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swallow your soup by the pint, you will in a few seconds get to the end of the race, and have the distressing leisure to look on, like a simpleton, while your more knowing neighbours are quietly enjoying the nicest tit-bits, of the entremets and dessert, for which you have not reserved a single corner. Be wise in time-'tis madness to make

haste

Each bit ill-chosen fills its corner up,

the pores of the stomach close from sympathy, and hunger is renewed as keenly as before dinner. The whole, done in silence, does not occupy three minutes; and in the mean time another course is placed upon the table. This contributes much to wholesome digestion, and may be used by the most delicate invalid; we are sorry we cannot say as much for bitters as brandy, which are only for the strong and fear

And leaves nor space nor appetite for less. Cold water drank during dinner

dainties.

On this important point, it may be necessary just to repeat that the stomach can only hold about three pints, and whoever imports more than this quantity, must lay his account with finding a glut in the market.

Keep always under the total measure of three pints-making a small allowance for the gas that will be necessarily evolved from mixtures,-and you may eat with safety of all the dishes at table, from one to fifty or a hundred. In drinking you may indulge more freely, as the liquor will quickly make its escape through the pores. As soon as you have finished each helping, the coup d'apres is excellent, that is a whetcup of half a glass of iced wine. This, says M. Grimrod de Reynier, prevents flatulence, and gives tone to the bowels. But of all other whets during dinner, we most admire Dr. Gastaldy's coup du milieu, and have introduced it with great eclat at our committee dinners. It is this: once, or oftener, during dinner, a smart little girl, aged ten or twelve, neatly dressed in white, with pink trimmings, enters with a small tray and glasses, containing aromatic iced bitters, and makes the tour of the table, returning again in silence. Some prefer rum or brandy to the bitters: Mr. Wallace always keeps by his Ferintosh. The coup du milieu is said to have originated in Bourdeaux.

Another whet for prolonging hunger, which we have had the honour of introducing, is above all others for invigorating the health. Between each course, our sylph is in readiness with glasses, iced water, a small sponge, and a fine napkin, which are set before each guest for the purpose of cooling the face and hands. The face is of more importance in this case than the hands, and in this consists our improvement. The moment the cold sponge is passed over the brow and cheeks,

is also a powerful whet, but yet it is nothing to our method. We need not speak of sauces and pickles; the whetting powers of these are well known; but we warn the gouty, the rheumatis, and all other invalids, to beware of them, for "death" is assuredly "in the pot."

AN AMERICAN COURT OF
JUSTICE.
FROM FAUX.

At noon I roamed into the Supreme Court, where I saw my new friend, the Supreme Judge, Wilson, on the bench, in the midst of three rustic dirty-looking associate judges, all robeless, and dressed in coarse drab, domestic, homespun coats, dark silk handkerchiefs round their necks, and otherwise not superior in outward appearance to our low fen-farmers in England. Thus they sat, presiding with ease and ability over a bar of plain talkative lawyers, all robeless, very funny and conversational in their speeches, manners, and conduct; dressed in plain box-coats, and sitting with their feet and knees higher than their noses, and pointing obliquely to the bench of judges; thus making their speeches, and examining and cross-examining evidence at a plain long table, with the brown earthen jug of cold water before them, for occassionally wetting their whistles, and washing their quidstained lips; all judges, jury, counsel, witnesses, and prisoners, seemed free, easy, and happy. The Supreme Judge is only distinguished from the rest by a shabby blue threadbare coat, dirty trowsers, and unblacked shoes. Thus sat all their lordships, freely, and frequently chewing tobacco, and appearing as uninterested as could be. Judge Wilson is, however, a smart intelligent man, rather jocular, and, I think, kind-hearted.

MANUFACTURING A BARO

METER.

FROM THE CALCUTTA GAZETTE.

Take a common phial bottle and cut off the rim and part of the neck. This may be done by a piece of string, or rather whip-cord, twisted round it and pulled strongly by two persons in a sawing position, one of whom holds the bottle firmly in his left hand. Heated in a few minutes by the friction of the string, and then dipped suddenly into cold water, the bottle will be decapitated more easily than by any other

means.

Let the phial be now nearly filled with pump water, and applying the finger to its mouth, turn it quickly upside down; on removing the finger, it will be found that only a few drops escape. Without cork or stopper of any kind, the water will be retained within the bottle by the pressure of the external air, the weight of air without the phial being so much greater than the small quantity within it.

