Christmas, and no man likes good times better. He is in league with the tapsters for the worshipful of the inns, whom he torments next morning with his art, and has their names more perfect than their men. A new song is better to them than a new jacket, especially if indelicate, which he calls merry, and hates naturally the puritan as an enemy to his mirth. A country wedding and whitsun-ale are the main places he domineers in, where he passes for a musician, and overlooks the bagpipes. The rest of him is drunk and in the stocks.

LONDINIANA.

SAINT PAUL'S SCHOOL.

[Continued from page 190.]

"In general processions, when they be warned, they shall go twayne and twayne together soberlye, and not singe out, but say devoutlye, tweyne and tweyne, seven psalms, with the Lettanye.

To their urine they shall go thereby to a place appointed, and a poore childe of the scole shall se it conveyed awaye from tyme to tyme, and have the avayll of the urine; for other causes, yf nede be, they shall go the waterside.

"Yff any childe, after he is receyved and admitted into the scole, go to any other scole, to learne there after the manner of that scole, then I will that suche childe, for no man's suite, shall be hereafter received into our scole, but go where him lyste, where his friendes shall thincke shall be better learninge. And this I will be showed unto his frendes or other that offer him at his first presenting into the scole.

"WHAT SHALL BE TAUGHT. 'As touching in this scole what shall be taught of the maisters and learned of the scolers, it passeth my witte to devyse, and determine in particular; but in general to speake and sume what to saye my mynde. I would they were taught always in good literature, both Laten and Greeke, and good autors, such as has the very Romayne eloquence joyned with wisdom, specially Cristen authors, that wrote their wisdome with clean and chaste Laten, other in verse or in prose, for my intent is by this scole specially to encrease knowledge and

worshippinge of God and our Lord Christ Jesu, and good Cristen life and manners in the children.

And for that entent, I wil the children learne, first above all the catechizon in Englishe, and after the accidens that I made, or some other, yf any be better to the purpose, to induce the children more spedely to Laten speeche. And then Institutum Christiani Hominis, which that learned Erasmus made at my requeste, and the book called Copia, of the same Erasmus. And then other authors Christian, as Lactantius, Prudentius, and Proba, and Sedulius, and Juvencus, and Baptista Mantuanus, and such other as shall be thought convenient and most to purpose unto the true Laten speeche. All Barbary, all corruption, all Laten adulterate, which ignorante blinde foles brought into this worlde, and with the same hath dystained and poysonyd the old Laten speche, and the veraye Romane tongue, which in the tyme of Tully and Salust, and Virgell, and Terence, was usid, whiche also Sainte Jerome, and Saint Ambrose, and Sainte Austen, and many holy doctors lerned in theyre tymes. I saye that fylthiness, and all such abusion whiche the later blynde worlde brought in, which more rather may be called blotterature than litterature, I utterly abannyshe, and exclude out of this scole, and charge the maisters that they teache always that is beste, and instruct the children in Greke, and redynge Laten, in redynge unto them suche autors that hathe with wisdome joyned the pure chaste eloquence.'

The original endowments of this school was 115l. 15 s. 7 d. per annum; the expenses 791. 88. 4 d. leaving a balance of 381. 16s. 3 d. for 'the reparations, suytes, casuelties, and all other charges extraordinarye.' After the good dean had finished all, he left the perpetual care of the school to the company of Mercers, and when he was asked the reason of so committing the trust, he answered, 'that there was no absolute certainty in human affairs; but for his mind, he found less corruption in such a body of citizens than in any other order or degree of mankind.'

The wisdom of the founder was very obvious in this, declaring that the statutes might be altered according to circumstances, and in such way as to tend to the better government of the

school; this liberality was not less apparent when he extended the benefits of his institution to those who are foreigners," of all nations and countries."

Dean Colet died at Richmond, on the 16th of September, 1519, in the forty-third year of his age; he was buried in the choir of the cathedral, and a monument was erected to his memory by the company of Mercers, which was destroyed by the dreadful conflagration of the cathedral, in 1666; but the representation of it is still preserved in Dugdale's History of Saint Paul's, and Knight's life of the worthy dean.

The ancient school shared also in the great calamity of 1666. It was rebuilt in 1670, by the active zeal of the Mercers' company. The library was added at the same time.

