States mint; and was president of the Association of American Physicians in 1891, and of the first Pan-American Medical Congress in Washington in 1893. He had an exceptionally large private practice, but found time to perform a large amount of literary and editorial work, the most important of which was the editing of the "Systems of Medicine by American Authors" (5 vols., Philadelphia, 188586). His publications include" Trephining in Cerebral Disease" (1871); “Local Treatment of Pulmonary Cavities" (1874); "Sanitary Relations of Hospitals" (1875); "Higher Medical Education: The True Interest of the Public and the Profession" (1877); "Report of the Medical Department of the Centennial Exposition" (1877); Catarrhal Irritation" (1881); "Epilepsy" (1883); "Phthisis in Pennsylvania” (1886); and “A Text-book of the Theory and Practice of Medicine" (1893).

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Perry, William Stevens, clergyman, born in Providence, R. I., Jan. 22, 1832; died in Dubuque, Iowa, May 13, 1898. He was a nephew of Bishop Stevens of Pennsylvania and was graduated at Harvard in 1854. He took deacon's orders in the Episcopal Church in 1857 and priest's orders in 1858, and after serving as assistant in St. Paul's Church, Boston, from May to October, 1858, became rector of St. Luke's Church, Nashua, N. H., where he remained until April, 1861. He then assumed the rectorship of St. Stephen's Church, Portland, Me., which he held until November, 1863, and after serving for a year as an editor of the "Church Monthly" became rector of St. Michael's Church, Litchfield, Conn., remaining there until April, 1869. From 1869 to 1876 he was rector of Trinity Church, Geneva, N. Y., and while there was for two years Professor of History in Hobart College, and from April to September, 1876, president of that institution. On Sept. 10, 1876, he was consecrated Bishop of Iowa. He was widely known throughout the Anglican communion, and was the recipient of more honorary degrees than any bishop of the American Episcopal Church. He was much given to literary pursuits, and the number of his published works, edited and original, is very large. The principal ones include "Journals of the General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church," with illustrative notes, with F. L. Hawks (Philadelphia, 1861); Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church," with F. L. Hawks (New York, 1863-64); "Historical Collections of the American Colonial Church" (1871-'78); Life Lessons from the Book of Proverbs" (New York, 1872); "Some Summer Days abroad" (Davenport, 1880); "The Church's Year" (Davenport, 1881); “The History of the American Episcopal Church, 1587-1883" (Boston, 1885); "General Ecclesiastical Constitution of the American Church" (1890); "The American Church and the American Constitution" (1895); "The Episcopate in America" (New York, 1895). Bishop Perry was secretary to the House of Deputies at the General Convention of 1868, and also at those of 1871 and 1874, and was historiographer of the American Church from 1868 until his death.

Peters, Augustus W., politician, born in St. John, N. B., in 1844; died in New York city, Dec. 29, 1898. He studied law in St. John till 1867, when he removed to New York and became a stock broker. In 1878 he was made chairman of the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange, which office he held till he was elected president of the Borough of Manhattan in 1897. He had served but one year out of the four at the time of his death. He was a prominent figure in Tammany Hall in the days of John Kelly, and for many years he was chairman of the General Committee of that organization. Pillsbury, George Alfred, manufacturer, born in Concord, N. H., in 1816; died in Minneapolis,

Minn., July 17, 1898. His early life was passed in Concord and Warren, N. H. His son Charles first went to Minneapolis and engaged in milling. The success of the venture induced the father and two other sons to join Charles, and in 1872 the firm of Charles A. Pillsbury & Co. was formed. This in 1889 was merged into the Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Company. The development of the business of the Pillsburys was coextensive with that of the industry that has made Minneapolis one of the largest markets for grain in the world. One of the mills of the firm is the largest of its kind in existence, having a capacity of 10,500 barrels a day, and the entire plant can turn out 17,500 barrels a day. Mr. Pillsbury was one of the most widely known men in the Northwest, and had extensive lumber and financial interests. All the family were noted for their public spirit and generosity, and the father's benefactions in his lifetime aggregated more than $500,000. (See GIFTS AND BEQUESTS.)