Now let a bit of tape be tied round the middle of the bottle, to which the two ends of the string may be attached so as to form a loop to hang on a nail: let it be thus suspended in a perpendicular manner, with the mouth open, downwards, and this is the barometer. When the weather is fair, and inclined to be so, the water will be level with the section of the neck, or rather elevated above it, and forming a concave surface. When disposed to be wet, a drop will appear at the mouth, which will enlarge till it falls, and then another drop, while the humidity of the atmosphere continues.

she made her escape up the river, under concealment of the rushes; but the lion came steadily forward, and stood still to look at us. At this moment we felt our situation not free from danger, as the animal seemed preparing to spring upon us, and we were standing on the bank at the distance of only a few yards from him, most of us being on foot and unarmed, without any visible possibility of escap. ing. I had given up my horse to the hunters, and was on foot myself; but there was no time for fear, and it was useless to attempt avoiding him. Poor Truy was in great alarm; she clasped her infant to her bosom, and screamed out, as if she thought her destruction inevitable, calling out to those who were nearest the animal, "Take care! Take care!" In great fear for my safety, she half insisted on my moving farther off. I however stood well upon my guard, holding my pistols in my hand, with my finger upon the trigger; and those who had muskets kept themselves prepared in the same manner. But at this instant, the dogs boldly flew in between us and the lion, and surrounding him, kept him at bay by their violent and resolute barking. The courage of these faithful animals was most admirable; they advanced up to the sides of the huge beast, and stood making the greatest clamour in his face, without the least appearance of fear. The lion, conscious of his strength, remained unmoved at their noisy attempts, and kept his head turned towards us. At one moment, the dogs perceiving his eye thus engaged, had advanced close to his feet, and seemed as if they wouid actually seize hold of him; but they paid dearly

ENCOUNTER BETWEEN A LION for their imprudence, for without dis

AND DOGS.

FROM BURDELL'S TRAVELS IN AFRICA. The dogs seemed much to enjoy prowling about and examining every bushy place, and at last met with some object among the rushes, which caused them to set up a most vehement and -determined barking. We explored the spot with caution, as we suspected, from the peculiar tone of their bark, that it was, what it proved to be, lions. Having encouraged the dogs to drive them out, a task which they performed with great willingness, we had a full view of an enormous black-maned lion, and a lioness. The latter was seen only for a minute, as

composing the majestic and steady attitude in which he stood fixed, be merely moved his paw, and at the next instant I beheld two lying dead. In doing this, he made so little exertion, that it was scarcely perceptible by what means they had been killed. Of the time which we had gained by the interference of the dogs, not a moment was lost; we fired upon him; one of the balls went through his side just between the short ribs, and the blood immediately began to flow; but the animal still remained standing in the same position. We had now no doubt that he would spring upon us; every gun was instantly reloaded; but

happily we were mistaken, and were not sorry to see him move quietly away; though I had hoped, in a few minutes to have been enabled to take hold of his paw without danger.

A TREATISE ON THE CULTURE
AND MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT
TREES. By Charles Harrison.
London, 1823.

This is certainly one of the best Treatises that has appeared for many years; it is written in a plain easy style, devoid of all that technicality with which most works of a similar nature are in general loaded. The author writes to be understood, and that is the essence of all works of instruction. We shall select his chapter on the management of the gooseberry and currant trees as being likely to be of service to our readers.

On the Gooseberry Tree.--Gooseberry trees like a good, deep, strong, rich, loamy soil, and almost any airy situation is suitable for them; but the crop is most abundant when the situation is favourable to their protection, in spring, from the cold east winds, which are frequently destructive to the blossom of those trees. Trees of this kind may be planted in quarters by themselves, in borders round the garden, or so as to train them against a trellis. In planting them in quarters, they ought to be six feet apart in the rows, and eight feet between the rows; and when it is designed to plant them against a trellis, they must be planted nearer or farther apart, according to the height of the trellis. A trellis of five feet high is what I prefer, for, when it is higher, it will shade the next row of trees behind, unless the trellis be fixed so as to point from south to north, but they are best when constructed from east to west, as the trees have the full advantage of the sun. Trees planted against a trellis, as described, should be set four feet apart in the rows, and six feet betwixt the rows. In planting the trees, always spread the roots regularly round the bole, and at four inches from the surface; let the tree be mulched and watered immediately after being planted.

