(1.) In a school of forty-seven children, how many thumbs are there? how many fingers? how many toes?

(2.) Going along the road, I first met a flock of thirtyseven sheep, then twenty-nine geese, and then eighteen oxen. How many feet were there among them all?

(3.) There was a school-gallery with five benches. The elder children sat, nine in a row, upon the upper two benches, and the younger children, thirteen in a row, upon the other three benches, and there were seven little ones besides. How many children were there, altogether, in the school?

(4.) There are sixty-five houses in a parish, and each contains, on an average, six persons. How many people live in the parish?

(5.) I went a journey, and travelled, first, by coach for seven hours, at nine miles an hour, then by train for five hours, at twenty-eight miles an hour, and then on horseback for three hours, at eight miles an hour. How far did I travel?

(6.) The children of a school might have been all ranged in five three-sided classes, with five children in the middle, and six on each side, in each class. How many were they?

(7.) How many bottles are there in twenty-seven dozen of wine? How many more are there in a hundred and eleven dozen and eleven?

(8.) A man and his team walk nine miles in ploughing an acre of ground. How many miles will they walk in ploughing a field of thirteen acres?

(9.) There are twelve numbers published every year of

the Gospel Missionary, and each number contains sixteen pages. How many pages do they make, when bound up one volume ?

in

(10.) How many pages would there be in seven volumes of the Gospel Missionary? And how many would there be, supposing one number were missing out of four of the seven volumes?

(11.) Take the number forty-seven nine times; add to the product the difference of nine score and eleven dozen; and take away from the result the sum of nine dozen and eleven score. What now remains?

(12.) A pair of sparrows, while feeding their young, will destroy four hundred and eighty-four caterpillars every day. How many will they destroy in seven days?

(13.) A fleet consisted of two ships of a hundred and twenty guns each, three of a hundred and ten guns, nine seventy-fours, and five frigates of forty-eight guns each. How many guns were there altogether?

(14.) In a village-school there were forty-seven children, and in the infant-school twenty-six. How many cakes were required to be made, so as to give four to each of the former, and two to each of the latter? and how many were left of this number on the day of distribution, when, the weather being wet and stormy, only thirty-eight of the school-children came, and only nine of the infants?

(15.) I want to send back seven dozen and seven empty bottles to a wine merchant, and I find that I have only seventy-seven in my cellar. How many more will be required to make up the full number?

(16.) A child has only twenty teeth in its first set; a fullgrown man has thirty-two teeth. How many more teeth will there be among a class of twelve adults than among a class of twelve children, supposing none to have lost any?

(17.) At a school-feast a bag of nuts was distributed. Eleven children in the first class received each thirty-two nuts, twelve in the second received each twenty-four, seventeen in the third received a dozen each, and twenty-six others nine each. How many nuts were given away in all? (18.) A farmer had a hundred and seventy-seven lambing ewes one season. Of these seventy-nine had twins, and the others single lambs. But he lost one of the former, and five of the latter, with their lambs in each case. How many had he in his flock at the end of the season?

(19.) A grocer receives three boxes of oranges. In one

there were thirty-three dozen, in another, thirty-five dozen and ten, and in the third, thirty-seven dozen and five. How many oranges were there in all ?

6

(20.) I have a dozen dozen nuts in my pockets,' said James. But I,' said John, have a dozen score in my bag.' How many more had John than James?

(21.) In four bags there are six hundred apples. In one there are six score and sixteen, in another, seven score and seventeen, and in a third, eight score and eighteen. How many were there in the fourth?

(22.) At a sale of a stock of wine, A bought seven dozen and six, B bought thirteen dozen and five, and C bought eleven dozen and two; and there were then fourteen dozen and four remaining. How many bottles of wine were there altogether at first?

(23.) One pipe will fill a cistern, at the rate of seven gallons a minute; another will empty it, at the rate of ten gallons a minute. The cistern was quite full, when a mischievous boy turned on both the cocks together, and in thirty-six minutes the cistern was emptied. How many gallons did it hold when full?