Pillsbury, Parker, abolitionist, born in Hamilton, Mass., Sept. 22, 1809; died in Concord, N. H., July 7, 1898. When five years old he was taken to Henniker, N. H., where he grew up on his father's farm with only such education as the common schools afforded. After reaching his majority he worked for three years in Lynn, Mass., then returned to farm work, and in 1835 entered Gilmanton Theological Seminary, where he was graduated three years later. He continued his studies for a year at Andover, and was then settled over the Congregational Church in New London, N. H. Within a year he was so stirred by the pleas of William Lloyd Garrison in advocacy of the abolition of slavery that he abandoned the ministry and joined the band of antislavery lecturers who traveled over New England and the West. Mr. Pillsbury was one of the most zealous and effective of the abolition orators, and represented the New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and American Antislavery Socie ties. He was sent to England in 1854 and delivered addresses in the principal cities. He was at times editor of the "Herald of Freedom," in Concord, and of the "National Antislavery Standard," New York. After the legal extinction of slavery he urged the continuance of the American Antislavery Society in behalf of the political elevation of the freedmen, and when this course was deemed inexpedient he engaged in the cause of woman suffrage. In 1868-'70 he was associated with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in editing "The Revolution" in New York, and when that publication was discontinued he became a preacher to free religious societies in several Western cities till advanced years forced him into retirement. His reminiscences of the antislavery cause and its leaders were published under the title of "Acts of the Antislavery Apostles" (Rochester, 1883).

Plaisted, Harris Merrill, lawyer, born in Jefferson, N. H., Nov. 2, 1828; died in Bangor, Me.. Jan. 31, 1898. He was brought up on a farm, was graduated at Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1853, and in 1855 at the Albany Law School. The following year he was admitted to the bar and settled in Bangor to practice. On Oct. 30, 1861, he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 11th Maine Volunteers. He was promoted colonel May 12, 1862; took part in McClellan's Peninsula campaign; commanded a brigade before Charleston; served under Grant in the movements against Richmond and Petersburg, leading the "Iron Brigade"; and was brevetted brigadier general and major general of volunteers in February and March,

1865.

After the war he returned to his practice in Bangor. In 1867-'68 he served in the Maine Legislature, in 1868 was a delegate to the National Re

publican Convention, and in 1873-75 was AttorneyGeneral of the State. While holding the last office he was elected to Congress as a Republican, to fill a vacancy. In 1878 he joined the national Greenback party, and in 1880 was elected Governor of Maine, through a fusion of the Greenback and Democratic parties, after a close and bitter fight. For several years after his retirement he was editor of "The New Age," in Augusta, Me.

Poland, John Scroggs, military officer, born in Princeton, Ind., Oct. 14, 1836; died in Asheville, N. C., Aug. 8, 1898. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy and appointed a 2d lieutenant in the 2d Infantry in May, 1861; was promoted 1st lieutenant the following month; captain, June 27, 1862; assigned to the 6th Infantry, July 14, 1869; major, 18th Infantry, Dec. 15, 1880; lieutenant colonel, 21st Infantry, March 1, 1886; colonel, 17th Infantry, Aug. 1, 1891; and brigadier general in May, 1898. He was brevetted major, Dec. 13, 1862, for gallant services in the battles of Antietam, Shepardstown Ford, and Fredericksburg, and lieutenant colonel, May 3, 1863, for the battle of Chancellorsville. Gen. Poland served with the Army of the Potomac till after the battle of Gettysburg, and was then assigned to the defenses of Washington. In 1865-'69 he was Assistant Professor of Geography, History, Ethics, and Drawing at the United States Military Academy, and during the next ten years was principally employed on frontier duty. He was chief of the department of law at the United States Infantry and Cavalry School, in Leavenworth, Kan., in 1881-'86. At the beginning of the war with Spain he was commissioned a brigadier general, and at the time of his death was in command of the 2d division, 1st Army Corps, at Chickamauga Park, Ga. He contracted typhoid fever in the camp, and went to Asheville a few days before his death with the hope of recovery. Gen. Poland was author of "Digest of the Military Laws of the United States from 1861 to 1868" (Boston, 1868) and "The Conventions of Geneva of 1864 and 1868 and St. Petersburg International Commission" (Leavenworth, 1886).