The trees afterwards require a summer and a winter regulation. In furnishing the tree with wood, let the bearing shoots be six feet apart. The summer regulation must be performed

about the end of June or early in July, in doing which, let any strong luxuriant shoots be taken away, also all suckers which may be arising. It is a practice with some persons, at this season of the year, to pinch off the ends of all shoots upon the tree, but I disapprove of it as a general practice, because I have had ample proof that it causes the tree to send forth a greater number of useless shoots, and thus its strength is thrown away.

There is also another injury done to the tree at the early part of the season, by the gathering of the fruit when it is green, and before it has attained half the size it would have done. In doing this, some persons clear whole trees of the berries which were upon them; the effect of which is, that the trees being so suddenly deprived of their produce, receive a very severe check, and the superabundance of sap is expended in a great production of suckers and luxuriant shoots, thus their strength is thrown away and the trees greatly injured. Instead of this, I always thin off the berries from every tree, and thus the fruit which remains is improved in size, and the object of a supply of green gooseberries is obtained, whilst a proper reserve is left for ripening. If it be desired to have very large fruit, it may be obtained by a judicious thinning, shading of the fruit from hot sun, and, when the fruit approaches maturity, from rain; also by watering the roots with manure water. The water which I use is, three quarts of drainings from a dunghill, to one quart drained from fowls' or pigeons' dung, which must be applied so as to keep the soil in a moist condition. Let manure water be used twice, and pure water once in regular succession.

The winter pruning must be performed as early in the season as possible. A proper distribution of shoots must be left throughout the tree, so that the bearing shoots he six inches apart. In shortening the shoots of a good healthy tree, cut them to twelve buds, and reserve one lateral shoot as near to the origin of each main branch or shoot as possible. Cut clean away all shoots or branches not wanted, and let all suckers be pulled or grubbed up. As soon as the trees are pruned, let the mixture for the destruction of insects be applied.

When the winter has set in let a quantity of well rotted manure be

spread upon the soil to the extent that the roots reach to. The strength of this will be washed down into the ground, and will enrich the soil, also be destructive of the larvae of any insects which may be in the ground. At the following spring, the best rotted part of the manure may be just turned under the soil, but not to dig deeper than three inches, as far as the roots extend, but the other part of the soil must be dug a spit deep. Where there is the conveniency of having well rotted tanners' bark, I should recommend that it be occasionally used instead of manure.

On the Currant Tree.-The treatment of the currant tree is the same as that directed for the gooseberry, with the exception of pruning. In pruning the currant tree, always endeavour to keep a plentiful supply of young vigorous wood, as the fruit is much finer when produced from such, than from short spurs. In order to obtain suitable wood, it is necessary to cut out a certain quantity of the old wood every year, and, with the exception of the main limbs, let no wood be retained that is more than four years old. The main limbs of the tree must always be disposed at a proper distance from each other, so that the bearing wood may not be crowded. The shoots retained must be left about four inches apart, and their ends be cut off; strong vigorous shoots must have about three inches cut off the end, and less vigorous ones in proportion. Always use a knife for pruning the trees, and not a pair of garden shears, as is generally practised.

BIOGRAPHY.

MARCO BOTZARI,

THE ACHILLES OF THE MODERN GREEKS.

Marco Botzari was not more than thirty or thirty-one years of age when he fell, in the moment of victory, in a late sanguinary engagement with the Turks, near Valto. On this occasion he placed himself at the head of a determined phalanx of four hundred Suliotes, who penetrating into the very centre of a column of five thousand Turks, Marco received a musketball in the head, and instantly expired. He had previously been severely wounded in the groin, but concealed his situation from his followers. Another account, however, states, that

