dry and dab on a little vermillion in spots; then throw on rice, and finish with a bold sprinkle of dark blue. Burnish.

Wax Marble for Leather Book-covers, &c.

This marbling must be done on the fore edge, before the back of the book is rounded, or becomes round, when in boards, and finished on the head and foot. Take beeswax and dissolve it over the fire in an earthen vessel; take quills stripped of their feathers, and tie them together; dip the quill-tops in the wax, and spot the edge, with large and small spots; take a sponge charged with blue, green, or red, and smear over the edge; when done, dash off the wax, and it will be marbled. This will be useful for stationery work, or for folios and quartos.

Egyptian Marble for Leather Book-covers.

1. Yellow. Boil quercitron bark with water and a little powdered alum, over a slow fire, until it is a good strong yellow. Pour the liquid into a broad vessel, sufficiently large to contain the cover when extended. Before the liquid is cool, take the dry cover, and lay the grain side flat on the color; press it lightly that the whole may receive the liquid; let it soak some time, and then take it from the vessel. The book must be covered in the usual manner, and permitted to dry from the fire. Glair the book; when dry, place it between the wands; take a sponge and water, and press large spots thereon; dip a quill-top into the vinegar black, with it touch the water on the cover in different parts, which will have a fine effect when managed with care. Let it stand a few minutes, then take off the water with a clean sponge.

2.—Green.-Color the cover in a large vessel, as mentioned before, with Scott's liquid blue; when done, put it into a vessel of clear water for an hour. Take it out and press out the water, then cover the book. Glair the cover; when dry, place it between wands, and drop weak potash water from a sponge thereon; dip the quill-top into the strong black, and touch the water with it. This must be repeated till you have a good black. When dry, clear it with a sponge and water.

3. Red-Boil Brazil dust in rain-water on a slow fire, with a little powdered alum and a few drops of solution of tin, till a good color is produced. Dip a piece of calf leather into the liquid, and you may ascertain the color wanted. If too light, let it boil till it is reduced to one half of the quantity; take it from the fire, add a few more drops of the solution of tin, and pour it into a large vessel. Put the dry cover on the liquid, and let it remain for a quarter of an hour, then press out the water. Color it over with a sponge and the quercitron bark water, and cover the book. Glair the cover, place it between wands, dash on water with a brush, also potash water; and, lastly, finish it with the strong vinegar black, with the quill-top. Observe that too much black is not put

on; the intention of the marble is to show the red as transparently as possible.

French Marble for Books.

Provide a wooden trough, two inches deep, six inches wide, and the length of a super-royal sheet. Boil in a brass or copper pan any quantity of linseed and water, until a thick mucilage is formed; strain it into the trough and let it cool; then grind on a marble slab any of the following colors in small-beer: Prussian blue, king's yellow, rose pink, vermillion, flake white, lamp-black, brown umber, green, blue, and yellow, orange, red, and yellow, purple, red, and blue, brown, black, and yellow, or red.

The lamp-black and umber must be burnt over the fire to deprive them of their greasy nature.

For each color you must have two cups, one for the color after grinding, the other to mix it with ox-gall, which must be used to thin the colors at discretion. If too If too much gall is used the colors will spread; when they keep their place on the surface of the trough, when moved with a quill, they are fit for use.

To prevent the water entering between the leaves of the book, tie it tight between cutting-boards of the same size, and place the trough in a steady situation, to prevent the colors from moving.

Having all things in perfect readiness for marbling, supposing you begin with the blue, throw on with the brush bold spots of blue, sprinkle very fine with the white on the blue spots, fill up the spaces with red and yellow, by dipping first the quill-top into the yellow, and touching the gum therewith, then with the red. The red and yellow may be waved or drawn round the blue spots with an iron pin, or as the marbler may think proper, according to fancy.

Hold the book with its edge downwards, and press it lightly on the colors so disposed on the gum, and the edge will be immediately marbled. The colors that may remain on the gum must be taken off, by applying paper thereon, before you prepare for marbling again. In this manner you may marble the edges to resemble the end-papers, which will have a pleasing effect.

Chinese Marble for Leather Book-covers, &c.

Color the cover of the book dark brown, and when dry put it into the cutting-press, with the boards perfectly flat; mix whiting and water of a thick consistence and throw it on, in spots or streaks, some large and some small, which must remain till dry. Spot or sprinkle the cover with liquid blue, and lastly throw on large spots of liquid red. The colors must be dry before washing off the whiting.

Orange Sprinkle for Books.

Color the edge with King's yellow, mixed in weak gum-water, then sprinkle with vermillion mixed in the same manner.

Green Sprinkle for Books.

1. Yellow the edge, then sprinkle with dark blue.

2. French berries 1 part; soft water 8 parts. Boil, and add a little powdered alum; then bring it to the required shade of green, by adding liquid blue.

Green Marble for Leather Book-covers, &c.

The edge must be marbled with a good bright green only. When the color is prepared with the ox-gall, and ready for use, a few drops of sweet oil must be mixed therein, the color thrown on with a brush, in large spots, till the gum is perfectly covered. The oil will make a light edge round each spot, and have a good effect. Blue, green, and brown may be also used separately in like

manner.

Sheets of paper may be done, having a trough large enough, and the sheets damped as for printing, before marbling.

Spirits of turpentine may be sprinkled on the colors, which will make white spots.

Binder's Thread Marble.

Yellow the edge; when dry, cut pieces of thick thread over the edge, which will fall on different parts irregularly; give it a fine dark sprinkle, and shake off the thread.