The school-room is large and commodious, and is ornamented with a bust of the founder, by Baron, and another of a late much respected high master, Mr. George Thicknesse, which was placed there by a voluntary subscription of the scholars. To those has been added an excellent bust of the late high master, the Rev. Dr. Roberts, who had been previously presented with an elegant piece of plate by the scholars, on occasion of his resignation. The school consists of eight classes or forms; in the first of which the children learn their rudiments, and from thence, according to their proficiency, are advanced to the other forms, until they rise to the eighth.

St. Paul's is a free school, and confined to that mode of tuition alone which is strictly classical, and without any other charge than the payment of one shilling on the entrance of each boy. The admission of the scholars is in the Mercers' Company: the surveyor accomptant, one of the court assistants, being the officer delegated by them to nominate, during his year of office. Scholars are admitted until the age of fifteen; but at present no boy is eligible to an exhibition if he is admitted after the age of twelve. There is no prescribed time of superannuation by the statutes; but no boy is expected to remain at the school after his nineteenth birth-day.

The Latin Grammar which is used, is that of Lilly, corrected by Ward. And the Greek Grammar that of Camden, or the Westminster. It is to

the honour of St. Paul's School, that the principal grammars for the study of the Latin and Greek languages, throughout the kingdom, should have been the works of its founder and first master, and of Camden, who was one of its scholars.

The number of holidays observed at the school, which are rather numerous, as well as the school hours, have been regulated by the court of assistants. The grand examination of the scholars takes place after Easter, and occupies two days; on the last of which, the seniors of the eighth class make their recitations in Greek, Latin, and English, previous to their admission to some college; and the captain of the school leaves it at that season.

The apposition, a term peculiar to St. Paul's School, is in fact the annual commemoration of the founder; and formerly took place on the second day of the examination. Of late it has usually been held on the Wednesday or Thursday in the examination week. The solemn business of this day is the commemoration of the founder, by three orations in Greek, Latin, and English, composed and spoken by the three senior boys. These are succeeded by two prize compositions in Latin and English verse, and afterwards speeches by the upper boys. The captain of the school generally, but not necessarily, is appointed to a Camden exhibition. The Camden and other exhibitions are given away at this season of the year by the trustees at Mercers' Hall; a court being holden on the day after the apposition by the trustees, called "the apposition court," for the transacting of this and other business relative to St. Paul's School.

There are at present eight exhibitions, which are paid out of a separate estate, being a benefaction founded by Lord Viscount Camden, which is quite distinct from the estate of St. Paul's School itself. This donation consists of a moiety of the tithes of several estates in the county of Northumberland, and of the sum of 16,000 1. bank three per cent. reduced annuities; the gross and annual income of which, in 1815, amounted to the sum of 9001. These exhibitions are of the annual value of 1001. each, and are confined to such scholar or scholars as from time, for ever, shall be preferred from St. Paul's School to Trinity College,

• Apposer signifies an examiner.

Cambridge. Their number is not limited, neither is the time, but it is usually for seven years.

There is an indefinite number of exhibitions of 501. a year each, to any college of either university. They are holden for seven years, and are never given to the same boys who have the Camden exhibitions. There are also some advantages, either as scholarships or exhibitions for Paulines (scholars of St. Paul's School usually so denominated), at Trinity and St. John's Colleges, in the University of Cambridge, founded by Mr. Perry and Dr. Sykes.

In 1780, Mr. John Stock, citizen and draper of London, left 1000l. three per cent. consols, interest of which was to be given to a scholar from St. Paul's School on his entering Bennet's College, Cambridge.

It is highly gratifying to remark, that the Company of Mercers, by their good management of the revenues of the school, have always been enabled to have a fund ready to supply the wants of the more indigent scholars, and by their faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them, have secured such high respect to the foundation as will ever claim the most grateful remembrance.

There are no church preferments belonging to this school. The gross average income is 5,300l. per annum, arising from landed estates, and the interest of the money in the funds, being 26,000l. stock.

The present high master is John Sleath, D. D. whose salary is 6181. per annum, together with a spacious house. The present second master, is the Rev. Rd. Edwards, M. A. whose salary is 3071. per annum, and a house. These gentlemen take boarders. The present under-master or ancient chaplain, is the Rev. W. A. C. Durham, M.Á. whose salary is 227 1. per annum, and a house. And the present assistant master, is the Rev. J. P. Bean, M. A. whose salary is 2571. per annum.

