Brown Varnish. Rectified spirit 2 gallons; sandarach 3 pounds; shell-lac 2 pounds; pale turpentine varnish 1 quart. Put them into a tin bottle, cork securely, and agitate frequently, placing the tin occasionally in hot water till the gum is dissolved, then add a quart of pale turpentine varnish. Brilliant Amber Spirit Varnish. Fused amber 4 oz.; sandarach 4 oz.; mastic 4 oz.; highly rectified spirit 1 quart. Expose to the heat of a sand bath, with occasional agitation, till dissolved. The amber is fused in a close copper vessel, having a funnel-shaped projection, which passes through the bottom of the furnace by which the vessel is heated. Chinese Varnish. Mastic 2 oz.; sandarach 2 oz.; rectified spirit 1 pint. Close the matrass with bladder, with a pin hole for the escape of vapor; heat to boiling in a sand or water bath, and when dissolved strain through linen. Crystal Varnish. Picked mastic 4 oz.; rectified spirit 1 pint; animal charcoal 1 oz. Digest, and filter. Picture Varnish. Chio turpentine 2 oz.; mastic 12 oz.; camphor glass 4 oz.; rectified oil of turpentine 3 pints. paintings. Canada Varnish. drachm; pounded This is for oil Clear balsam of Canada 4 oz.; camphene 8 oz. Warm gently, and shake together till dissolved. This varnish is for maps, drawings, &c., which must be first sized over with a solution of isinglass, taking care that every part is covered. When dry, the varnish is brushed over it. Tingry's Essence Varnish. Powdered mastic 12 oz.; pure turpentine 14 oz.; camphor 1 oz. ; powdered glass 5 oz.; rectified oil of turpentine 1 quart. Common Turpentine Varnish. This is merely clear pale resin, dissolved in oil of turpentine; usually 5 pounds of resin to 7 pounds of turpentine. Amber Varnish. Amber 16 oz.; melt in an iron pot, and add pint of drying linseed oil, boiling hot, and add 3 oz. resin, and 3 oz. asphalte, each in fine powder. Stir till they are thoroughly incorporated remove from the fire, and add a pint of warm oil of turpentine. Balloon Varnish. Melt india-rubber in small pieces with its weight of boiled linseed oil, and thin it with oil of turpentine. Varnish for Engraving on Copper. Yellow wax 1 oz.; mastic 1 oz.; asphaltum oz. Melt, pour into water, and form into balls for use. A softer varnish for engravers is made thus: Tallow 1 part, and 2 of yellow wax; or, with 2 oz. wax, 1 drachm common turpentine, and 1 drachm olive oil. Etching Varnishes. White wax 2 oz.; asphaltum 2 oz. Melt the wax in a clean pipkin, add the asphaltum in powder, and boil to a proper consistence. Pour it into warm water, and form it into balls, which must be kneaded, and put into taffeta for use. 4 Another. White wax 2 oz.; Burgundy pitchoz; black pitch oz.; melt together, and add by degrees 2 oz. powdered asphaltum, and boil it till a drop cooled on a plate becomes brittle. Another. Equal quantities of linseed oil and mastic, melted together. Engraving Mixture for Writing on Steel. Sulphate of copper 1 oz.; sal ammoniac oz. Pulverize sepa rately, adding a little vermilion to color it, and mix with 14 oz. vinegar. Rub the steel with soft soap, and write with a hard, clean pen, without a slit, dipped in the mixture. Elching Fluids. For COPPER.-1. Aquafortis 2 oz.; water 5 oz. Mix. 2. Callot's Eau Forte for Fine Touches.--Dissolve 4 parts each of verdigris, alum, sea salt, and sal ammoniac, in 8 parts vinegar; add 16 parts water, boil for a minute, and let it cool. For STEEL-1. Iodine 1 oz.; iron filings drachm; water 4 oz. Digest till the iron is dissolved. 2. Pyroligneous acid 4 parts by measure; alcohol 1 part. Mix, and add 1 part double aquafortis (sp. gr. 1·28). Apply it from 11⁄2 to 15 minutes. Varnish for Engraving on Glass. Wax 1 oz.; mastic oz.; asphaltum oz.; turpentine drachm. Another. Mastic 15 parts; turpentine 7; oil of spike 4. Le Blond's Varnish. Keep 4 pounds balsam of copaiva warm in a sand or water bath, and add 16 oz. of copal, previously fused and coarsely powdered, by single ounces, daily, and stir it frequently. When dissolved add a little Chio turpentine. Sealing Wax Varnish. : Black or colored sealing wax, broken small, and sufficient rectified spirit to cover it; digest till dissolved. Black Japan. Boil together a gallon of boiled linseed