1. READING AND WRITING NUMBERS.

What is the greatest number that can be expressed by four figures?

If you add one to nine hundred ninety-nine, how many ones have you? How many thousands? One thousand and nine thousands are how many thousands? How many ten-thousands?

NOTE. A box of Chinese toothpicks can be used in bundles of tens, hundreds, and thousands, to show the ten-thousand.

Write one thousand in figures. In what place does the figure 1 stand? If we wish to express a number ten times as great as 1000, how shall we represent it? One ten-thousand is ten times as great as one thousand. We express the 1 ten

thousand by writing the figure 1 to the left of thousands, in ten-thousands' place; thus, 10,000.

Write 2 ten-thousands. 2 ten-thousands are how many ones? Write 3 ten-thousands and read the number in two ways. (How many thousands? How many ones?)

2. Read the following numbers:

How many ones in each of the last five numbers?

Write the following in figures (each two as one number):

4.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION.

Taking one number as many times as there are units in another, is called Multiplication.

Multiplication is a short method of finding the sum of two or more equal numbers.

Two times 24 cents are how many cents?

2 times $80 ? 2 times 396 = ?

Two times 6 ones are 12 ones. 12 ones equal 1 ten and

396

2

792

2 ones. Write the 2 ones in ones' place. 2 times 9 tens are 18 tens; adding 1 ten we have 19 tens, equal to 1 hundred and 9 tens. Write 9 tens in tens' place. 2 times 3 hundreds are six hundreds; adding one hundred we have 7 hundreds, which we write in hundreds' place. 2 times 396 equals 792. Find the same result by addition, and notice the number of ones added; the number of tens, etc.

396 is called the multiplicand; it is the number to be multiplied.

2 is called the multiplier; it is the number which shows how many times the multiplicand is taken.

792 is called the product; it is the result obtained by multiplying.

The multiplicand and multiplier are called factors of the product.

The sign (×) of multiplication is read multiplied by, when the multiplier follows the multiplicand. 396 × 2792 is read, 396 multiplied by 2 equals 792.

When the multiplier precedes the multiplicand, the sign is read times. 2 × 396 792 is read

=

5. If a man travel 96 miles in a day, how far, at that rate, will he travel in 2 days?

96 miles, traveled in 1 day.

2, number of times 96 miles must be taken.

192 miles, traveled in 2 days.

At $2 a box, what will 87 boxes of lemons cost?

$2, cost of 1 box.

87, number of times $2 must be taken.

$174, cost of 87 boxes of lemons.

Make 87 the multiplier; multiply first by 7, then by 8.

In the first example, which number is the multiplicand? In the last, which is the multiplicand? What are the factors of the product in the first example? What are the factors of the product in the tenth example?

7. Separating a number into equal parts is called Division.

How many times can 2 cents be taken out of 50 cents? How many times out of 80 cents? of 90 cents?

How many 2's can be taken out of 9 tens 8 ones?

Out

Show with the counters that 45 twos can be taken out of 9 tens or 90 ones, and that 4 twos can be taken out of 8 ones. 49 twos can be taken out of 9 tens 8 ones.

Show that 9 tens (or 90) holds 2 ones 4 tens (or 40) times with 1 ten remaining. The one ten is equal to ten ones. Ten ones and 8 ones are 18 ones. 18 ones holds 2 ones 9 times.

How many 2's can be taken out of 972?

2)972

486

2 is contained in 9 hundred 4 hundred times, with 1 hundred remaining undivided, which is equal to 10 tens. 10 tens and 7 tens are 17 tens. 2 is contained in 17 tens 8 tens times, with 1 ten remaining, which is equal to 10 ones. 10 ones and 2 ones are 12 ones. 2 is contained in 12 ones 6 times. 2 can be taken out of 972 486 times, or 486 twos can be taken out of 972.

How many $2 in $972 ?

At $2 a barrel, how many barrels of potatoes can be bought for $972 ?