Γ

. 15. To express numbers by figures.

Begin at the left hand, and write in each order the figure which denotes the given number in that order.

If any intervening orders are omitted in the proposed num• ber, write ciphers in their places.

8. Forty-six thousand and four hundred.

9. Ninety-two thousand, one hundred and eight. 10. Sixty-eight thousand and seventy.

11. One hundred and twenty-four thousand, six hundred and thirty.

12. Two hundred thousand, one hundred and sixty. 13. Four hundred and five thousand, and forty-five. 14. Three hundred and forty thousand.

15. Nine hundred thousand, seven hundred and twenty. 16. One million, and seven hundred thousand.

17. Thirty-six millions, twenty thousand, one hundred and fifty.

18. One hundred millions, and forty-five.

19. Mercury is thirty-seven millions of miles from the

sun.

20. Venus, sixty-nine millions.

21. The Earth, ninety-five millions.

22. Mars, one hundred and forty-five millions.

23. Jupiter, four hundred and ninety-four millions.
24. Saturn, nine hundred and seven millions.

25. Herschel, one billion, eight hundred and ten millions.

26. Seven billions, nine hundred millions, and forty thousand.

27. Sixty billions, seven millions, and four hundred. 28. One hundred and thirteen billions, six hundred and fifty thousand.

29. Four hundred and six billions, eighty millions, and seven hundred.

30. Twenty-five trillions, and ten thousand.

QUEST.-15. How are numbers expressed by figures? If any inter vening order is omitted in the example, how is its place supplied?

SECTION II.

ADDITION.

MENTAL EXERCISES.

ART. 16. Ex. 1. George bought a slate for 9 cents, a sponge for 6 cents, and a pencil for 1 cent: how many cents did he pay for all?

OBS. To solve this example, we must add together the number of cents which he paid for the several articles. Thus, 9 cents and 6 cents are 15 cents, and one cent more makes 16 cents. Ans. He paid 16 cents.

2. Henry gave 8 cents for a writing-book, 6 cents for an inkstand, and 4 cents for some quills: how many cents did he give for all?

3. Sarah obtained 4 credit marks yesterday, 3 the day before, and 5 to-day: how many credit marks has she in all ?

4. John had 6 peaches, and his mother gave him 10 more: how many peaches had he then?

5. Harriet has 7 pins; she has given away 4, and lost 2: how many pins had she at first?

6. If a quart of cherries is worth 5 cents, a pound of figs 9 cents, and a lemon 4 cents; how much are they all worth?

7. Joseph paid 6 cents for some raisins, 7 cents for a top, and 3 cents for some fish-hooks: how many cents did he pay for all?

8. Mary has 9 white roses and 8 red ones: how many roses has she in all ?

9. A beggar met four men, one of whom gave him 3 shillings, another 2, another 1, and the last 5 shillings: how many shillings did the beggar receive?

10. A farmer sold 4 bushels of apples to one customer, 6 to another, 5 to a third, and 2 to a fourth: how many bushels did he sell to all?

1 are 3 1 are 4

1 are
5 2
42"
5 3 "

6 3 66

73

74

5

97

72 83" 9 3 "10 3 11 3 8 4 66 9 4 "6 "10 4" 11 4 12 95 "10 5" 11 512 5" 13 "10 6 "116 412 6 "13 6 10 7 "117 "127" 13 7 "14 7 10 8 11 8 "128 "13 8 "14 8 "15 8 11 9 12 9 13 9 "14 9 15 9 "169 10 "12 10 "13 10 "14 10 "15 10" 16 10 " 17 10

5 and
5 1 are 6 1 are 7
62"

6 and

7 and

1 are 8

8 and 1 are

8

9 and 91 are 10

Note.-It is an interesting and profitable exercise for young pupils to recite tables in concert. But it will not do to depend upon this method alone. It is indispensable for every scholar who desires to be accurate either in arithmetic or business, to have the common arithmetical tables distinctly and indelibly fixed in his mind. Hence, after a table has been repeated by the class in concert, or individually, the teacher should ask many promiscuous questions, to prevent its being recited mechanically, from a knowledge of the regular increase of numbers.

Ex. 11. How many are 12 and 10? 22 and 10? 32 and 10? 42 and 10? 52 and 10? 62 and 10? 72 and 10? 82 and 10? 92 and 10?

12. How many are 24 and 10? 36 and 10? 48 and 10? 53 and 10? 67 and 10? 91 and 10? 86 and 10? 78 and 10? 69 and 10? 97 and 10?