Besides these salaries, there are payments from the school funds to the officers of the company; and as a laudable encouragement to the high masters, that their labours shall not go without their just reward, the company allow a princely annuity of 10001. to the late high master, the Rev. Dr. Roberts, who retired after filling that dignified station about forty-five years, and

was a man of great merit."

There is also an annuity of 601, per annum allowed to the late sub-master's widow.

This distinguished seminary of religion and learning, which has flourished for more than three centuries, has given education to many great and good men, among whom we may enumerate the antiquaries Leland and Camden, John Milton, Dr. Calamy, Cumberland, Bishop of Peterborough, the Duke of Marlborough, the present Bishop of Salisbury, and several others.

EXTRACT FROM A JOURNAL OF A MONTH'S RESIDENCE AT NEW ZEALAND.

Account of the meeting of the travelled New Zealanders on board with their friends and relations on their arrival:

"Before the ship was brought to, she was surrounded with canoes, full of the friends and relations of the chiefs we had on board. To salute them, as well as to exhibit the riches they had acquired by their visit to Port Jackson, our New Zealanders began firing their muskets without intermission, and, indeed so prodigal were they of their powder, that one might presume little of it would remain after their landing for the destructive purposes for which they had gone so far to procure it. When their fathers, brothers, &c. were admitted into the ship, the scene exceeded description; the muskets were all laid aside, and every appearance of joy vanished. It is customary with those extraordinary people to go through the same ceremony upon meeting as upon taking leave of their friends. They join their noses together, and remain in this position for at least half an hour; during which time they sob and howl in the most doleful manner. If there be many friends gathered around the person who has returned, the nearest relation takes possession of his nose, while the others hang upon his arms, shoulders, and legs, and keep perfect time with the chief mourner (if he may be so called) in the various expressions of his lamentations. This ended, they resume their wonted cheerfulness, and enter into a detail of all that has happened during their separation. As there were nine new Zealanders just returned, and more than three times that number to commemorate the event, the howl was quite tremendous, and so

novel to almost every one in the ship, that it was with difficulty our people's attention could be kept to matters, at that moment, much more essential. Little Repero, who had frequently boasted during the passage that he was too much of an Englishman ever to cry again, made a strong effort when his father, Shungie, approached him, to keep his word; but his early habit soon got the better of his resolution, and he evinced, if possible, more dis. tress than any of the others. There was something particularly respectable in the appearance of Shungie; in person he was a fine looking man, and was dressed in the uniform coat of a British officer. Though one of the most powerful chiefs in the Bay of Islands, and its bravest and most enterprizing warrior, he was by far the least assuming of those who had been permitted to come on board; and, while many of the others tried to force their way into the cabin, he remained with his son on deck, nor did he attempt to go anywhere without an invitation."

Description of the Return of a Victo

rious Expedition.

"The warriors were in their full dress, their hair tied up in a bunch on their heads and ornamented with white feathers, and their faces and bodies besmeared with oil and red ochre. They recounted to the groups that surrounded them the different events of their excursion, with much gesture and energy; while the captives sat patiently upon the beach, awaiting the lot which was to consign them to their respective masters. They consisted of men, women, and children; some of the latter not two years old; and forlorn as their situation was, they seemed to have paid as much attention to the ornamenting of their persons, as those who were placed in more fortunate circumstances.

"Among the women there was one who excited particular interest; she was young and handsome; and though the other prisoners occasionally talked among themselves, she sat silent and alone, and appeared lost in affliction. We learned that her father, who had been a chief of some consequence at the river Thames, was killed by the man whose prisoner she now was; and we observed him sitting at no great distance from her during the greater part of the day. He was the

brother of Towi, the principal person at Rangehoo, and was a singularly fine-looking youth. The extraordinary scenes that we witnessed detained us in the neighbourhood of Tippoona until evening; and, as we were preparing to return to the ship, we were drawn to that part of the beach where the prisoners were, by the most doleful cries and lamentations. Here was the interesting young slave in a situation that ought to have softened the heart of the most unfeeling.

"The man who had slain her father, having cut off his head, and preserved it by a process peculiar to these islanders, took it out of a basket where it had hitherto been concealed, and threw it into the lap of the unhappy daughter. At once she seized it with a degree of phrenzy not to be described, pressed its inanimate nose to her own, and held it in this position until her tears ran over every part of it. She then laid it down, and with a bit of sharp shell disfigured her person in so shocking a manner, that in a few minutes not a vestige of her former beauty remained. She first began by cutting her arms, then her breasts, and latterly her face. Every incision was so deep as to cause a gush of blood; but she seemed quite insensible to pain, and performed the operation with heroic resolution.

