5. Peasant proprietorship. Is the expediency of encouraging this form of tenure affected by the character of different agricultural operations?

6. Criticise Mr. De Quincey's theory of supply and demand in their effect

7.

upon prices.

· All taxation is an evil.' In what sense is this statement true? 8. What constitutes the capital of a country?

9. What is communism? Can you give any illustrations of it from the social life of communities?

10. What was the colonial system'? What is the present economical value of her colonies to the United Kingdom?

RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE.

(THE BIBLE.)

(Time allowed, 3 hours.)

1. Sketch briefly the life of Abraham.

2. In what respects are Isaac, Joshua, David, and Jonah "types" of our Lord?

3. Narrate the circumstances that led to the captivity of the Ten Tribes. 4. What do you know of the Samaritans? On what occasions are they mentioned in the New Testament?

5. Write down the names of the Twelve Apostles, and mention any other names or appellations by which any of them are called.

6. Give the substance, and as much as you can of the words, of our Lord's answers on the following occasions :

(a) When his disciples asked, "Why then say the scribes that Elias must first come." "9

(b) When they asked, “Did this man sin, or his parents, that he was born blind ?"

(c) When Philip said, "Show us of the Father, and it sufficeth

us."

(d) When Peter asked, "Lord, and what shall this man do?" 7. Sketch a map of Palestine, as large as your paper will permit, and mark on it the course of the Jordan, the Sea of Tiberias, the Dead Sea, and the situation of Jerusalem, Jericho, Samaria, Cæsarea, Cæsarea Philippi, Capernaum, Nazareth, Cana, Hebron.

8. Write out, as nearly as you can in the words of the Bible, the parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard. What lesson was it intended to convey (1) to those who heard it, (2) to us?

9. What was the charge brought against Stephen? How did he answer Describe the circumstances of his death.

it?

10. Give a brief outline of the substance of any one of St. Paul's Epistles.

L

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT.

(Time 3 hours.)

1. How would you organize a school of 60 children from 7 to 13 years of age, supposing you had one capable assistant? Draw a plan of the schoolroom you would prefer, showing the arrangement of the classes, and the forms and desks.

2. What are the chief difficulties in teaching a young child to read? By what methods may they best be overcome?

3. What are the chief characteristics of good reading?

4. Describe fully, and illustrate by an example, how yon would teach a class Long Division so that they might see the reason of each step. 5. In what order would you propose to teach the elements of grammar? Give reasons for your answer.

6. Write down the heads of a lesson on any one of the following subjects(1) the sheep, (2) salt, (3) self-help.

7. Show the importance (1) of questioning, (2) of lecturing. Draw up a few hints on the best methods to be employed in each.

8. What are most important statistics to be recorded in a school, (1) to aid the schoolmaster in his work, (2) for the information of the school managers? Draw up tables such as would be most useful for both purposes.

ENGLISH COMPOSITION, OR CORRESPONDENCE.

In test examinations the candidate is usually required to write at least two folio pages on some abstract subject. The following have lately been proposed :

Prudence, Benevolence, Honesty.

In competitions the specimens given are often on some topic of public interest at the time. The following have recently been given:

Visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Egypt, the New Year, Emulation, the Elephant, Summer.

The examiners, as a rule, prefer a simple narrative style of composition, without any great attempt at ornament or metaphor. The time varies from 1 to 2 hours.

CHEMISTRY.

Specimen Paper.

1. Define the term element. What elements are gaseous, what are liquids, under the ordinary conditions of the globe? What changes do these undergo by considerable alteration of such conditions?

2. State the law of multiple proportions; and illustrate it by means of the oxides (1) of nitrogen, (2) of manganese.

3. Give the chemical names of, and write in formulæ, alum, common salt, green vitriol, calomel, corrosive sublimate, and chloride of lime.

4. The equivalent of aluminium is 13.7. How much per cent. of oxygen, of sulphur, and of aluminium is contained in the anhydrous normal (or neutral) sulphate of alumina ?

5. Of what gases does the atmosphere consist? Give any accurate method of effecting its analysis; and state the results of this analysis.

6. Explain the changes resulting from the action (1) of hydrochloric acid, (2) of strong nitric acid, (3) of very dilute nitric acid, on gold, iron, tin, and zinc respectively; and state any facts regarding the modification of the result by the purity or the alloying of any of these metals.

7. Define the terms temperature, specific heat, and latent heat, and the term volume as applied to a gas.

8. What law has been asserted connecting the specific heats of the several elements? How far is it universal?

9. What is meant by the theoretical density of carbon vapour? Within what limits is its determination true, and on what assumptions is that determination based?

10. Describe the oxides (1) of carbon, (2) of iron; and give a complete account of the most important oxides of chlorine.

11. Phosphoric acid is tribasic. Give illustrations of each type of its salts. It undergoes modifications by the action of heat. Under what circumstances, and what types of salts result?

