Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics

a-rá algebra Almagest angle Arabic Archimedes astronomical Babylonian mathematics Babylonian number system base called centre Chapter circle of radius circumference compasses and straightedge computations cone construction cylinder decagon decimal diagonal diameter digits divide equal Euclid Euclid's Elements Eudoxos example Fermat primes Figure find crd finite sexagesimal fractions geometrical given Greek mathematics Heiberg hence history of mathematics hypotenuse integers intersecting isosceles line segment mathe mathematicians matics means method modern multiplication table neusis construction notation parallel postulate parallelogram plane polygon power of 60 prime factor problem proof proved Ptolemy Ptolemy's Ptolemy's theorem Pythagorean theorem quadratic equation ratio reader reciprocal table rectangle regular pentagon right triangle sexagesimal side solution solve sphere squarable square straight line subtending subtract table of chords tablet theory tion transcribed translation trisection vertical wedge whole numbers write