of the civil officer, unless the keeper or gaoler produce a judge's order for detaining the prisoner in close custody.

81.-All persons who, not having been lawfully invested with the power of arresting, or causing to be arrested, shall give, sign, or execute the arrest of any person whomsoever; all persons who, even in case of arrest according to law, shall receive or detain the person arrested in any place of detention not publicly and legally designated as such; and all keepers and gaolers who shall act contrary to the provisions of the three preceding Articles; shall be deemed guilty of the crime of arbitrary detention.

82. All rigour used in arrests, detentions, or executions, other than such as is authorized by law, is criminal.

83.-All persons have a right to address private petitions to all constituted authorities; and especially to the Tribunate.

84. The public force is essentially obedient; no armed body can deliberate.

85.-The crimes of soldiers are submitted to special tribunals, and to particular forms of judgment.

86.-The French nation declares that pensions shall be granted to all soldiers wounded in defence of the nation, as well as to the widows and children of soldiers

who are killed in the field of battle, or die in conse

quence of their wounds.

87.-National rewards shall be decreed to the warriors who shall have performed brilliant services in fighting for the Republic.

88. A national institute is charged to promote discoveries, and to advance the sciences and arts.

89.-A committee of national accounts shall regulate and verify the accounts of the receipts and expenditure of this Republic. This committee is composed of seven members chosen by the Senate from the national list.

90.-No constituted body can deliberate but in a session, in which at least two-thirds of its members must be present.

91. The government of the French Colonies is determined by special laws.

92.--In case of an armed revolt, or of commotions menacing the safety of the state, the law may suspend, for a definite period, in a specified place, the power of the Constitution.

This suspension may be provisionally declared in the same cases, by a decree of the Government, the Legislative Body being in recess, provided that Body be convoked anew at the shortest possible interval, by

an Article of the same decree.

93.-The French nation declares that in no case will it permit the return of those natives of France, who, having abandoned their country since the 14th of July, 1789, are not comprised in the exceptions contained in the laws enacted against emigrants; it prohibits all new exceptions on this point.

The property of emigrants is irrevocably confiscated to the profit of the Republic.

94. The French nation declares that after a sale of national property lawfully consummated, whatever may be its origin, the lawful purchaser cannot be dispossessed; saving the claims of third parties, if any, to be indemnified out of the public treasure.

95.-The present Constitution shall be forthwith offered to the acceptance of the French people.

Done at Paris, the 22d of Frimaire, year VIII. of the Republic, one and indivisible.

LAW regulating the manner in which the Constitution shall be presented to the French people.

23d of Frimaire, year VIII. (14th December, 1799.)

THE Committee of the Council of Ancients appointed by the Law of the 19th of Brumaire, adopting the motives of the Declaration of Urgency hereinafter contained, approves the Act of Urgency.

(Here follow the Declaration of Urgency, and the Resolution of the 23d of Frimaire.)

The Committee of the Council of Five Hundred created by the law of the 19th of Brumaire last;

Deliberating on the formal proposition, contained in the message of the Consuls dated this day, of regulating by a law the manner in which the Constitution is to be presented to the French people;

Considering that the Constitution intended to substitute for a Provisional Government a definitive and invariable order of things, ought to be offered to the acceptance of the citizens without delay;

That the most suitable and popular mode of acceptation is that which will most promptly and easily satisfy the wants and just impatience of the nation;

Deciares the existence of Urgency.

The Committee, after having declared the Urgency, takes the following resolution:

Article 1.-Registers of acceptation and non-acceptation shall be opened in each commune: the citizens are invited to subscribe, or cause to be subscribed therein, their votes on the Constitution.

II.—The registers shall be opened at the Secretary's office of each adininistration, with the clerks of all the tribunals, with all the communal agents, justices of peace and notaries; the citizens are entitied to choose,

at pleasure, between these different places of registration.

III. The period for voting in each department is fifteen days from the day on which the Constitution shall reach the central administration; and three days for each commune from the day on which the Constitutional Act shall reach the principal place of the

canton.

IV. The Consuls of the Republic are required to regulate and promote the formation, opening, keeping, closing, and forwarding of the registers.

V.--The Consuls are in like manner required to proclaim the results of the votes.

VI.--The present resolution shall be printed.

After a second reading, the Committee of the Council of Ancients approves the above resolution. (23d of Frimaire, year VIII.)

The Consuls of the Republic order that the foregoing law shall be published, executed, and ratified with the seal of the Republic.

Done at the national palace of the Consuls of the Republic, the 23d of Frimaire, year VIII. of the Republic.

ROGER-DUCOs, BONAPARTE, SIEYES.