rived there ten days sooner, with less difficulty and with the sacrifice of fewer men than he lost in all those debouches of the Tyrol, without attaining any end: the possession of Inspruck was an object of great importance, the army would then have been in line upon the Inn. 12thly. The armistice did not accomplish the aim of Government, which, in order to secure the position of the armies, was desirous of possessing the four places of Ulm, Philipsburg, Ingolstad, and Inspruck. Third Remark.—(KRAY.)—1st. Field-marshal Kray committed his army by keeping it in a scattered state on the approach of the opening of the campaign; it was wrong to establish his head-quarters at Donauschingen, and particularly so to place his magazines at Stockach, Engen, and Moskirch. He conducted himself as if Switzerland had been in a state of neutrality; if that had really been the case, his head-quarters and magazines would have been covered by the defiles of the Black Mountains. But, in fact, the French were masters of Switzerland, and of the whole course of the Rhine from Constance to Basle; and his magazines were within half-a-day's march of them, and absolutely in contact with the outposts. 2dly.-Field-marshal Kray manifested skill in the neighbourhood of Ulm; he succeeded in an important point-since, with an army which had been defeated thrice within one month, and which was very inferior, he detained a superior and victorious army forty days under the cannon of his intrenched camp: marches, manœuvres, and fortifications, were designed for no other purpose. But might not the Marshal have done something more on the 16th of May, when Sainte-Suzanne, with less than 20,000 men, was separated from the rest of the army by the Danube, within one hour's march of Kray's intrenched camp? why did not the latter attack him with his concentrated strength? Such favourable opportunities occur but seldom; he ought to have debouched upon Sainte-Suzanne's two divisions with 60,000 men, and destroyed them. 3dly.—Why did he not, on the 26th of May, when the French army was dispersed over a line of twenty leagues, from the Danube to the Lech, debouch with all his forces upon the two divisions of Sainte-Suzanne and Richepanse? He attacked them with but 16,000 men. His attack upon the Iller, on the 4th of June, was made with too much circumspection. and too few troops: the Prince de Reuss ought to have assisted in it, descending the Tyrol with all his forces. If the Austrian general had availed himself of the advantages he possessed, and of the indecision and erroneous manœuvres of his adversary, he would, in spite of the successes and superiority of the latter, have driven him back into Switzerland. GENOA.-MASSENA. 1800. - Respective positions of the Armies of Italy-Genoa--Melas intersects the French army-Massena in vain endeavours to reestablish his communications with his left. He is invested in Genoa-Blockade of Genoa-Melas marches upon the Var: Suchet abandons Nice-Massena attempts to raise the blockade-Pressed by famine, he negotiates. Surrender of Genoa.-The Austrians recross the Alps in order to advance to meet the Army of Reserve. Suchet pursues them-Consequences of the victory of Marengo. Suchet takes possession of Genoa-Critical remarks. THE principal army of the house of Austria was that of Italy: it was commanded by Field-marshal Melas; his effective strength amounted to 140,000 men, of which 130,000 were under arms. The whole of Italy was at the command of the Austrians-from Rome to Milan, from the Isonzo to the Alps contiguous to the coast: neither the Grand Duke. the King of Sardinia, nor the Pope, had been able to obtain permission to return to their dominions. The minister Thugut retained the first at Vienna, the second at Florence, and the third at Venice. The operations of the Austrian administration extended over the whole of Italy. Nothing checked it all the treasures of this beautiful country were devoted to the restoration and improvement of the stores and ammunition of that army, which, proud of the successes it had obtained during the preceding campaign, had now to render itself worthy of fixing the attention of all Europe, and being called upon to perform the principal part in the campaign about to be opened. Nothing seemed above its reach its generals flattered themselves with the certainty of entering Genoa and Nice; passing the Var, and joining the English army of Mahon in the port of Toulon; planting the Austrian eagle upon the towers of the ancient city of Marseilles, and taking up their winter-quarters upon the Rhone and the Durance. In the beginning of the month of March, Field-marshal Melas raised his cantonments, leaving all his cavalry, parks of reserve, and heavy artillery, which would have been useless to him until after passing the Var, in the plains of Italy. He placed 30,000 foot under the command of Generals Wuccassowich, Laudon, |