost of thrashing the wheat from this field at 41 per bushel.

5. If the larger field (240 acres) produced the same number of bushels per acre, find the whole yield of both fields.

6. On the larger field a combined harvester and thrasher was used, which reaped and thrashed the wheat and put it into 2-bushel sacks at the rate of 27 sacks per hour. How many days of 10 hours each did it take to reap the 5760 bushels?

7. The owner had his harvest of 9360 bushels carted to an elevator, where it was cleaned and loaded on freight cars at a cost of 11 per bushel. Find this item of expense.

8. Eighteen freight cars were used to carry this wheat. A bushel of wheat weighs 60 pounds. Find the load per car.

9. If the freight bill to Chicago amounted to $1010.88, what was the rate per 100 pounds?

10. At Chicago the charge for elevator storage was per bushel for the first 10 days, and for each succeeding 10 days. Find the cost of storing the 9360 bushels from August 8 to September 16 inclusive.

11. The farmer's entire expense was $2885.75. If the wheat was sold at 65 per bushel, what was his total gain?

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12. It cost 4 per bushel to transport the 9360 bushels of wheat to New York by way of the Great Lakes, Erie canal, and Hudson River. The rate by rail was 16 per 100 pounds. How much more would the freight charges have been by rail?

13. If this crop of 9360 bushels made 4 pounds more than 2063 barrels of flour of 196 pounds each, what decimal part of the weight of the wheat was the weight of the flour?

14. How many bushels of wheat, to the nearest hundredth, did it take to make one barrel of flour?

15. If 100 pounds of flour make 135 1-lb. loaves of bread, how many loaves can a baker make from 5 barrels of flour?

16. Recently the average yield of wheat per acre in various countries was as follows: Great Britain, 31.8 bushels; France, 26; Germany, 19.4; Austria, 16.4; United States, 13.4; Russia, 9. Find the yield from 25 acres in each of these countries.

17. Our country's leading wheat states one year were Minnesota with 68,000,000 bu., Kansas with 65,000,000 bu., and North Dakota with 54,000,000 bu. If these states produced .34 of our entire crop, how much did we produce?

18. In the fall Harvey Smith accepted a position as time

keeper in a lumber camp.

At $1.85 per day, how much did

he earn in 156 working days?

19. With him in the camp were 34 men employed to chop down the trees and saw them into logs. If each received $2.25 per day, what were their combined wages for the 156 days?

20. The wages of 13 teamsters employed for this time amounted to $3853.20. How much did each receive per day?

21. The other occu

pants of the camp were: 1 cook at $45 per month, 1 chore boy at $30, and 1 scaler, who measured and marked the logs, at $45 per month. Find their combined wages for 6 months.

22. Another set of men was employed to make roads to the river. If each received $1.50 per day, how much did the 23 road makers receive in 12 weeks of 6 working days each?

23. The logs were drawn over these roads and rolled into the river. After the breaking up of the ice they were guided down to the mill by log drivers. Seventeen log drivers worked 35 days and received $3123.75 in wages. Find the daily wage of each.

24. What were the total wages paid to the men employed to procure the logs and get them to the mill?

25. At the mill the largest logs went to the band saw. The setter, who places the logs in position, received $2.55 per day;

the dogger, who fastens them, $2; and the sawyer, $5.50. Find the cost of this labor, if the mill was running 184 days.

26. The smaller logs went to the circular saw where they were squared. If the sawyer received $3.75 per day and his assistant as much, find the earnings of each during 184 days.

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27. These logs next went to the gang saw where they were sawed into boards of different thicknesses. How much was paid during the season for work at the gang saw, if the sawyer received $2.75 per day and his 2 assistants $2 each?

28. The final operation was edging and trimming, for which 2 edgers were employed at $2 per day each, and 2 trimmers at $1.85 each. Find their total wages for the season of 184 days.

29. The broken lumber and trimmings were then sorted by a boy and all suitable pieces cut into laths by a lathman. During the season, the boy and man together received $690, of which was the boy's share. How much did each receive per day?

30. As the sawdust and waste were used for fuel, the only cost for power was the engineer's wages, $3.50 per day, and the fireman's wages, $2.25 per day. Find the cost for power.

31. The daily wages of the other employees were: saw filer, $6.50; assistant, $2; millwright, $3.50; assistant, $2.50; and 12 lumber handlers at $1.85 each. Find their total earnings. 32. How much in all was paid for labor in the mill?

33. The average daily output of the mill was 95,000 feet of lumber. What was the output for the whole season?

34. Find the cost of transporting one day's output from the mill to the market at $1.75 per M; the season's output.

35. If of the lumber was spruce worth $22.25 per M, pine worth $28.75 per M, and the rest hemlock worth $19.75 per M, what was the value of one day's output of 95,000 feet?

36. If these were the average prices received, find the receipts. from the lumber supplied by the mill during the season.