land, he set a noble example to the great landholders in his neighbourhood, and obtained a just portion of admiration and applause, without meanly courting public favour, or seeking adulation from sycophants. Inflexibly severe in holding the balance of justice; he restrained transgressions by his authority, and prevented the temptation to commit them, by the judicious liberality with which he encouraged industry,and established various manufactories within his extensive domain. The village of Laurencekirk owes its existence and prosperity to those active virtues, being entirely rebuilt by his munificence."

In a memoir which his lordship had occasion to write concerning this village, he thus nobly estimates the satisfaction which he had derived from the undertaking. He says, "that he had tried in some measure a variety of the pleasures which mankind pursue; but never relished any so much as the pleasure arising from the progress of his village."

As a landholder and improver, Lord Gardenstone deserves a place with the Dawsons, the Kaimes, the Dempsters, and the Sinclairs of his country. He exhibited on his estate an example, which, if generally followed, would soon make emigration a forgotten evil. Never had the labouring classes a patron who looked into their wants with a more anxious eye, or with a more earnest desire to relieve them.

Often was he in the midst of them on a

visit of beneficence, when they knew it not; delighting, according to common fame, in such humble disguises as those of a beggar or a ballad singer, to find his way to their firesides, and there to learn how they fared, and how their condition could possibly be improved.

Lord Gardenstone died on the 22d of July 1793 aged 73, universally and deeply regretted.

Would it not be greatly to the honour and permanent advantage of great landholders, noble lords, and wealthy commoners, to follow the illustrious example of Lord Gardenstone? And why may they not follow so praiseworthy an example? Do they not possess the means in an eminent degree? It would supersede the necessity of our industrious and inge

nious artisans having recourse to emi-
gration to seek subsistence in foreign
lands, or to rely for precarious relief
on parish resources, or any other tem-
porary expedient.
Pimlico, Nov. 19, 1823.

T. H.

ITALIAN LITERATURE.

MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF THE
ITALIAN POET, TORQUATO
TASSO.

[Continued from page 196.]

Tasso then went to Mantua, where he found Duke Gulielmo in a decrepid age, and little disposed to protect him against the Duke of Ferrara: the Prince Vicentio Gonzaga received him indeed with great caresses, but was too young to take him under his protection.

From thence he went to Padua and Venice, but carrying with him in every part his fears of the Duke of Ferrara, he at last had recourse to the Duke of Urbino, who showed him great kindness, but was little inclined to embroil himself with

his brother-in-law on such an account:
he advised Tasso rather to return to

Ferrara, which counsel he took, re-
solving once more to try his fortune
with the Duke. Alphonso, pretending
that study had disordered his head,
caused him to be confined in the Hos-
pital of St. Ann. Tasso tried in vain
to soften the Duke, and obtain his
liberty; but to those who applied in
his behalf, the Duke answered, "that
instead of concerning themselves with
the complaints of a person in his con-
dition, who was very little capable of
judging for his own good, they ought
rather to exhort him patiently to sub-
mit to such remedies as were judged
proper for him. This confinement threw
abandoned himself to his misfortunes,
Tasso into the deepest despair: he
and the methods made use of to cure
him of the madness they pretended
him to labour under, nearly threw him
into absolute delirium. His imagina-
tion was so disturbed, that he believed
the cause of his distemper was not
natural; and sometimes fancied himself
haunted by spirits, that continually
disordered his books and papers; and
the tricks played him by his keeper
Whilst
heightened these notions.
Tassso remained under this melan-
choly, he is said to have written the
following simple, elegant, and affecting
lines:-

SATURDAY NIGHT.

FEMALE BEAUTY AND

ORNAMENT.

The ladies in Japan gild their teeth; and those of the Indies paint them red. The pearl of teeth must be died black to be beautiful in Guzurat. In Greenland the ladies colour their faces with blue and yellow. However fresh the complexion of a Muscovite may be, she would think herself very ugly if she was not plastered over with paint. The Chinese must have their feet as diminutive as those of the she-goats, and to render them thus their youth is passed in tortures. In ancient Persia an aquiline nose was often thought worthy of the crown; and if there was any competition between two princes, the people generally went by this crite rion of Majesty. In some countries the mothers break the noses of their children; and in others press the head between two boards, that it may be. come square. The modern Persians have a strong aversion tò red hair; the Turks, on the contrary, are warm adThe female Hottentot mirers of it. receives from the hand of her lover, not silks nor wreaths of flowers, but warm guts and reeking tripe, to dress herself with enviable ornaments.

In China small round eyes are liked; and the girls are continually plucking their eyebrows that they may be thin and long. The Turkish women dip a gold brush in the tincture of a black drug, which they pass over their eyebrows. It is too visible by day, but looks shining by night; they tinge their nails with a rose colour. An African beauty must have small eyes, thick lips, a large flat nose, and a skin beautifully black. The Emperor of Monomotapa would not change his amiable negress for the most brilliant European beauty.

An ornament for the nose appears to
us perfectly unnecessary. The Peru-
vians, however, think otherwise; and
they hang on it a weighty ring, the
thickness of which is proportioned by
the rank of their husbands. The cus-
tom of boring it, as our ladies do their
ears, is very common in several nations.
Through the perforation are hung vari-
ous materials,-gold, stones, a single
and sometimes a great number of gold
rings.

The female head-dress is carried in
some countries to singular extrava-
The Chinese fair carries on
gance.
her head the figure of a certain bird.