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Pool, Maria Louise, author, born in East Abington (now Rockland), Mass., in August, 1841; died there, May 19, 1898. She was educated in the public schools of her native town and prepared herself for teaching, but after a year of that employment she was obliged to give it up on account of her health. She spent several seasons in the South and among the Carolina mountains, where she found her inspiration for literary work. Her first writings comprised the Ransome" letters in the "New York Tribune." Subsequently she made a specialty of depicting the life and character of New England, where almost all her life was passed. Her best-known works are Dolly" and "Against Human Nature," both relating to life in the Carolina mountains, "A Vacation in a Buggy." Roweny in Boston," "Mrs. Keats Bradford,"The Two Salomes," "Katharine North." "Out of Step." "In the First Person," 99 66 In a Dyke Shanty,' "Mrs. Gerald," and "Friendship and Folly" (1898). Potts, Stacy Gardner, organist, born in Trenton, N. J., in 1858; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 11, 1898. He was graduated at the Columbia law After admission to the bar he practiced with his father till the latter's death, and then abandoned his profession for literature and music. From 1881 till his death he was continuously employed as organist and choir master in churches in New York and New Jersey, his last engagement being with the Church of the Epiphany, in Brooklyn. For several years before his death he was one of the editors and the musical critic of "The Churchman," the American correspondent of

school in 1879.

"The London Musical Times," and a musical writer for "The Living Church" and other publications. He was a skillful director and performer, and composed several popular hymns.

Purvis, Robert, abolitionist, born in Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4, 1810; died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1898. He was a son of William Purvis, & successful cotton merchant of English birth in Charleston, by a free-born woman of Moorish descent. In 1817 the father, who had retired from business, sent the mother and their three sons to Philadelphia, expecting to settle permanently in England. On his own arrival, finding there was no school of a high grade for colored children, he established one on Spruce Street, and paid the teacher's salary for a year. The elder Purvis, who was a practical abolitionist even at that early day, died before completing arrangements to return to England, and Robert was educated in various schools in Pennsylvania and New England, finishing at Amherst College. He made his permanent home in Philadelphia. He first became interested in antislavery work in 1830 by making the acquaintance of Benjamin Lundy and William Lloyd Garrison, the latter having just been released from a Baltimore prison. In 1833 he was one of sixty persons who organized the American Antislavery Society in Philadelphia, of which he was vice-president for many years, and of which also he was the last survivor. He was also for a long time president of the Pennsylvania Antislavery Society, and was an organizer of the famous "underground railroad." His house was one of the best-known stations on this "road," and his horses, carriages, and personal attendance were always at the service of fugitive slaves. During the period 1833-61 his life was frequently in peril, and on one occasion he and the gentle Whittier were mobbed together in Pennsylvania Hall. After the proclamation of emancipation he became first vice-president of the Woman's Suffrage Society, and in recent years he was active in the local movement for better municipal government.

Putnam, Mrs. Mary Traill Spence (Lowell), author, born in Boston, Dec. 3, 1810; died there in June, 1898. She was the daughter of the Rev. Charles Lowell and the elder sister of Hon. James Russell Lowell, and married Samuel R. Putnam, a Boston merchant, in 1832. She contributed occasionally to periodicals, and translated from the Swedish Fredrika Bremer's "The Handmaid" (1844). She was also the author of "Records of an Obscure Man" (1861); "The Tragedy of Errors " (1862); "The Tragedy of Success" (1862), the two last-named works being the two parts of a dramatic poem; Memoir of William Lowell Putnam" (1863); "Fifteen Days" (1866); and "Memoir of Charles Lowell " (1885).

Quintard, Charles Todd, clergyman, born in Stamford, Conn., Dec. 22, 1824: died in Meridian, Ga.. Feb. 15, 1898. Пе was a medical graduate of the University of the City of New York in 1847, and for a time practiced his profession in Athens. Ga. He was subsequently professor for

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several years in a medical college at Memphis, Tenn. He took deacon's orders in the Episcopal Church in 1855, and was admitted to the priesthood the next year. During 1857 he was rector of Calvary Church,

Memphis, and from 1858 to 1862 of the Church of the Advent at Nashville. From 1862 to 1865 he served as chaplain of the 18th Tennessee Regiment in the Confederate army, and on Oct. 11 of the latter year was consecrated Bishop of Tennessee, the cereinony being held in St. Luke's Church, Philadelphia. In 1866 he began the restoration of the University of the South at Sewanee, Tenn., which had been ruined by the civil war, and he was able by his untiring efforts to put it in a more flourishing condition than ever before. He was an "advanced" Churchman, but was not unduly aggressive, and under his care the Episcopal Church in Tennessee has grown and prospered.