Rice Marble, for Leather Book-covers, &c.

Color the cover with spirits of wine and turmeric, then place on rice in a regular manner; throw on a very fine sprinkle of copperas-water till the cover is nearly black, it remain till dry. The cover may be spotted with the red liquid or potash-water, very freely, before the rice is thrown off the boards.

Met

Orange Color for Marbling or Sprinkling Books, &c. Ground Brazil-wood 16 parts; annotto 4 parts; alum, sugar, and gum-arabic, each 1 part; water 70 parts. Boil, strain, and bottle.

Tree Marble, for Leather Book-covers..

A marble in the form of trees may be done by bending the boards a little on the centre, using the same method as the common marble, having the cover previously prepared. The end of a candle may be rubbed on different parts of the boards, which will form knots.

Vinegar Black for Bookbinders, &c.

Steep iron filings or rusty iron in good vinegar for two or three days, then strain off the liquor.

To Sprinkle Books.

Take a stiff brush made of hogs' bristles, perfectly clean, dip it in the color; squeeze out the superfluous liquid; then rub a

folding-stick across the brush, and a fine sprinkle will fall on the edge of the book, which should be previously screwed tight in the cutting-press. Repeat the operation until the color is thrown equally on every part of the leaves. The brush should be held in the left hand, and the stick in the right.

Purple Sprinkle for Bookbinders.

Logwood chips 4 parts; powdered alum 1 part; soft water 24 parts. Boil until reduced to sixteen parts, and bottle for use. 2. Brazil dust (fine), and mix it with potash-water for use.

Soap Marble for Books.

This is applicable for marbling stationery, book edges, or sheets of paper for ladies' fancy work.

Grind, on a marble slab, Prussian blue, with water, and a little brown soap, to a fine pliable consistence, that it may be thrown on with a small brush.

Grind King's yellow, in the same manner, with water and white

soap.

When green is intended for the ground color, grind it with brown soap, and King's yellow with white soap. Lake may be used for a ground color, and Prussian blue ground with white soap; brown umber for a ground color, and flake-white ground with white soap. Any color of a light substance may be ground for marbling.

Spotted Marble for Books, &c.

After the fore-edge of the book is cut, let it remain in the press, and throw on linseeds in a regular manner; sprinkle the edge with any dark color, till the white paper is covered, then shake off the seeds. Various colors may be used. The edge may be colored with yellow or red before throwing on the seeds and sprinkling with blue. The seeds will make a fine fancy edge when placed very thick on different parts, with a few slightly thrown on the spaces between.

Brown Sprinkle for Leather Book-covers, &c.

Pearlash or potash 1 part; soft water 4 parts. Dissolve and strain.

Red Sprinkle for Binders.

Brazil-wood (ground) 4 parts; alum 1 part; vinegar 4 parts; water 4 parts. Boil until reduced to seven parts, then add a small quantity of loaf-sugar and gum. Bottle for use.

Black Sprinkle for Leather Book-covers, &c.

Green copperas 1 part; soft water, hot, 6 parts. Dissolve.

Stone Marble for Leather Book-covers, &c.

Glair the cover, and when dry put the book into the cuttingpress, with the boards sloping, to cause the colors to run gently

down. Throw on weak copperas-water with a brush; dip a sponge into the strong potash-water, and press out the color from the sponge on different parts of the back, so that the colors may run down each side from the back. Where the brown has left a vacancy apply vitriol-water in the same manner. The book must remain till perfectly dry before washing it.

CRAYONS.

Lithographic Crayons.

1. Take white wax 4 parts; gum-lac 2 parts. Melt over a gentle fire, then add dry tallow soap in shavings 2 parts. Stir until dissolved. Next add white tallow 2 parts; copal varnish 1 part; lampblack 1 part. Mix well, and continue the heat and stirring until, on trial by cooling a little, it appears of a proper quality, which should be that it will bear cutting to a fine point, and trace delicate lines without breaking.

2. Take dry white tallow soap 6 parts; white wax 6 parts; lampblack 1 part. Fuse in a covered vessel.

3. Take lampblack 1 part; tallow soap 2 parts; shell-lac 2 parts; wax 4 parts. Mix, with heat, and mould.

4. Take dried tallow soap 5 parts; wax 4 parts; lampblack 1 part. Mix as before.

Crayons.

1. Shell-lac 6 parts; spirit 4 parts; turpentine 2 parts; color 12 parts; pale clay 12 parts. Mix.

2. Pipe-clay, color as required, water to mix. Form into a stiff paste, and roll it into crayons.

To Fix Crayon Colors:

Paste your paper on canvass, in a frame, in the usual way, then brush over the back two or three times with the following mixture, and when the last coat is dry give the face of the picture one or two coats in the same way. This will make it resemble an oil painting. Spirits of turpentine 10 parts; boiled oil 6 parts. Mix.

To render permanent Chalk or Pencil Drawings.

Lay the drawing on its face, and give the back two or three thin coats of the following (No. 1) mixture; let it dry, and turn it with the chalk upwards, and give that side one or two coats also; lastly, if you choose, give it one or two coats of No. 2.

1. Isinglass or gum-arabic 5 parts; water 12 parts. Mix. 2. Canada balsam 4 parts; turpentine 5 parts. Mix.

Wash to fix Blacklead Pencil Drawings.

1. Isinglass 1 part; water 50 parts. Dissolve with heat, and filter.