Electoral commission, i. 277, n. y1. Bracton, Littleton, Coke, Hale, &c., i. Blackstone's Commentaries, i. 512. Emancipation. (See Slave.) of children by parents, ii. 193, 194. effect of charter parties, iii. 249. liability of ship owners for, ii. 606. right of tenant for years to, iv. 109, Emerigon, iii. 345, n. (a), 348. 421, n. (c), 459, n. (a). right of state to interfere with fran- chises, iii. 459, n. (a). Cf. i. 419, n. 1. panies on their duties, ii. 611, n. 1; rights of Congress in making internal right of endorsee to sue on the con- blank. iii. 89, 90. special, iii. 89. legal effect of, iii. 89. of bills overdue, iii. 91. of bills on demand, out of time, iii. equities of defence, when and how far admits preceding signatures, iii. 114. Enemy's property, how affected by state property, in neutral vessels, i. 81, 82, equitable liens on, disregarded by despatches, not to be carried, i. 152, despatches carried, confiscation of Enemy, trade with, unlawful, i. 67 and n. 1. as to commerce, i. 71, 75. by owning the soil, i. 71. by residence, i. 71-80. by sailing under his flag, i. 85. Enemy, old laws as to, i. 87, 90. English decisions, their weight, i. 69, 70. Enlistment, against friendly powers unlaw- Enrolment of ships, iii. 143-145. doctrine of, ii. 509, n. (ƒ). Entirety, tenants by, ii. 132 and ns. 1 and Entry, right of, iv. 387, 388, 432, n. (d). forcible, action after, by landlord on lands of another, to take one's Equitable interest, reached by execution, assets, iv. 422. mortgage, iv. 150 et seq. Equity of redemption, contracts for purchase (See Mortgage.) contract not to redeem, iv. 159. sale of, under power in a mortgage, when not vendible under execution, when barred by time, iv. 189. Equity powers, in the different states, iv. over lands abroad, ii. 463, n. (d). Error, in contracts, ii. 477. derived from feudal tenures, iv. 423. Escrow, delivery of deed in, iv. 454. defined, iv. 2, 3, 4. general division of, iv. 4, 5. conditional, iv. 11, 15. in tail, iv. 11, 13-22. for life, iv. 23-84. freehold, defined, iv. 23. division of, and at common law, iv. how created, iv. 25. on contingency, iv. 26. Estates for life, by curtesy, iv. 27, 29, n. 1. | Estray, ii. 359. by dower, iv. 35-73. (See Dower.) history of, iv. 85-94. terms in relation to. (See Terms.) defeated by merger, iv. 99-103. (See defeated by cesser or condition, iv. how forfeited, iv. 106. (See Forfeit- not to be granted for longer period at will, iv. 111-116. when terminated, iv. 111, 112. requires notice to quit, iv. 113, n. 1. when possession is taken under li- turned into, from year to year, iv. at sufferance, iv. 116-120. upon condition, iv. 121-133. in reversion. (See Reversion.) in joint tenancy, and in tenancy in common. by mortgage, iv. 136. Estate tail, in personal property, ii. 453; as to real property under devise, iv. Estoppel, defined, iv. 260, 261. by matter of record, iv. 261, n. (b). when deed of feme covert an, iv. 261, of wife in suit for dower, iv. 37, 38. where lease is, iv. 98, 99. of infant and married woman, ii. 168, of principal by agent's statement, ii. of acceptor to deny signature, iii. 85, in case of user of easement, iii. 442, in pais, not bar title to real estate, iv. Estovers, common of, iii. 404; iv. 73. Estrepement, iv. 77, 78. Eviction (see Rents), iii. 463, 464, n. 1. from want of title, iv. 471-477. opinion of experts admissible in in- Exceptio rei judicatæ, ii. 120. Exchange, par of, iii. 116, 117. of land, iv. 438, n. (c). stayed at law, to marshal assets, iv. interest of mortgagee, not to be sold sheriff need not show judgment, iv. as to equities of redemption, iv. 160- as to chattels, ii. 440, 441; iii. 478, asserted in equity, iv. 438, n. (c). by elegit or extent, iv. 428, 429, 434, colonial laws respecting, iv. 429, 430. chancery process of, iv. 430, n. (b). redemption of land by debtor and irregularity of sale by, how far effec- valuation of lands sold, when allowed, what interests are bound by, iv. 433, sheriff may not forcibly enter dwell- laws stopping, unconstitutional, iv. sale under, within the statute of Execution, interference of chancery, to en- | Expectant estates, preserved, iv. 251, 252, force, iv. 436 and n. (j). one year's rent first payable, iii. 482. cannot be enjoined from obeying act Executor. (See Administrator and Admin- liability of, ii. 415-417. liability for coexecutor, ii. 416, n. (c). rights to actions for causing death of rights and duties, on rendering ac- method of distribution by, ii. 420-430. nature of their title, ii. 431, n. (c). rights and duties, as to property in when to join in executing powers, iv. 326. when liable as partners, iii. 33, n. 1. power