14. How many are 17 and 8? 27 and 8? 47 and 8? 67 and 8? 57 and 8? 97 and 8? 87 and 8?

15. How many are 16 and 7? 26 and 7? 56 and 7? 86 and 7? 76 and 7? 96 and 7 ?

16. How many are 74 and 62 54 and 6?

14 and 6? 24 and 6? 84 and 6? 64 and 6? 94 and 6?

17. Add 2 to itself till the sum is a hundred: ·

OBS. This and the next four examples may be recited in concert. Thus, 2 and 2 are four, and 2 are 6, and 2 are 8, &c.

18. Add 3 in the same manner, till the sum is a hundred and two.

19. Add 5 in the same manner, till the sum is a hun dred and ten.

20. Add 4 in the same manner, till the sum is a hundred and twelve.

21. Add 10 in the same manner, till the sum is a hundred and twenty.

22. A man bought a sheep for 3 dollars, a cow for 21 dollars, and a calf for 5 dollars: how much did he pay for the whole.

23. A shopkeeper sold a dress to a lady for 15 dollars, a muff for 10 dollars, and a bonnet for 6 dollars: what was the amount of her bill?

24. A drover bought 16 sheep of one farmer, 9 of another, 10 of another, and 6 of another: how many sheep did he buy?

25. Harry gave 31 cents for his arithmetic, 10 cents for a writing book, 8 cents for a ruler, and 6 cents for a lead pencil: how many cents did he

pay for all?

26. What is the sum of 10 and 12 and 5 and 4?

27. William bought a pair of boots for 26 shillings, and a cap for 9 shillings: how many shillings did he give for both?

28. Susan bought a comb for 17 cents, a purse for 8 cents, and a spool of cotton for 5 cents: how much did she pay for all?

29. A farmer sold a ton of hay for 18 dollars, a cow for 10 dollars, and a cord of wood for 3 dollars: how much did he receive for all?

30. A merchant sold 15 barrels of flour to one man, 5 to another, and 7 to another: how many barrels of flour did he sell?

31. In a certain school there are 60 boys, and 30 girls: how many scholars does that school contain?

Analysis.-60 is 6 tens, and 30 is 3 tens; (Art. 7. Obs. 26 tens and 3 tens are 9 tens and 9 tens are 90. Ans. 90 scholars.

32. A mechanic sold a wagon for 30, and a sleigh for

20 dollars: how much did he get for both?

33. 40 is how many tens? 60? 20? 30? 70? 80? 50% 90? 100 ?

34. 6 tens are how many? 8 tens? 9 tens? 10 tens? 11 tens? 12 tens? 13 tens? 14 tens? 15 tens? 16 tens ? 17 tens? 18 tens? 19 tens ? 20 tens?

35. 7 tens and 2 tens are how many? Ans. 9 tens, or 90.

36. 8 tens and 3 tens are how many? 5 tens and 8 tens? 7 tens and 8 tens? 6 tens and 9 tens? 9 tens and 8 tens? 10 tens and 6 tens?

37. In a certain orchard there are 80 apple-trees, and 40 peach-trees: how many trees does the orchard contain?

38. A traveler rode 90 miles in the cars, and 60 miles in stages: how many miles did he travel?

39. A man gave 60 dollars for his horse, 30 dollars for his harness, and 20 dollars for his cart: how much did he pay for all?

40. A man bought a horse for 98 dollars, and a wagon for 65 dollars: how much did he give for both?

Analysis.-98 is composed of 9 tens and 8 units, and 65 is composed of 6 tens and 5 units. (Art. 7. Obs. 3.) 9 tens and 6 tens are 15 tens, or 1 hundred and 5 tens; 8 units and 5 units are 13 units, or 1 ten and 3 units; now 1 ten added to 5 tens, makes 6 tens or 60, and 3 units are 63, which, joined with the hundred, makes 163. Ans. He paid 163 dollars. 41. How many are 63 and 24? Ans. 87. 42. How many are 68 and 25?

43. How many are 56 and 23 and 5?

44. How many are 83 and 72 and 4 and 6? 45. How many are 72 and 25 and 10 and 2?

46. Bought a pound of tea for 60 cents, an ounce of pepper for 8 cents, and a quart of molasses for 10 cents: what does my bill amount to?

47. The price of a geography is 55 cents, and the price of a grammar is 42 cents: what is the cost of both?

48. Paid 7 dollars for a barrel of flour, 17 dollars for a ton of hay, and 30 dollars for a cow: what is the cost of all?

49. In January there are 31 days, and in February 28 days: how many days are there in both months?