Rains, George Washington, military officer, born in Craven County, N. C., in 1817; died in Newburg, N. Y., March 21, 1898. He was a brother of Gen. Gabriel J. Rains of the Confederate army, and was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1842. He entered the army as a second lieutenant of engineers, but in the following year was transferred to the 4th United States Artillery. In 1844-46 he was on duty at the Military Academy as Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology. During the Mexican War he served on the staffs of Gens. Scott and Pillar, and won the brevets of captain and major for gallantry at Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec. In 1849-'50 he took part in the Seminole Indian War in Florida, and in 1856 he resigned his commission and engaged in the manufacture of iron at Newburg, N. Y. When the civil war broke out he offered his services to the Confederacy, and was commissioned a colonel in the Confederate army and assigned to the building and equipment of a powder mill at Augusta, Ga. He was in charge of these works through the war, and was promoted to brigadier general for his services there. Two years after the war he became Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy in the medical department of the University of Georgia, and for many years was also dean of the faculty. Gen. Rains was interested in the construction of portable steam engines, and had obtained several patents for improvements thereon. Besides numerous essays, he published "Steam Portable Engines" (Newburg, 1860); "Rudimentary Course of Analytical and Applied Chemistry" (Augusta, 1872); "Chemical Qualitative Analysis" (New York, 1879); and "History of the Confederate Powder Works" (Augusta, 1882). In accordance with his wish, the Confederate flag which he took from the Augusta arsenal when he was about to evacuate that post, and which was the last garrison flag of the Confederacy, was buried with him.

Rasmussen, Peder A., clergyman, born in Stavanger, Norway, Jan. 9, 1829; died in Lanesboro, Minn., Aug. 15, 1898. He emigrated to America in 1850, and in 1851 settled in Lisbon, Ill. He taught school for a few years, and in 1853 the Norwegians who had settled in and around Lisbon called him as their pastor. He studied theology in the seminary at Fort Wayne, Ind., and in 1854 was ordained as a minister of the Lutheran Church. He was pastor at Lisbon forty-four years, was one of the founders of the Norwegian Theological Seminary at Northfield, Minn., and one of the leaders in the United Norwegian Church in America.

Rector, John Benjamin, jurist, born in Jackson County, Ala., Nov. 24, 1837; died in Austin, Texas, April 9, 1898. He accompanied his parents to Texas in 1847, was graduated at Yale in 1859, studied law, and settled in Austin. In the civil war he enlisted in Terry's Texas Rangers, with which he served till the close of the war. Resuming law practice at Bastrop, he was elected district attorney of the 2d Judicial District of Texas in 1866, but lost the office in the following year under the re

construction Government. From 1871 till 1876 he was a judge of the State court in the same district, and from 1876 till 1892 engaged in private practice in Austin. In March, 1892, he was appointed judge of the United States Court for the Northern District of Texas, which office he held till his death.

Reeder, Howard J., jurist, born in Easton, Pa., in December, 1843; died there. Dec. 28, 1898. He was a son of Andrew H. Reeder, one of the Governors of Kansas during the antislavery struggle there, and was educated at Princeton College. While in the senior year he was appointed a lieutenant in the 1st Regular Infantry, and he served at Island No. 10, where he was wounded and obliged to give up the service. He recovered and became a captain in the 153d Pennsylvania Volunteers, taking part in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. After the war he studied law at Harvard, and was admitted to the bar in 1867, taking up his practice in Easton. In 1881 he was appointed judge, and in 1884 was chosen judge of the Northampton Common Pleas. He was commissioned, under appointment by the Governor, judge of the Superior Court, June 28, 1895, and elected in the autumn for the term beginning Dec. 19, 1895.

