son, two whereof, Sarah and Judith Carter died before, and are buried near her. Piously she lived, and comfortably died, in the joyful assurance of a happy eternitie, leaving to her friends the sweet perfume of a good reputation."

EAST OF THE CHURCH, AND MUTILATED.

V.

"To the memory of Betty Carter, second wife of Robert Carter, Esq., youngest daughter of Thomas Landon, Esq., and Mary his wife, of Grednal, in the county of Hereford, the ancient seat of the family and place of her. nativity. She bore to her husband ten children, five sons and five daughters, three of whom-Sarah, Betty, and Ludlow-died before her and are buried near her. She was a person of great and exemplary piety and charity in every relation wherein she stood: whether considered as a Christian, a wife, a mother, a mistress, a neighbour, or a friend, her conduct was equalled by few, excelled by none. She changed this life for a better on the 3d of July, 1710, in the 36th year of her age and 19th of her marriage. May her descendants make their mother's virtues and graces the pattern of their lives and actions!"

EAST OF THE CHURCH.

VI.

"Under this stone are the remains of Mary Carter, the affectionate wifo of Charles Carter, of Corotoman, who died on the 30th of January, 1770, after a painful illness of three months, during which time she discovered a truly Christian fortitude, aged 34 years."

Mr. Carter moved to Shirly, on James River, in 1776, and married Ann Butler Moore,—his second wife.

The following translation of Mr. Robert Carter's epitaph may be a help to some of our readers :

"Here lies buried Robert Carter, Esq., an honourable man, who by noble endowments and pure morals gave lustre to his gentle birth.

"Rector of William and Mary, he sustained that institution in its most trying times. He was Speaker of the House of Burgesses, and Treasurer under the most serene Princes William, Anne, George I. and II.

"Elected by the House its Speaker six years, and Governor of the Colony for more than a year, he upheld equally the regal dignity and the public freedom.

"Possessed of ample wealth, blamelessly acquired, he built and endowed, at his own expense, this sacred edifice, a signal monument of his piety toward God. He furnished it richly.

"Entertaining his friends kindly, he was neither a prodigal nor a par

simonious host.

"His first wife was Judith, daughter of John Armistead, Esq.; his second Betty, a descendant of the noble family of Landons. By these wives he had many children, on whose education he expended large sums of money.

"At length, full of honours and of years, when he had well performed all the duties of an exemplary life, he departed from this world on the 4th day of August, in the 69th year of his age.

"The unhappy lament their lost comforter, the widows their lost prorector, and the orphans their lost father."

MINISTERS OF THE PARISHES OF CHRIST CHURCH AND ST. MARY's.

We have already stated that the same ministers served both parishes. Who the first minister or ministers were, we are unable to state; but upon the vestry-book, whose loss we lament, there was one whose name and history were too striking to be forgotten. His name was Andrew Jackson, and, for what cause we know not, some one wrote his name, and he made his mark, beneath the name of one of the John Carters. He was not Episcopally ordained, and this led to a correspondence between the vestry and one of the Governors of Virginia,-most probably Governor Nicholson,—at a time when an order came from England that the law requiring all holding livings in the Church to be Episcopally ordained should be enforced in Virginia. The vestry remonstrated earnestly with the Governor against its execution in the case of their minister, Mr. Jackson. They plead that he had been serving the parish faithfully for twenty-five years, that he was much esteemed and beloved, had brought up a large family of children, and laid up something for them from his industrious culture of the glebe, (then and now a good farm near the church,) and the people were very unwilling to part with him. They urged one argument very emphatically, viz.: that, by reason of the inferiority of the quality of tobacco raised in the Northern Neck of Virginia, by comparison with that in many other parts, it being worth less by twopence per pound, the parish was not on an equal footing with a large number elsewhere in procuring suitable ministers, and that, therefore, they ought to be allowed to retain the one whom they had. What was the issue of the controversy either did not appear or is not recollected. My impression is that it took place early in the last century, and that he was succeeded by the Rev. John Bell, who was certainly the minister in 1713, and continued so until the year 1743, when, at his death, the Rev. David Currie succeeded, and continued until his death in 1792,-nearly fifty years. If such be the case, then were the people of Lancaster served for more than one hundred years by three ministers, who were esteemed and loved by them. In my previous account of the Carter family I have spoken more particularly of Mr. Currie, whose descendants are numerous and respectable and have adhered to the Church of their worthy an cestor. At the death of Mr. Currie, in 1791, the Rev. David Ball appears for one year on the list of our clerical delegates to the

Convention, and for one only. Whether he was of the large famil of Balls belonging to Lancaster, or whence he came, or whither he went, I know not. He was followed by a Rev. Mr. Leland and Rev. Mr. Page, each for a short time. Of each of these I shall speak in another place. In 1794, no clerical delegate appears; but there were two laymen,-Mr. Raleigh Downman and Mr. William Eustace. From the year 1796 to the year 1805, the Rev. Daniel McNaughton is on our list as minister of this parish. James Ball, Martin Shearman, and William Montague appear as lay delegates. In 1812, Raleigh Downman and J. M. Smith are lay delegates. In 1813, the Rev. Samuel Low is minister. Between him and his friends, and Mr. McNaughton, there was for some time a contest for the parish and the use of the churches. On one occasion Mr. Low had all the congregation in the churchyard, and preached from the seat behind a carriage, while Mr McNaughton had the pulpit and the empty pews within. They were both of them such unworthy characters, though in different ways, that we shall not waste time and words upon them. In the year 1824, the Rev. Ira Parker, an ignorant and incompetent minister, took charge of the parish, but soon left it for some other. After floating about for a few years, he adopted the system of Swedenborg, and was dismissed from the ministry. In the year 1832, the Rev. Ephraim Adams took charge of the parish and continued its minister for four years. He was a worthy man, but, by reason of some peculiarities, unfitted for much usefulness. In 1838, the Rev. Francis McGuire was its minister; and, in 1839, the Rev. Mr. Bryant, of whom we have spoken elsewhere, succeeded. In 1844 and 1845, the Rev. Mr. Richmond was its minister. In 1850 and 1851, the Rev. Mr. Nash. In 1853, its present minister, the Rev. Edmund Withers, took charge of it. Within the last few years a small church has been built at Kilmarnock, about four miles from Old Christ Church. It being more convenient to the majority of the people in that region than the old one, services are held there alternately. Although but few attend generally at the old and venerable one, by reason of its inconvenient location, yet at my recent visit to it, although there were other services near at hand, one hundred and seventy-five persons might be counted there on a Sabbath morning. It is somewhat remarkable that Kilmarnock is the very spot on which the vestry determined to build a new church nearly one hundred and fifty years ago, deeming it the most central and convenient place, when Mr. Carter offered to build one at his own expense, if allowed to locate it nearer to his