Botzari penetrated to the tent of the Pacha himself, whom he slew, but was wounded by a black servant, faithful to the Pacha, while he was exhibiting his head to the soldiers.-This chieftain was the son of Kitzo Botzari, the head of his tribe during their long war with the late Ali Pacha.-Marco was a man of no education, but in his youth he exhibited traits of great personal courage, as well as high notions of justice and honour. Throughout his career, he was never known to violate these principles. In the numerous engagements at which he commanded, and in which he was victorious, he was equally distinguished by his uncommon bravery, and by his rigid adherence to justice. On no occasion could he ever be prevailed upon to take that share of the spoils to which, as commander, he was entitled. All was divided equally among his followers. With them, too, he shared all the dangers and hardships of the campaign. He was neither armed, attired, nor fed in any way superior to his men. His arms consisted of a musket, a pistol of very inferior quality, a sabre, and a Turkish knife. He has frequently refused large bribes offered him by the Turks, if he would retire into the Ionian Isles. On one occasion he refused a sum of five thousand pounds sterling. His notions of justice were not confined to his public conduct, they entered into the most trifling transactions of his life. A friend of Marco was once in his presence playing at cards. This man had contrived to mark the cards in such a manner as to ensure his winning the game. Marco, however, exposed the cheat, exclaiming, "there is no true victory, my friend, but that which is gained by. fair skill and open courage."

When the Suliotes made common cause with Ali Pacha against the Turks, Marco was the terror of all the Pachas and Albanians. On one occasion, a friend of the writer of this notice saw him at the head of a little band of twenty-five "lion-hearted Greeks," as he expressed himself, attack and completely rout more than two hundred Turks in the plain of Arta!

At length the superior talents of this brave soldier recommended him to the particular notice of Prince Mavrocordato. A sincere friendship was formed between these two leaders. The influence which Marco had obtained over the minds and conduct of his country

men, was the principal support of the credit of Mavrocordato. On the death of Botzari, the intelligent Greeks in this country foretold the speedy fall of that prince. It has been said that Mavrocordato's desire of forming a connection between Greece and England, was the cause of his barbarous massacre by the populace. This is much doubted. It is rather suspected that the unpopularity of Mavrocordato rendered unpopular the proposed measure of the union with England.

It is owing to the brave conduct of Botzari at the siege and storming of Missolonghi, that the Greek cause has now assumed such a prosperous appearance. This town was invested by fifteen thousand troops. Marco, however, kept possession of this almost unfortified place with a handful of men only, not exceeding in number three hundred. In this campaign, he and Mavrocordato occasioned the Turks a loss of more than three thousand men! On one occasion the Turkish troops had actually got possession by assault of the outposts of Missolonghi. Marco's men had been forced to retire, and were endeavouring to make their escape by their boats. Marco, however, followed, made a gallant effort to rally them, and completely succeeded. Again placing himself at their head, he attacked the Turks unexpectedly, and gained a complete victory!

The following anecdotes prove that the Greeks have at least had one man amongst them, in our own times, who justifies the eloquent eulogium of Lord Erskine, where he says that "the Greeks can boast of many men who never ought to have died, whereas the Turks cannot produce the name of one who ever ought to have lived."Marco Botzari's father was assassinated, at the instigation of Ali Pacha, by a man called Capitan Gozo. At the time the Greeks rose upon their oppressors, this agent in the death of Kitzo Botzari was considered capable of performing an important service in the cause of freedom. Marco sought an interview with this man, and assured him that this was an epoch in which he had dismissed all passions but the love of country. "It was not you," he exclaimed," that killed my father, but your commander, Ali Pacha." A friend, who had been dining with Marco at Arta, and who after dinner was walking in the town with him, became

greatly alarmed in consequence of several balls from the Turkish batteries falling near them; Marco observing this, laughingly pointed at the balls, and said, "These are only apples, my friend, which the Turks have sent us for our dessert."

It appears that the Greeks have shown their respect for this brave man, by interring his remains with great magnificence. The Turks, however, have been exhibiting a head at Constantinople, which they pretend is the head of Botzari. But this is a common practice with them. Many of the Greek leaders now living have had the honour of having their heads exhibited by proxy.

TO THE MEMORY OF MARCO BOTZARI.

Translated from the Modern Greek. "Three hundred hearts at red Thermopyla,

The noble Spartan led to death and

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ALGERNON SYDNEY Thus describes to his father his situation when he was living in exile upon the Continent. The letter is dated from Frescati, near Rome, 1661:"Here is what I look for; health, quiet, and solitude. I am with somme eagernesse fallen to reading, and finde soe much satisfaction in it, that though I every morning see the sunne rise, I never goe abroade 'till six or seven of the clocke at night. Yet cannot I be soe sure of my temper as to know certainly how long this manner of life will please me. I cannot but rejoice, and am delighted to finde, that when

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