He whose cruelty had caused this frightful exhibition was evidently amused at the horror with which we viewed it; and, laying hold of the head by the hair, which was long and black, offered to sell it to us for an axe, turned it in various ways to show it off to the best advantage, and when no purchaser was to be found, replaced it in the basket from whence he had taken it. The features were as perfect as when in life, and though the daughter was quite grown up, the head of her father appeared to be that of a youthful and handsome man.'

"Every thing being now ready for sea, the women were ordered to leave the ship: many of them lived on board, and with the same persons, since we returned from Shakehanga. They imitated, as far as they could, the English manner of dress, conformed themselves to English customs, and shewed as much regard for their protectors as they could for their real husbands. Their manners shewed how the ferocity of savage life is

softened down in the female character; and what with their songs and dances, they afforded the people amusement, while, by acquiring a knowledge of washing, and other domestic occupations, they became very useful to them. In taking their leave they went through the same ceremony of crying and cutting themselves with the shell, that they usually perform when parting with those who have a more legitimate claim upon their affections. The mild treatment of the Europeans, when compared with that of their countrymen, had gained their esteem and admiration; and, besides the natural regret they felt in withdrawing from those they had so long lived with, they had to anticipate the inconveniences and miseries of savage life, and the degrading and sometimes brutal treatment of those to whom they were about to return."

BIOGRAPHY,

LORD GARDENSTONE. Francis Garden was born at Edinburgh, June 24th, 1721. After passing through the usual course of liberal education at the university of his own native city, he applied to the study of the law as a profession, and was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1744. In the year 1764 Mr. Garden was permitted to be his Majesty's solicitor general, and shortly after was raised to the bench, when he assumed the title of Lord Gardenstone, His lordship had, a few years before this event, made a purchase of the estate of Johnston, in the county of Kincardine; and his office of judge affording him considerable leisure, he now commenced upon his property one of the most liberal schemes of improvement which have been witnessed in Scotland for the last century. Adjoining to the estate was a miserable village, called Laurencekirk. In 1730, the number of inhabitants in it did not exceed eighty, and, at the time of Lord Gardenstone's purchase they had decreased to fifty-four. In 1765, his lordship laid down the plan of a new village, and began to offer leases of small farms, and ground for building upon, for the term of one hundred years, at a low rent, and on the most liberal conditions. Settlers of all descriptions flocked rapidly to the village;

and as a still farther encouragement, his lordship in a few years reduced his ground rents to one half of the original rate. His next object was to provide employment for this increasing population; and with this view, he engaged in several undertakings, which were not, however, attended with that success which he anticipated. Projects for the establishment of a printfield, and manufactories of linen and stockings, attempted with sanguine hopes in the new village, and chiefly at his lordship's risk and expense, misgave in such a manner as might well have dispirited a man of less steady and ardent philanthropy. But the village, notwithstanding, still continued to increase in size and prosperity; and many useful manufactories sprung up, as it were spontaneously, among the people themselves; in particular that of the snuff boxes, for which Laurencekirk has since become so famous. In 1779, his lordship procured it to be created into a Burgh of Barony, with power to elect every three years a baillie and four counsellers, to regulate the police of the burgh, with the privilege of holding weekly markets and an annual fair. He also erected a handsome inn for the reception oftravellers, and furnished it with a library for their amusement, probably the only one of the kind in the three kingdoms, and with an album for the reception of fugitive specimens of poetry, in imitation of those to be met with at most places of rate on the continent. To complete his lordship's satisfaction, he had, at length, the pleasure of seeing here, a linen manufactory and a bleachfield established, and in a thriving state.

The late Mr. Skrine, an English tourist, describes it in the following animated terms: "The taste and liberality of Lord Gardenstone have decorated this spot in a manner very unusual in Scotland, neatness appearing to be its prevailing character, and even elegance being in some respects studied. Not content with employing those leisure hours, which the high station he held in a laborious profession allowed him, in adorning his partimonial territory, this nobleman extended his cares over all the poorer orders of the people, and shone most as the patron of industry and virtue. Renouncing all those oppressive and invidious privileges which still exist as relics of the feudal system in Scot