oil, 8 oz. umber, and 3 oz. asphaltum. When sufficiently cool thin it with oil of turpentine. Brunswick Black. Meit 4 pounds asphaltum, add 2 pounds hot linseed oil, and when sufficiently cool add 1 gallon oil of turpentine. Varnish for Gun Barrels, after browning them. Shell-lac 1 oz ; dragon's blood oz.; rectified spirit 1 quart. Dissolve and filter. Transfer Varnish. Alcohol 5 oz.; pure Venice turpentine 4 oz.; mastic 1 oz. Hair Varnish. Dissolve 1 part of clippings of pigs' bristles, or horsehair, in 10 parts of drying linseed oil, by heat. Fibrous materials (cotton, flax, silk, &c.), imbued with tlie varnish and dried, are used as a substitute for hair cloth. Glass Varnish. This is a solution of soluble glass, and is thus made: Fuse together 15 parts powdered quartz (or fine sand), 10 parts potash, and 1 charcoal. Pulverize the mass, and expose it for some days to the air; treat the whole with cold water, which removes the foreign salts, &c.; boil the residue in 5 parts of water until it dissolves. It is permanent in the air, and not dissolved by water. This varnish is used to protect wood, &c., from fire. Varnish for Gilded Articles.. Gum-lac 4 parts; dragon's blood 4; annatto 4; gamboge 4; saffron 1. Dissolve each resin separately in 8 parts alcohol, and make a separate tincture with the dragon's blood and annatto, also in 8 parts alcohol each; then mix the former together, and add a sufficient quantity of the tinctures to give the required shade and color to the varnish. Gold Varnishes. Turmeric 1 drachm; gamboge 1 drachm; oil of turpentine 2 pints; shell-lac 5 ounces; sandarach 5 oz.; dragon's blood 7 drachms; thin mastic varnish 8 oz. Digest, with occasional agitation, for fourteen days, in a warm place; then set it aside to fine, and pour off the clear. Another. Dutch leaf 1 part; gamboge 4; gum dragon 4; proof spirit 18. Macerate for twelve hours, then grind on a stone slab. Varnish for Water Color Drawings. Canada balsam 1 pint; oil of turpentine 2 parts, mixed. Size the drawing before applying the varnish. Another. Mastic varnish 1 part; drying oil 1. Mix. Another. Equal parts of mastic varnish, drying oil, and turpentine. Mix. Metallic Varnish for Coach Work, &c. Asphaltum 56 pounds. Melt, then add litharge 9 pounds; red lead 7 pounds; boil, then add boiled oil 12 gallons; yellow resin 12 pounds. Again boil, until in cooling the mixture may be rolled into pills; then add spirit of turpentine 30 gallons; lampblack 7 pounds. Mix well. Impermeable Varnish. Boiled oil 100 parts; finely powdered litharge 6 parts; genuine beeswax 5 parts. Boil until sufficiently thick and stringy, then pour off the clear. Engravers Stopping-out Varnish. Take lampblack and turpentine to make a paste. PRACTICAL TABLES. WEIGHT OF METALS-WROUGHT IRON; SQUARE, Round, and Flat, Table 1. contains the weight of Square Iron in sizes, from inch to six inches square, advancing by inch; and from 6 to 12 inches square, advancing by inch; and in lengths, from 1 foot to 18 feet. The sizes are arranged in the first column of each page, and the lengths along the top; the weight in lbs. immediately under the lengths, and in a line with the sizes. Table II. contains the weight of Round Iron in sizes from 4 inch to 6 inches diameter, advancing by inch; and from 6 to 12 inches diameter, advancing by 1 inch; and in lengths, from 1 foot to 18 feet. The sizes, lengths, and weights are arranged as in Table I. Table III. contains the weight of Flat Iron in widths, from inch to 6 inches diameter, advancing by inch; in thicknesses, from inch to 1 inch, advancing by inch; and in lengths, from 1 to 18 feet. The widths, lengths, and weights are arranged as in the preceding tables, and the thicknesses alongside of the widths. The tables are all calculated to the nearest tenth of a pound. To the weights of bars of Wrought Iron addth part for bars of soft steel; and from the same weights subtract 4th part for bars of Cast Iron. 60.8 91.2 1217 152.1 182.5 212.9 243·3 273·7 297·1 321·3 77.0 115.5 154.0 192.5 2310 269.5 308.0 346.5 82.8 124.2 165.6 2070 248-4 289.8 331.3 372-7 88.8 133.3 177.7 222.1 266.5 3109 355 3 399.8 951 142.6 190-1 2377 285.2 3327 380.3 427.8 101.5 152.3 203·0 253.8 304·5 355·3] 406·0 456.8. |