This bird is composed of copper, or
of gold, according to the quality of the
person, the wings of which spread out,
fall over the front of the head-dress,
and conceal the temple. The tail, long
and open, forms a beautiful tuft of fea-
thers. The beak covers the top of the
nose; the neck is fastened to the body
of the artificial animal by a spring,
that it may the more freely play and
The extravagance of the Myaulses
tremble at the slightest motion.
is far more ridiculous than the above.
They carry on their heads a slight
board, rather longer than a foot, and
cover their hair, and seal it with wax.
about six inches broad; with this they
They cannot lie down, nor lean, with-
out keeping the neck straight, and the
country being very woody, it is not
uncommon to find them with their
head-dress entangled in the trees.
Whenever they comb their hair, they
pass an hour by the fire in melting the
wax; but this combing is performed
only once or twice a year.

The inhabitants of the land of Natal
wear caps, or bonnets, from six to ten
oxen. They then gradually anoint the
inches high, composed of the fat of
head with a purer grease, which, mix-
ing with the hair, fastens these bonnets
for their lives.

In Circassia, Georgia, and Hin-
dostan, it is one of the first objects of a
mother's care to promote the growth
of her children's eye-lashes. Hair left
to itself seldom grows long, but either
or becomes smaller and smaller till it
splits at the top into two or more forks,
ends in a fine gossamer-like point. When
it does so, it never grows any longer,
but remains stationary. The Circassian
method of treating the eye-lashes is
mother removes, with a pair of scissors,
founded on this principle. The careful
the forked and gossamer-like points
(not more) of the eye-lashes, and every
time this is done their growth is re-
newed, and they become long, close,
finely curved, and of a silky gloss. This
operation of tipping may be repeated
every month or six weeks. The eye-
lashes of infants and children are best
tipped when they are asleep. Ladies
may, with a little care, do the office
invaluable to those whose eye-lashes
for themselves. This secret must be
have been thinned and dwarfed, as
often happens by inflammation of the

eyes.

IN

MANNERS
DURING THE

SCOTLAND LAST CENTURY. That the manners of the olden times in Scotland I write of may be properly understood by those of the present day, I here insert Mr. Barclay's relation of the most memorable things that passed in his father's house from the beginning of the century to the year 14, in which his father died. "My brother," says he, "was married in the year 4, at the age of 21; few men were married after this time of life. I myself was married by my friends at the age of 18, which was thought a proper age. Sir James Stuart's marriage with President Dalrymple's second daughter brought together a number of people related to both families. At the sign ing of the eldest Miss Dalrymple's contract the year before, there was an entire hogshead of wine drank that night; and the number of people that was at Sir J. Stuart's was little less; the marriage was in the president's house, with as many of the relations as it would hold. The bride's favours were all sown on her gown, from top to bottom, and round the neck and sleeves; the moment the ceremony was performed the whole company ran to her and pulled off the favours; in an instant she was stript of them all. The next ceremony was the garter, which the bridegroom's man attempted to pull from her leg, but she dropt it on the floor; it was a white and silver riband, which was cut in small morsels, for every one in the company. The bride's mother then came in with a

the bed covered with some neat pieces of sewed work or white satin, with with the same; she in full dress, with three pillows at her back, covered Having informed her acquaintance a lappet dress and a fan in her hand. what day she is to see company, they all come and pay their respects to her, standing or walking through the room, for there are no chairs; they drink a glass of wine and eat a piece of cake, and then give place to others. Towards the end of the week all the the Cummufeales; this was a supper friends were asked to what was called where every gentleman brought a pint of wine to be drank by him and his wife: the supper was a ham at the head, and a pyramid of fowls at the bottom, hens and ducks below, partridges at top; there was an eating posset in the middle of the table, with sides. When they had finished their dried fruits and sweetmeats at the supper the meat was removed, and in an instant every one flies to the sweetscramble ensued, chairs were overmeats to pocket them, on which a turned, and every thing on the table, wrestling and pulling at one another with the utmost noise and violence. When all was quiet, they went to the stoups (for there were no bottles of good share; for though it was a diswine), of which the women had a grace to be seen drunk, yet it was none to be a little intoxicated in good company. A few days after this the christening, which was always in the same company were asked to the church, all in high dress, a number of them young ladies, who were called sented the child to the father. After maiden cummers; one of them prethe ceremony, they dined and supped by a ball. together, and the night after concluded

OF A MURDER.

basket of favours belonging to the bridegroom, those and the bride's were the same with the bearings of their families; her's pink and white, his blue and gold colour. dined and supped together, and had a The company ball in the evening: the same next day at Sir James Stuart's. On Sunday there went from the president's house EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERY to church 23 couple, all in high dress. Mr. Barclay, then a boy, led the youngest Miss Dalrymple, who was the last of them. They filled the galleries of the church from the king's seat to the wing loft. The feasting continued till they had gone through all the friends of the family, with a ball every night." As the baptism was another public place, he goes on to describe it thus:-"On the fourth week after the lady's delivery, she was set on her bed, on a low footstool,

Almost the last ease of note in which the torture was used in France before the Revolution, was one of a very extraordinary nature. It is observed by the French editor of the collection of cases from which the following is taken, that the most trivial circumstances may sometimes be of considerable importance in the investigation of truth, but especially in judicial inquiries, where a trifling incident may serve to clear the character or save