26. A farmer having 389 acres of land, sold to one man 126 acres, and to another 163. How many acres had he left?

27. A gentleman having 1768 dollars deposited in the bank, gave a check for 175 dollars to one man, to another for 238 dollars, and to another for 369 dollars. How much remained on deposit?

28. A man bought a horse for 87 dollars, a carriage for 75 dollars, and a harness for 16 dollars, and sold them all together for 200 dollars. How much did he gain by the bargain?

29. A man bought a quantity of sugar for 25 dollars, a quantity of molasses for 27 dollars, and a quantity of raisins for 29 dollars, for which he paid a hundred dollarbill. How much change ought he to receive back?

30. An orchard contained 120 apple-trees, 47 peachtrees, and 28 pear-trees. Of the apple-trees 26 were cut down for a Railroad to pass through, 18 of the peachtrees died, and 5 of the pear-trees were blown down. How many trees were left in the orchard?

31. A gentleman had 2700 dollars which he wished to distribute among his three sons. To the oldest he gave 825 dollars, to the second 785 dollars, and the remainder to the youngest. How much did the youngest son receive?

32. A man owing 5648 dollars, paid at one time 536 dollars, at another 378 dollars, and at another 896 dollars. How much did he then owe?

33. A man having 7689 dollars, invested 689 dollars in Railroad stock, 500 dollars in a woolen factory, and 1250 dollars in bank stock. How much had he left?

34. A man bought a quantity of oil for 1763 dollars, and a lot of candles for 598 dollars. He afterwards sold them both for 2684 dollars. How much did he gain by the bargain?

35. A man owning 3789 acres of land, gave to one son 869 acres, and to another 987 acres. How much and had he left?

36. A ship of war sailing with 650 men, lost in one battle 29 men, in another 37, and by sickness 19 more. How many were still living?

37. A merchant owes one man 2684 dollars, another 1786 dollars, another 987 dollars. The whole amount of his property is 4684 dollars. How much more does he owe than he is worth?

38. A man bought three farms: for the first he gave 4673 dollars, for the second 5674 dollars, and for the third 9287 dollars. He sold them all for 37687 dollars. How much did he gain by the bargain?

39. A man bought 86 dollars worth of wheat, 48 dollars worth of butter, and a fine horse worth 148 dollars. He gave his note for 128 dollars, and paid the rest in cash. How much money did he pay?

40. A gentleman left a fortune of 18864 dollars to be divided between his two sons and one daughter; to one son he gave 6389 dollars, to the other 6984 dollars. How much did the daughter receive?

41. A man owing 8648 dollars, paid at one time 486, at another 684, at another 729 dollars. How much did he still owe?

42. Suppose a man gains by one speculation 867 dollars, by another 687; another time he gains 563 dollars, and then loses 479; still another time he gains 435 dollars, and loses 378. How much more has he gained than lost?

43. A man borrowed of a friend 684 dollars at one time, 786 at another, 874 at another, and 976 at another. He has paid 568 dollars. How much does he still owe?

44. If a man's income is 4586 dollars a year, and he spends 384 dollars for clothing, 568 for house rent, 784 for provisions, 568 for servants, and 369 for traveling, how much will he have left at the end of the year?

45. A merchant bought a quantity of sugar for 8978 dollars, paid 374 dollars freight, and then sold it for 9684 dollars. How much did he gain by the trade?

46. A merchant had in his storehouse 6384 bushels of wheat, 3752 bushels of corn, 4564 bushels of oats, and 1384 bushels of rye: it was broken open and 3564 bushels of grain taken out. How many bushels remained?

47. A man bought a quantity of beef for 5493 dollars,

a quantity of coffee for 261 dollars, and a quantity of sugar for 157 dollars; in exchange he gave 3687 dollars worth of flour, 568 dollars worth of oats, and 165 dollars worth of potatoes. How much did he then owe?

48. A gentleman has real estate valued at 3879 dollars, and personal property amounting to 9857 dollars. He owes one man 1350 dollars, and another 2687 dollars. How much would he have left if he should pay his debts?

49. A man had property to the amount of 30000, and lost by fire a store worth 5000 dollars, and goods to the amount of 3578 dollars. How much property had he left?

50. A man died leaving an estate of 175000 dollars. He gave to his wife 25000 dollars, to his three sons 32000 apiece, to his two daughters, 23000 dollars each, and the rest he gave to a literary institution. How much did the institution receive?