to sell land, iv. 320-327, 332, sales by, in New York, iv. 331, 332. may be required to give security, ii. time to pay legacies, ii. 417 and Executory interest assignable, iv. 261, 284. interest checks on accumulation of, contracts to sell, under statute of trusts, iv. 304, 305. devises. (See Devises.) Exemption of goods from execution, iii. Exercitor, defined, iii. 161. Ex parte paterna et materna, iv. 404, 405. Fact and law, ii. 561, n. 1. payment may be made to, ii. 622, n. his duties, ii. 622-633. del credere, commission by, ii. 624, 625 has no authority to pledge, ii. 625- owner of goods shipped in his name, lien by, for advances, ii. 628, n. (b), not a pawnee, ii. 585, n. 1. See ii. 642, owner, upon sale by, may call for purchaser from, when entitled to set- right of, to sell for advances, ii. 640, property of principal in his hands, ii. has insurable interest, iii. 261, n. (c). False affirmation, in sales of lands, ii. 487- action lies for, ii. 26-32. False representation. (See Representations.) Federal courts, not to interfere with state (See Courts.) Federalist, its character, i. 241. simple, defined, iv. 5. (See Estate.) Feme covert, when deed of, on estoppel, | Fixtures, what are, ii. 342, 343, ns. 1 and iv. 26, n. (b). may declare a use for her husband's conveyance of land, ii. 150. Fences, division. (See Easements.) when it produces a disseisin, iv. 481- Feræ naturæ, animals, ii. 348. Ferry, right of, gives no right to land on power of state to grant, iii. 421, n. (c). franchise of, rights and duties, iii. 459, Feud or fief, iii. 488, 495, n. (b). Feudal tenures. (See Tenures.) Fidei commissa, iv. 15, n. (c), 20, 289, 290. relations between parties, ii. 483, n. (ƒ); iii. 51, 52; iv. 371, n. (c). Fi. fa., iv. 436, n. (c), 437, n. (a). (See Execution.) Filum medium aquæ, iii. 427, 428. Finder of goods, his rights and duties, ii. Finding, property acquired by, ii. 356. history and nature of, iv. 497. Fire, loss of vessel by negligence, covered carrier liable when lost by, on water, liability of tenant in case of loss by, liability of railroad companies for in- when destruction by fire excuses rent, insurance, iii. 370, 371. (See Insurance against Fire.) Fisheries, internal, may be regulated by Fishery, right of, iii. 409-418, 431, n. (b). free, iii. 409, 410. several, iii. 410. Fitzherbert's Abridgment, i. 504. y1, 344-347. what are, in New York, ii. 345, n. (b). who may remove, ii. 343, ns. 1 when they may be removed, ii. 346, n. 1. Flag of the enemy, i. 85. Folcland, iv. 441 and n. 1, 442. by order of, ii. 121, n. 1; iii. 131. public vessels not subject to local ship may be seized, i. 122, n. 1. divorces, ii. 106, 107, 117, n. 1. judgments, i. 260, 261, n. (b), 262, n. 1; ii. 121, n. 1. Foundation walls, reasonable care required, | Frauds, statute of, purpose and effect, ii. iii. 437, n. (b). local regulations of, iii. 438, n. (a). of ferry, its rights and duties, iii. 421, n. 1, 458, 459, n. (a). what is interference with, iii. 459, right of state to interfere with, iii. (See Corporation.) when a turnpike road becomes pub- corporate, cannot be sold, ii. 284, n. surrender into hands of government, Fraud in sales, ii. 482, n. 1, 512–532. of property after judgment, ii. 512. purchaser's knowledge of seller's when there is a trust in favor of ven- inferred when there is no change of when it prevents the title passing, ii. when a question of fact for jury, ii. want of change of possession, prima in sales of land and chattels, ii. 482, as distinguished from gross neglect, what is constructive, ii. 515, n. (c). in fiduciary relations, ii. 483, n. (ƒ) ; whether question of law or fact, ii. by simulation and silence, ii. 482. in gifts and conveyances, ii. 440–443. in sales at auction, ii. 537-540. on marital rights, ii. 174. when judgments and decrees set aside of bailor, when bailee may set up, ii. 494, n. gì; iv. 451, n. 1, −1. as to del credere agents, ii. 625, ns. (a) as affecting trusts, iv. 305, n. (d). in cases of part performance, ii. 494, as to guaranties, iii. 121-123, ns. 1 as to interest in lands, iv. 95, 450, 451, as to leases, iv. 95. general provisions of, ii. 493. as to wills, iv. 513, 514, 516, 517. Fraudulent conveyances, St. 13 and 27 Eliz., assignment to defeat creditors, iv. 430, Fraudulent representations. (See Represen- Freehold, defined, iv. 23, 24. (See Estates in futuro, iv. 235. Freight, definition of, iii. 219, 228, ns. 1 mother of wages, iii. 187, 188, n. 1. n. 1. deductions for damages, iii. 228, n. 1. assignee of bill of lading, when lia- payment of, iii. 219. capture, effect on, iii. 223. live stock, freight on, iii. 225. paid in advance, when recovered |