(24.) Farmer Brown bought of Farmer Johnson twentythree bullocks, at eleven pounds each; and Farmer Johnson bought of Farmer Brown a hundred and twenty-seven ewes, at two pounds each. Which of them must pay money to the other, and how much?

18. When the multiplier is found in the Multiplication Table, as the product of any two numbers, we may first multiply by one of those numbers, and then multiply the result by the other. It will generally be best to multiply by the largest factor first.

Ex. Multiply 476538 by 42.

7

476538

3335766

6

Here the multiplier 42 is found in the Multiplication table, as the product of 6 times 7. We multiply, therefore, first by 7, and then by 6.

20014596 Ans.

19. Numbers that are formed, like 42, by the multiplication together of two or more factors, are called composite numbers. Numbers which cannot be thus broken up into factors, as, 7, 11, 13, 17, 29, &c., are called prime numbers.

20. If the multiplier end with one or more ciphers, we may proceed as in the annexed example :

Ex. Multiply 320673 by 4400.

320673
11

3527403

4

1410961200

Here the multiplier 4400 = 44 x 100 = 4 × 11 × 100; and we multiply first by 11, then by 4, and then by 100, the last multiplication being effected by simply annexing two ciphers, by which the 14109612 units are changed into 14109612 hundreds.

(1.) There are fifteen companies in a regiment of soldiers, and forty-five men in each company. How many are there composing the whole regiment?

(2.) How many buttons will be wanted for a regiment of one thousand two hundred and seventy-nine men, allowing sixteen buttons for each coat?

(3.) How many quills can be plucked from six hundred and eighty-seven geese, if each wing supplies nine quills?

(4.) There are a hundred and seventy-six houses in a street in London, ninety-eight of which contain on an average nine persons each, and the rest fourteen persons. How many live in the street?

(5.) A dozen dozen is called a gross. How many are there in twenty-seven gross of steel pens?

(6.) The letter-carrier of a certain neighbourhood walks fourteen miles a day. How many miles does he walk in a year of three hundred and sixty-five days?

(7.) There are four-and-twenty sheets in a quire of paper. How many sheets are there in eighteen quires

(8.) How many pounds of prize-money were divided among

C

seventy-three men, so that each received for his share thirtySix pounds?

(9.) The sum of two numbers is three hundred and one, and the greater of the two is two hundred and seventy-seven. Find their product.

(10.) A railway-train travels at the rate of thirty-seven miles an hour. How far will it go in twenty-four hours?

(11.) A person, holding twenty-nine shares in the Great Western Railway, sells out at eighty-eight (that is, he sells each of his shares for eighty-eight pounds). How many pounds did the sale produce? And, if he bought them at seventy-two, how many pounds did he gain by the transaction?

(12.) A boy can point thirteen thousand five hundred and seventy-nine pins in an hour. How many can he point in six days of nine hours each?

(13.) An excursion-train contained forty-two carriages, nine of which were first-class, fourteen second-class, and the rest third-class carriages. Each of the first class carried twelve passengers, each of the second class, sixteen, and each of the third class, twenty-four. How many were there in the train altogether?

(14.) A mason's boy went up and down a ladder with mortar thirty-six times a day. The ladder had twenty-eight rounds. How many steps did he take upon it in the course of the day?

(15.) A body of soldiers can be arranged in a column w th thirty-nine men in front and twenty-four in depth. How many are wanted to make up a square, with thirty-two men in front and thirty-two in depth?

(16.) In Lord Eliott's famous defence of Gibraltar (1779 -1783), besides a vast number of shells and other missiles, there were fired by the English fifty-seven thousand one hundred and sixty-three shot, and a hundred and seventyfive thousand seven hundred and forty-one by the enemy (Spaniards and French). Reckoning the average weight of each ball as eighteen pounds, how many pounds' weight of iron was fired by each party in round shot only?

(17.) A cistern can be emptied by two pipes, one running fourteen gallons, and the other fifteen gallons, a minute. They were both opened together for fifteen minutes, and then the cistern, which had been quite full, was emptied. How many gallons did it hold when full?

(18.) A cattle-dealer went to a fair, with six hundred