argue in the face of fact that the result ought to have been different." 38

As a complement to the masculine illus- Calvinistic trations cited by Froude of the Calvinistic womanhood. character, we quote the following from Dr. L. P. Bowen: "Calvinism has moulded God's own type of womanhood; worth without vanity, self-sacrifice without selfrighteousness, zealous service without immodesty, strong convictions without effrontery, human loveliness heightened and softened by heavenly-mindedness.” “The world has never known", says an able modern scholar, "a higher type of robust and sturdy manhood, nor a gentler, purer, or more lovable womanhood, than have prevailed among those peoples who have imbibed the principles of the Calvinistic creed, with its commingled elements of granitic strength and stability, and of supreme, because Divine, tenderness and grace."

"34

38 Short Studies on Great Subjects", p. 14.

84 Wilson's "Theology of Modern Literature ", p. 278.

"The best models."

"Monumental marble".

44

To the unequalled excellence of the Calvinistic type of character, the Encyclopædia Britannica 35 bears unwilling witness. In its prejudiced article on "Predestination" it "feels bound in justice to make this remark", that Calvinists have been "the highest honor of their own ages and the best models for imitation for every succeeding age."

Said Henry Ward Beecher, in one of the sermons of his prime: "Men may

talk as much as they please against the Calvinists and Puritans and Presbyterians, but you will find when they want to make an investment they have no objection to Calvinism or Puritanism or Presbyterianism. They know that where these systems prevail, where the doctrine of men's obligation to God and man is taught and practiced, there their capital may be safely invested." "They tell us ", he continues, "that Calvinism plies men

35 Early edition, quoted in Smyth's "Ecclesiastical Republicanism", p. 310.

with hammer and with chisel. It does; and the result is monumental marble. Other systems leave men soft and dirty; Calvinism makes them of white marble, to endure forever."

The vast knowledge and piercing insight "Noblest in of Thomas Carlyle none will dispute. His the world." mature conclusion, after a lifetime of historical and biographical study, was that "Calvinism had produced in all countries. in which it really dominated a definite type of character and conception of morals which was the noblest that had yet appeared in the world." 36

A review of the peoples and communities whose character Calvinism has moulded will attest the truth of Carlyle's conclusion.

IN ENGLAND.

Consider that noble body of English Cal- The English vinists whose insistence upon a purer form

of worship and a purer life won for them

36 W. H. Lecky's "The Map of Life", 1900, p. 51.

Puritans.

The Puritan conscience.

the nickname, Puritans, " perhaps the most remarkable body of men", says Macaulay, "which the world has ever produced." 37 Out of their "impassioned Calvinism ", as Taine describes their faith, sprang their adoring love and reverence for God. Sovereign in right and in fact He was to them. "To know Him, to serve Him, to enjoy Him", says Macaulay, " was with them the great end of existence." 38

"This was all their care, To stand approved in sight of God, tho' worlds Judged them perverse."

66

"Their theory of life", says Bayne, was that man's chief end is not to amuse or to be amused, not to create or experience sensation, but to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever." 39 They were men of "celestial purpose, of hallowed imagination, of faith in the Unseen, the Eternal, the Divine." Unsympathetic and prejudiced as Taine

37 Essay on Milton.

38 Id.

3946

English Puritanism." Introduction, p. 65.

is, a skeptic in religion, though a genius in jetters and the greatest historian of English literature, he cannot but wonder at the elevation and energy of the Puritan conscience. "Strict in every duty", he describes it, attentive to the least requirements; disdaining the equivocations of worldly morality, inexhaustible in patience, courage, sacrifice; enthroning purity on the domestic hearth, truth in the tribunal, probity in the counting-house, and labor in the workshop." 40 In his " History of the English People ", Green marks with admiration their "implicit obedience to the Divine will alone", their "moral grandeur", their "manly purity".

Army life is notoriously a school of vice. The Puritan It is the crucial test of morals and religion. army. But the Puritan army has been the wonder of the world as well for its moral purity as its invincible valor. Says Taine, "a perfect Christian made a perfect soldier." Through all that army breathed the martyr spirit of 40. Hist. Eng. Literature” (Alden), vol. I. p. 473.