the rock of Mahon, became the prey of various maladies, and lost a number of their soldiers. Soon after this celebrated battle of the 14th of June, all the Italian patriots were released from the dungeons of Austria, and entered the capital of their nation in triumph, amidst the acclamations of their countrymen, and cries of Viva il liberatore dell' Italia!

The First Consul set out on the 17th of June, from Marengo, for Milan, where he arrived at night he found the city illuminated, and a scene of the most animated rejoicings: every thing proclaimed the reestablishment of the Cisalpine Republic; but the Constitution by which it had been regulated being susceptible of modification, he established a Provisional Government, which left greater facilities for terminating, in a time of peace, the complete and definitive organization of this Republic. Ile charged Petiet, the Commissary-general, who had been Minister of war in France, with the functions of Minister of France to the Cisalpine Republic, instructing him to direct its administration, attend to the wants of the French army, and look into and prevent every Species of abuse.

The Ligurian Republic was thus reorganized, and restored to independence. The Austrians

had not restored the King of Sardinia, when they made themselves masters of Piedmont, but had appropriated the country to their own profit. In this they differed in opinion with the Russians, who wished the King of Sardinia to be reestablished in Piedmont. This monarch, who had landed from Sardinia, was in Tuscany, and had not obtained leave to go to Turin.

The First Consul established a Provisional Government in Piedmont, and nominated General Jourdan Minister of the French Republic to this government. He was charged to superintend it, and to reconcile the interests of the people of Piedmont with those of the French Republic. This general, whose conduct had been somewhat suspicious at the time of the 18th of Brumaire, felt grateful on finding that the First Consul had not only entirely forgotten the past, but was also willing to give him so high a proof of confidence. He devoted all his zeal to the public good.

Though General Massena was guilty of an error in embarking his troops at Genoa, instead of conducting them by land, he had always displayed much character and energy. The services he had rendered in the first campaigns, and latterly at Zurich, testified also in his fa

vour.

The First Consul appointed him Commander-in-chief of the Army of Italy.

The affairs of the French Republic rendered the presence of the First Consul necessary at Paris. He set out on the 5th of Messidor (June 24th), passed through Turin, staying there only two hours, to visit the citadel, crossed Mount Cenis, and arrived at Lyons, where he stopped some time to gratify the inhabitants of the city, and lay the first stone for the rebuilding of the Place Bellecour. This ceremony was rendered sublime by the immense concourse, and the enthusiasm of the people. He arrived in Paris on the 13th of Messidor (July 2d) unexpectedly, and in the middle of the night; but the next day, as soon as the news was spread through the various quarters of that vast capital, all the city and the suburbs ran to the courts and gardens of the palace of the Tuileries. All the labouring people at once left their occupations; and the populace crowded round the windows in the hope of seeing him to whom France. was so much indebted. Acclamations of joy resounded through the gardens, in the courts, and on the quays. In the evening every one, rich or poor, joyfully illuminated his house.

It was a truly glorious day.

APPENDIX.

LETTER from BARRAS and FRERON, Representatives of the people, attending the Army before Toulon,

To their Colleagues composing the Committee of Public Safety.

Marseilles, 11th Frimaire, year II. of the French

Republic, one and indivisible (1793.)

CITIZENS, OUR COLLEAGUES,

WE now lay aside all other business, in order to call your whole attention to our situation in the departments of the Var and the mouths of the Rhone. You, who are at the helm of the state, are well aware that the most destructive warfare to which we are exposed, and on which the despots combined against our liberty chiefly rely, is that of famine. Unfortunately, the state of our magazines in the interior is not such as to relieve us from all anxiety; our efforts, and those of all the deputies in the departments, have been exerted, in conjunction with the zeal of our faithful citizens, to discover the means of procuring corn. Since the troops of the Republic entered the rebellious districts, we have lived only from hand to mouth, and we have found