10. WEIGHT MEASURES

The system of weights used in ordinary measurements is called the system of Avoirdupois weight.

Table of Avoirdupois Weight Measure

A ton of 2000 pounds is sometimes called a short ton, in distinction from a ton of 2240 lb., called a long ton, which is used in measuring some mining products in wholesale transactions.

NOTE. - In addition to the above table of weights, there are other tables of weights used by people engaged in certain technical pursuits. Goldsmiths, in weighing the precious metals and stones, use the system of Troy weight:

Physicians and druggists, in prescriptions, use the system of Apothe caries' weight:

20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple ()

3 scruples 1 dram (3)

8 drams

=

1 ounce (3)

12 ounces = = 1 pound (lb.)

The pound of Troy and Apothecaries' weight is less than the pound Avoirdupois.

The learning of these two tables is part of a technical education.

Reduce:

Exercises in Weight Measure

1. 31 T. to pounds; 81 T. to pounds; 1.75 T. to pounds. 2. 1 T. to hundredweight; 7 T. to hundredweight; 21 T. to hundredweight.

3. 48 oz. to pounds; 144 oz. to pounds; 320 oz. to pounds. 4. 6000 lb. to tons; 18,000 lb. to tons; 3550 lb. to tons. 5. How many pounds in 4480 long tons?

6. How many short tons in 100 long tons! 7. How many long tons in 56 short tons?

Applications of Weight Measure

1. A family pays 30 for 100 lb. of ice. How much is that per 1000 lb.? How much per ton?

2. An ice company stores 300 tons of ice from a pond in winter. How many families would this supply, if each family used, on the average, 1500 lb. a season?

3. A refrigerator in a meat market holds 4 tons of ice. When 2860 lb. have been put in, how many more pounds are required to fill it?

4. A market man has 7850 lb. of ice put into his refrigerator at one time. How much does it cost at $3.90 a ton?

5. A market man has his refrigerator filled with ice once a week. If 6500 lb. are put in each time, on the average, how many tons will be used in a year (52 weeks)? How much will the ice cost for a year at $4 a ton?

6. A man living near a lake cut 150 cakes of ice averaging 80 lb. each. The total cost was $4.80. How much a ton did his ice cost him?

7. Allowing 4 lb. to the cubic foot, how many tons of hay in a mow 32 ft. long, 18 ft. wide, and 14 ft. deep?

8. Find the cost of 27,000 lb. of timothy hay at $18 a ton.

9. A farmer sold his They weighed 8600 lb.

hogs at $7.50 per hundredweight. What did he get for them?

United States Postal Rates

Domestic mail matter is classified as first, second, third, and fourth class. The postage differs for the different classes of mail matter. The postal rates to foreign countries are in general different from the domestic rates.

1. The postage on first-class domestic mail matter is 2¢ an ounce. How much is the postage per pound?

2. Find the postage on each of the following first-class pieces of mail: a package weighing 21 lb.; one weighing 1 lb.; one weighing 1 lb. 8 oz. ; one weighing 2 lb. 6 oz.

3. All classes of mail matter may be registered for safety at a cost of 10 in addition to the regular postage. How much is the postage on a first-class registered package weighing 1 lb. 3 oz. ?

4. I received a package of first-class matter through the mail that had 52 postage on it. How many ounces did it weigh? How many pounds and ounces?

5. The rate of postage on second-class matter, when sent by the publisher, or by a news agency to regular subscribers, or to another news agency, is 1 a pound or fraction thereof. How much is the postage on a piece of second-class matter weighing 2 lb. 5 oz. ?

6. If second-class matter is sent by persons other than the publishers or news agencies, the rate is 1o for each 4 oz. or fraction thereof. What is the rate per pound?

7. If you mail a bundle of newspapers (second class) weighing 2 lb. 8 oz., how much is the postage?

8. The rate of postage on third-class mail matter (books, photographs, etc.) is 1 for each 2 oz. or fraction thereof. How much is the postage on a package of third-class matter weighing 3 lb.? One weighing 24 lb. ?

Problems in Buying and Selling Coal

Coal is found in commercial quantities in 27 states and territories of the United States and in Alaska.

1. The total land surface of the states and territories, including Alaska, is 3,547,746 sq. mi. How many acres? 2. Of this, 280,397 sq. mi. are coal fields. How many acres?

3. Illinois has the largest area of coal fields of all the states. There are 42,900 sq. mi. of coal fields in the state. What decimal part of the coal-field area of the United States is this?

4. In a recent year the output from the coal mines of Illinois was 41,480,104 short tons. How many carloads would this make, allowing 40,000 lb. to the load?

5. If a man can mine an average of 4 tons 500 lb. a day, how many miners, working 300 days of the year, would it require to mine a year's output in Illinois? (See Ex. 4.)

6. Coal dealers buy coal by the short ton from the mines. It is shipped to coal yards in the cities, and then retailed to the consumers. A dealer received one day a car containing 48,000 lb. of coal, one containing 42,800 lb., one containing 46,600 lb., and one containing 39,900 lb. How much did it cost him at $2.75 a ton?

7. A man ordered 10 T. of coal from a coal dealer. It was delivered in loads as follows: 1 T. 850 lb., 1 T. 950 lb., 1 T. 1700 lb., 2 T. 100 lb., 1 T. 900 lb., 1 T. 1500 lb. Did he receive 10 T.?

8. A coal company delivered to a customer one load of coal of 2150 lb., one of 1950 lb., one of 2200 lb., and one of 2350 lb. How much was the bill at $6.50 a ton?

The Products of a Farm

A farmer raises wheat, corn, oats, and hay, which he hauls to market and sells each year. He also raises hogs and cattle, which he ships to the city market.

1. He hauls his wheat, when threshed, and stores it in a large building called an elevator, which is situated by a railroad track. From the elevator it is reshipped later. The capacity of a certain elevator is 2,400,000 bu. Wheat weighs 60 lb. to the bushel. Find the capacity of the elevator in tons.

2. How many carloads, of 60,000 lb. each, does the eleva tor hold?

3. In one day the man delivers four loads of wheat at the elevator, weighing as follows: 2400 lb., 2700 lb., 2550 lb,, and 2350 lb. How many bushels is this?

4. He hauls in all 90,000 lb. of wheat to the elevator. How many bushels?

5. He raises also 1000 bu. of cats. Of this he sells 12 loads of 1 T. each. One bushel of oats weighs 32 lb. much does he get for the oats at 40% a bushel? many bushels does he have left?

How
How

6. He sells 44,890 lb. of timothy hay at $20 per ton, and 46,880 lb. of clover hay at $16 per ton.

he get for the hay?

How much does

7. He sells 40 head of cattle, the total weight of which is 36,500 lb., at $8.40 per hundredweight. How much does he receive for them?

8. He sells hogs, the total weight of which is 19,240 lb., at $9.75 per hundredweight. How much does he receive for them?