12. What is meant by the empiric as distinguished from the rational formula of a substance? Illustrate each by means of acetic acid. 13. Describe the chemical changes involved in the process called the vinous fermentation

14. The analyst employs sulphuretted hydrogen to separate metals from each other. Into what groups does he thus divide them, and what principles are involved in the separation ?

15. A solution contains lead, tin, nickel, iron, zinc, magnesia, potash, with hydrochloric and nitric acids. Give, in detail, the process of of analysing (qualitatively) such a solution.

16. Give a series of illustrations, (1) from minerals, (2) from the products of the laboratory, of isomorphism, dimorphism, allotropism, and isomerism.

NATURAL SCIENCE.

Specimen Paper I.

1. Enumerate the various kinds of levers, and state the general relation between the power and weight, when balanced on a lever.

2. Explain fully the principle of the graduation in the common and in the Danish steelyard.

3. What are the three laws of motion in dynamics, and how is their truth

established?

4. Explain the construction and use of a common barometer and its vernier. Show also how a self-registering thermometer may be constructed.

5. Define specific gravity, and give a method by which the specific gravity of a body lighter than the fluid in which it is weighed may

be found.

A piece of metal whose weight in water is 12 ounces is attached to a piece of wood which weighs 16 ounces in vacuo, and the weight of the two in water is 8 ounces; find the specific gravity of the wood.

6. Explain the following terins: equator, ecliptic, zenith, solstice, meredian, meredian line, nadir, horizon, perihelion, solstitial colure, magnetic variation, compression of the earth.

7. Explain how it is that in sailing round the word a day is either lost or gained.

8. Explain the following phenomena :

(1) The changes of the seasons.

(2) The different lengths of day and night.

3) The comparative absence of twilight in the tropics.

(4) The trade winds.

(5) The harvest moon.

(6) The phases of the moon.

9. State concisely the principal arguments by which it may be proved (1) that the earth moves round its own axis, (2) that it moves round the sun.

10. Explain fully why the clock is sometimes before and sometimes behind How often are they together? What is this phenomenon

the sun. called?

11. On the 31st January,-when it is 3.15 p.m. at Dublin, Lat. 53.20, Long. 6.15,-what is the hour and season at Rio Janeiro, S. Lat. 23o, W. Long. 43°?

12. Describe the common astronomical telescope, and show how its magnifying power may be measured.

13. How is a telescope made achromatic?

14. What are the various effects produced on bodies by heat? What exception is there to the law that the bulk of bodies increases with their temperature? What result would follow if this exception did not exist?

15. What hypotheses have been framed as to the formation of coal? Which do you prefer? Give your reasons.

Specimen Paper II.

1. Explain the principle of the mechanical power known as the wheel and axle. How is the principle practically employed for obtaining large mechanical advantage?

NATURAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.

165

2. Illustrate by reference to the inclined plane and the screw the saying "What is gained in power is lost in time."

3. What are the requisites of a good balance? Explain popularly the means practically employed for securing them.

4. Enunciate the first and second laws of motion, and state some consider. ations which suggest their truth. How is their truth finally established?

5. Explain the nature of impact between two elastic bodies. If one billiard ball moving at the rate of 4 feet per second overtakes another similar ball moving at the rate of 1 foot per second, determine their motions after impact, their elasticity being.

6. Describe and explain the principles of Bramah's press, and for any given machine, calculate the mechanical advantage.

7. Explain by a figure or otherwise how the length of the day at a place varies, and how it is that the sun does not always rise and set at the same points of the horizon.

8. Give an explanation of the tides, and account for spring and neap tides. Can you mention any local tidal peculiarities?

9. How would the present arrangement of the seasons be affected if the earth's axis

(1) Were perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic?

(2) Retaining its parallelism, were in the plane of the ecliptic? (3) Pointed always towards the sun?

10. Explain what is meant by the term refraction. What effect does it produce upon

(1) The apparent position of a star?

(2) The horizontal diameter of the sun or moon?

(3) The vertical diameter ?

11. When light is incident on glass, into what portions is it divided? State the laws of reflection and refraction. Can you give any account of the two great hypotheses which have been framed to account for the phenomena of light?

12. Describe Herschel's telescope, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Trace the course of a pencil of rays through it from an external point to the eye.

13. Coal has sometimes been accounted for as the result of drift by water of masses of vegetable matter, sometimes as an accumulation of such matter by growth in situ. What hypotheses do these views involve, and what circumstances lend probability to each view? 14. What are the usual characteristics of a mineral vein? How far is its wealth found to depend on the rock it traverses? Describe the methods adopted by the practical miner for the discovery of a lode. 15. State the law of multiple proportions, and illustrate it by means of the oxides of (1) sulphur, (2) carbon, (3) iron.

16. Show how to test a solution tor silver, soda, and arsenic.