SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION.

SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION is a short method of performing particular cases of addition.

The number to be multiplied, is the multiplicand. The number to be multiplied by, is the multiplier. The number produced is the product.

The multiplicand and multiplier are sometimes called factors.

MULTIPLICATION TABLE.

Twice 3 times 4 times 5 times 6 times

7 times

1 make 2 1 make 3 1 make 4 1 make 5 1 make 6

1 make 7

When the multiplier does not exceed 12.

RULE. Place the multiplier under the units figure of he multiplicand; and multiply each figure of the muit plicand in succession, and set down the amount and

arry, as in addition.

Proof.-Multiply the multiplier by the multiplicand.

When the multiplier exceeds 12.

RULE.-Place the multiplier as before, with units under units, &c. Then multiply all the figures of the multiplicand by the units figure of the multiplier, setting down the product as before.

Proceed with the tens figure in the same manner, observits > set the product of the first figure in the tens place and with the hundreds figure placing the first product in hundreds place, &c., and add the several pro cucts together.

43752 436

EXAMPLES.

Here we multiply by the 6 or units figure as before: then by the 3 or tens figure, placing the first product in the second or tens 262512 place, immediately under the three, in the 131256 multiplier. In like manner we use the 4, 175008 placing the first product in the third or hundreds place, immediately under the 4; after 19075872 which we add the several products together, and the work is done.

NOTE 1.When either or both of the factors have noughts on the right hand, they may be operation, and annexed to the product.

omitted in the Thus: 734 00

18

1468

2936

Product 3082800000

188

Product 197400000

NOTE 2.-When the multiplier is the exact product of any two factors in the multiplication table, the operation may be performed by separating the multiplier into its components, and multiplying first by the one, then its product by the other. Thus:

9 and 4, or 3 and 12, or 6 and 6, multiplied together, produce 36, and by using either pair, according to the above note, the true result is obtained.

The pupil may work these by all the several pairs of

components that he can find in the multiplier.

NOTE 3.-When the multiplier is not the exact pro duct of any two numbers in the table, use two factors whose product is short of the multiplier, then multiply the sum by the number required to supply the deficiency and add its product to that obtained by the two factors.

1. Charles has 24 marbles, and John has 13 times as many; how many has John?

Ans. 312.

2. A gentleman owns 17 houses, for each of which he receives 250 dollars rent; how much does he receive for them all? Ans. 4250. 3. A laborer hired himself to a farmer for 11 years, at 150 dollars a year; how much did he receive? Ans. 1650 dollars. 4. A person wishes to purchase 26 shares of Bank stock at 75 dollars a share; what must he pay?

Ans. 1950 dollars.

5. A mason having built a house, found that 98470 bricks were in it; suppose he desires to build 19 such houses, how many bricks must he obtain for the purpose? Ans. 1870930.