residence at Corotoman. Tradition says that the bricks of which the church is built were brought from England. It is far more probable that it is true in this case than in most of the other houses, public or private, of which the same report has come down to us; for Mr. Carter, having so many vessels from England assigned to him, may, at little cost, have had English bricks put in as ballast, and then conveyed in flatboats up the creek, within a short distance of the place where the church stands. Piles of stones thus coming from England may yet be seen near the riverbank at Corotoman, there cast to prevent the waves from depredating on the bank near his house.

List of Vestrymen in St. Mary's Parish, before the union of the parishes, from 1739 to 1756, and of both parishes after the union.

William Bertrand, William Ball, Jr., Joseph Ball, Joseph Heale, Jos. Chinn, Martin Shearman, Raleigh Chinn, Richard Chichester, Jesse Ball, Robert Mitchell, Colonel Ball, Major Ball, (making five Balls in one. vestry,) Joseph Carter, Thomas Chinn. In the year 1743, the following vestrymen from Christ Church met with the vestry of St. Mary's White Chapel, viz.: Henry Carter, Henry Lawson, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Steptoe, Mr. Martin, Captain Tayloe, Colonel Conway, Thomas Lawson, John Steptoe, Mr. Pinkard. At this time six of each vestry are appointed tc form a general vestry, and it is sometimes difficult to determine to which parish each one belongs. Hugh Bent, from Christ Church, James Ball, Jr., Dale Carter, Stephen Towles, George Payne, Merryman Payne, Richard Selden, Thomas Chinn, Solomon Ewell, John Fleet, William Dymer, Charles Carter, John Chinn, James Kiok, Thaddeus McCarty, Thomas Griffin, Thomas Lawson, Edwin Conway, William Montague, in place of Charles Carter, in 1776, Henry Towles, James Newby, William Sydnor, John Berryman, Colonel John Tayloe, James Brent, William Chewning, James Ball, Jr.

In 1786, Cyrus Griffin is appointed to attend the Episcopal Convention in Richmond, and James Ball to attend the examination of the Rev. Edward Jones at the court-house. For what purpose and of what character that examination was, is not certainly known, but it is believed to have been a kind of trial under a canon of Virginia. Thus ends the vestry-book.

WHITE CHAPEL CHURCH

The first church was torn down. From the vestry-book it appears that the present was built in 1740. It was contracted for with Mr. James Jones. In that year Major James Ball and Mr. Joseph Ball are allowed to build a gallery in the church for their families, provided it be completed at the same time with the church, and finished in the same style with the west gallery. Leave is also granted to two

of the Balls and two Mr. Burgesses to build an end-gallery on the same terms. The house was originally in the form of a cross. The two wings have been taken down, and it is now an oblong square.

In the early part of the last century the parishes must have been in a flourishing condition, so far as numbers and attendants go. In the year 1724, Mr. Bell, who had then been their minister for twelve years, informs the Bishop of London that there were three hundred families in it; that the churches were thronged; that almost all the white persons in the parish attended; that there were a great many negroes who neither understood his language, nor he theirs; that the old church was opened to them, and the word preached, and the sacraments administered with circumspection. He says at that time the two parishes were united in one, and called Trinity: but of this we read nothing, either in the Acts of Assembly or in the vestry-book. Around Old White Chapel Church, under the venerable pines. which enclose it on two sides, and near an old county road, lie a number of those strong, heavy tombstones which betoken a deep regard of the living for the dead. Almost all of them are inscribed with the name of Ball,-a name which so abounds in the vestrybook, the county, and the State. Through the attention of a friend I have a document of more ancient date than any tombstone inscription there. It is a description of the coat of arms of the family of Ball, brought to this country about the year 1650, by the first of the name who came to Virginia. The coat of arms has much that is bold about it, as a lion rampant, with a globe in his paw, and there is helmet and shield and vizor, and coat of mail, and other things betokening strength and courage; but none of these suit my work. There is, however, one thing which does. On the scroll which belongs to it are these words:" Columque tueri." They were taken, of course, from these lines of Ovid:

"Pronaque cum spectant animalia cætera terram

Os homini sublime dedit, cœlumque tueri."

May it be a memento to all his posterity to look upward, and "seek the things which are above." On the back of the original copy of this armorial document are the following words, in a bold hand, such as was common in those days:-" The coat of arms of Colonel William Ball, who came from England with his family about the year 1650, and settled at the mouth of Corotoman River, in Lancaster county, Virginia, and died in 1669, leaving two sons, William and Joseph, and one daughter, Hannah, who married Daniel Fox. William left eight sons, (and one daughter,) five of