ARTICLES SOLD BY THE THOUSAND, HUNDRED, OR 163. Written HUNDREDWEIGHT 1. What is the cost of 8975 bricks at $7 per M.? (M. stands Since 1 M. costs $7, 8.975 M. cost 8.975 × $7, or $ Ans. 2. What must be paid for 980 soapstone pencils at $.30 per C.? (C. stands for 100.) 9809.80 C. Since 1 C. costs $.30, 9.80 C. will cost 9.80 x $.30, or $ Ans. 3. Find the cost of 1550 lb. of new buckwheat flour at $2.50 per hundredweight (100 pounds). 1550 lb. = 15.50 hundredweight. Since 1 cwt. costs $2.50, 15.50 cwt. cost 15.50 x $2.50, or Ans. NOTE. In final results, a fraction of a cent, equal to or greater than cent, is counted a whole cent. A fraction which is less than cent is dropped. 4. Find the cost of each of the following items: a. 83,900 bricks at $7.80 per M. b. 8950 lb. sugar at $4.95 per C. c. 1550 asparagus roots at $.95 per C. d. 10,000 laths at $.45 per C. e. 12,500 paper butter trays at $.40 per M. f. 25 barrels of granulated sal soda, each barrel containing 325 lb., at $.90 per hundredweight. g. 25,600 cakes of naphtha soap at $3.25 per C. h. 1700 cubic feet of gas at $.95 per M. DENOMINATE NUMBERS 164. A number that is composed of units of weight or measure is a denominate number; e.g. 5 lb., 7 rd., 6 hr. 3 min. 45 sec. 165. The name of a unit of weight or measure is a denomination; e.g. ounce, square foot, minute. 166. A denominate number that is expressed in two or more denominations is a compound number; e.g. 1 yd. 2 ft. 7 in.; 2 lb. 14 oz. 167. A number that is expressed in but one kind of units is a simple number; e.g. 3 days, 8 cents, 19 pounds, 125. 168. TABLE OF LIQUID MEASURE 4 gills (gi.) = 1 pint (pt.). 2 pints 4 quarts = 1 quart (qt.). =1 gallon (gal.). Oil, vinegar, molasses, and other liquids are shipped in barrels or casks of various sizes. But for the purpose of indicating the capacities of vats, tanks, reservoirs, etc., 31 gallons are called a barrel (bbl.) and 63 gallons a hogshead (hhd.). The term hundredweight is used less than formerly, although its value (100 lb.) is still taken as a unit in quoting freight rates and prices of various articles, when the quantity used makes this a convenient unit of weight. The long ton is used in wholesaling certain mining products. The ton of 2000 lb. is sometimes called a short ton. 171. TABLE OF TROY WEIGHT 24 grains (gr.) = 1 pennyweight (pwt.). 12 ounces = = 1 pound (lb.). These weights are used in weighing gold, silver, and some jewels. To get an idea of the weight of a grain, think of the weight of a grain of wheat or rice. 172. TABLE OF APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT 20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple (sc. or ). 8 drams = 1 dram (dr. or 3). = 1 ounce (oz. or 3). This table is used by druggists and physicians in compounding medicines; but medicines are bought and sold by Avoirdupois weight, except in quantities smaller than one ounce. 173. Druggists use a term fluid ounce, which is not a measure of weight, but of capacity, and is equal to of a pint. Thus, a 2-ounce bottle is a bottle that holds liquid regardless of its weight. 174. of a pint of any 175. TABLE OF SURVEYORS' LONG MEASURE 7.92 inches1 link (li.). 100 links = 1 chain (ch.). 80 chains 1 mile (mi.). This table, formerly used by surveyors in measuring land, should be learned and remembered, because descriptions of land in the public records of deeds and mortgages are largely made in the denominations of this measure. 176. TABLE OF SURFACE MEASURE 144 square inches (sq. in.) = 1 square foot (sq. ft.). 9 square feet 301 square yards 160 square rods 640 acres 177. = 1 square yard (sq. yd.). = 1 square rod (sq. rd.). = 1 acre (A.). = 1 square mile (sq. mi.). This table, like that of Surveyor's Linear Measure, is used in public records, chiefly. 178. 179. TABLE OF VOLUME MEASURE 1728 cubic inches (cu. in.) = 1 cubic foot (cu. ft.). 1 cubic yard (cu. yd.). Ten years are called a decade, and one hundred years make a century, but these terms are not used in arithmetical calculations. The four thirty-day months may be remembered easily by the following old rhyme: "Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November." February has 28 days, with 29 in leap year. The other months have 31 days. The exact length of the solar year, that is, the time of one revolution of the earth around the sun, is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds, or nearly 365 days. By adding one day to the 365 every fourth year, too much time is added. This is corrected by counting every centennial year as a common year, except when its number is divisible by 400. The year 1900, therefore, was not a leap year, although its number was divisible by 4. |