SECTION IV.

MULTIPLICATION.

MENTAL EXERCISES.

ART. 41. Ex. 1. What will 3 lead pencils cost, at 4 cents apiece?

Solution. Three pencils will evidently cost three times as much as one pencil. Now if 1 pencil costs 4 cents, 3 pencils will cost 3 times 4 cents; and 3 times 4 cents are 12 cents. Ans. 12 cents.

Note. It is highly important for the pupil to give the reason in full for the solution of every example.

2. What will 2 yards of cloth cost, at 8 dollars a yard? 3. At 6 cents apiece, what will 4 oranges cost? 4. What cost 5 pounds of ginger, at 7 cents a pound?

5. If 1 pair of gloves cost 6 shillings, what will 6 pair cost?

6. At 9 cents a pound, what will 4 pounds of butter come to?

7. What will 7 barrels of flour cost, at 4 dollars a barrel? 8. In 1 bushel there are 4 pecks: how many pecks are there in 6 bushels?

9. What cost 8 pair of boots, at 6 dollars a pair? 10. At 9 shillings apiece, what will 5 caps cost? 11. What cost 6 pounds of sugar, at 10 cents a pound? 12. What cost 9 inkstands, at 8 cents apiece?

OBS. The pupil will find assistance in learning this table, by observing the following particulars.

1. The several results of multiplying by 10 are formed by simply adding a cipher to the figure that is to be multiplied. Thus, 10 times 2 are 20; 10 times 3 are 30, &c.

2. The results of multiplying by 5, terminate in 5 and 0, alternately. Thus, 5 times 1 are 5; 5 times 2 are 10; 5 times 3 are 15, &c. 3. The first nine results of multiplying by 11 are formed by repeating the figure to be multiplied. Thus, 11 times 2 are 22; 11 times 3 are 33, &c.

4. In the successive results of multiplying by 9, the right hand figure regularly decreases by 1, and the left hand figure regularly in creases by 1. Thus, 9 times 2 are 18; 9 times 3 are 27; 9 times 4 are 36, &c.

13. At 2 dollars a cord, what will 12 cords of wood cost? 10 cords? 9 cords? 8 cords? 7 cords? 6 cords? 5 cords? 4 cords? 3 cords?

14. In one yard there are 3 feet: how many feet are there in 12 yards? in 11 yards? 10 yards? 9 yards? 8 yards? 7 yards? 6 yards? 5 yards? 4 yards?

15. In i gallon there are 4 quarts: how many quarts in 12 gallons? in 11 gallons? 10 gallons? 9 gallons? 8 gallons? 7 gallons? 6 gallons? 5 gallons? 4 gallons?

16. If you buy 5 marbles for a cent, how many can you buy for 12 cents? for 11 cents? 10 cents? 9 cents? 8 cents? 7 cents? 6 cents? 5 cents? 4 cents?

17. In New England a dollar contains 6 shillings: how many shillings do 12 dollars contain? 11 dolls. ? 10 dolls.? 9 dolls. ? 8 dolls.? 7 dolls. ? 6 dolls.? 5 dolls. ?

18. If 7 pounds of sugar cost a dollar, how many pounds can you buy for 12 dollars? for 11 dollars? 10 dolls. ? 9 dolls.? 8 dolls.? 7 dolls. ? 6 dolls. ? 5 dolls.?

19. In New York a dollar contains 8 shillings: how many shillings do 12 dollars contain? 11 dolls.? 10 dolls.? 9 dolls.? 8 dolls.? 7 dolls.? 6 dolls.? 5 dolls. ?

20. At 9 cents a quart, what will 12 quarts of blackberries cost? 11 quarts? 10 quarts? 9 quarts? 8 quarts? 7 quarts? 6 quarts? 5 quarts?

21. What will be the cost of 12 yards of silk at 10 shillings per yard? of 11 yards? 10 yards? 9 yards? 8 yards? 7 yards? 6 yards? 5 yards?

22. What cost 8 cords of wood, at 5 dollars per cord? 23. If 7 yards of cloth make a cloak, how many yards will it take to make 8 cloaks ?

24. What cost 9 pounds of ginger, at 8 cents a pound? 25. At 12 dollars apiece, what will 10 cows cost?