Remenyi, Édouard, violinist, born in Heves, Hungary, in 1830; died in San Francisco, Cal., May 15, 1898. He was a pupil of Bohn at the Vienna Conservatory, began giving violin recitals in 1849, and traveled to all the principal cities in Europe and America. He was so successful in England that he was appointed solo violin to the Queen. In 1860 he was appointed court violin master to the Emperor of Austria. For several years before his death he was a resident of New York city. He died on the stage of the Orpheum Theater, in San Francisco, when about to begin a response to a recall after an enthusiastic reception given to the first number which he had played on his first appearance in a vaudeville performance.

Renier, Monsignor, Antonio. Count, bishop, born in Chioggia, Italy, Aug. 29, 1825; died in New York city, Dec. 11, 1898. He was educated at the University of Padua, where he received the degree of doctor of theology and philosophy. For a time he taught law and edited a newspaper in Florence. He was made secretary to Pope Pius IX, serving in that capacity nearly fifteen years, and received the title of bishop, but never was appointed to a see. After the death of Pope Pius IX he met with reverses, and in 1890 he came to the United States, very poor. He officiated nearly a year in a small church in the southern part of Texas with little success, and then came to New York, where he settled in the Italian quarter, and was beloved because of his modest labors and charities.

Richards, Dexter, benefactor, born in Newport, N. H., in 1810; died there, Aug. 7, 1898. He received a common-school education, and engaged in business with his father till 1853, when he acquired an interest in a flannel mill. He accumulated a large fortune in manufacturing and in financial and railroad enterprises. After holding nearly all the offices in the gift of the town, he served three terms in the lower house of the Legislature and two in the upper. He was a man of large benevolence, and among his gifts to the town were a handsome public library and a high-school building.

Richards, Matthias Henry, educator and author, born in Germantown, Pa., June 17, 1841; died in Allentown Pa.. Dec. 12. 1898. His father was a distinguished theologian of the Lutheran Church. The son was graduated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa., in 1860, and became a teacher and a student of theology. On the inva sion of Pennsylvania by Lee's army, 1863, he en

listed "for the existing emergency" in the 26th Pennsylvania Militia, and shared all its campaign experiences until mustered out. He was ordained in 1864, and supplied various pulpits. In 1865 he became pastor of a congregation at South Easton, Pa., and in January, 1866, he took charge of a congregation at Greenwich, N. J., where he remained until November, 1867. In 1868 he was elected Professor of English and Latin in Muhlenberg College, and removed to Allentown. He held this chair until the spring of 1874, when he became pastor of a Lutheran congregation in Indianapolis, Ind., where he remained until January, 1877, when he was recalled to his former chair in Muhlenberg College. As professor, while nominally of the English language and literature, he taught, at one time or another, everything in the college course except the natural sciences. His place in college he retained until his death. Besides his college work he was connected with the schools of Allentown from 1879 as director, member of the Board of Control, and secretary of the board. He was editor of the "Church Lesson Leaves" and "The Helper," 1880-'96; editorial writer for "The Lutheran," 1884-'98; editor of the Church Messenger" for several years; a regular contributor to the Gettysburg Quarterly' " and the Lutheran Church Review"; and from 1896 was associate editor of "The Lutheran " and a contributor to the General Council's new series of Sunday-school publications. He was in demand as a lecturer, preacher, and teacher, especially at the Pennsylvania Chautauqua. In June, 1889, he received the degree of D. D. from Pennsylvania College. Richmond, George Borden, inventor, born in Chardon, Ohio, in 1849; died in Lansing, Mich., Aug. 3, 1898. He was left an orphan in early life, and went to live with relatives in Watertown, Mich., where he worked on a farm till eighteen years old. Then he studied dentistry, and settled in North Lansing to practice. He was an earnest student, an accomplished chemist, and a genius in mechanics. His undisputed inventions included an electric motor. He claimed the invention of the telephone, and old residents of Lansing testified to his experiments and to the successful working of his device. On applying for a patent he was informed that one had just been granted to Alexander Graham Bell. He accumulated much evidence to substantiate his claims, but allowed them to go by default. Roberts, Charles W., military officer, born in Oldtown, Me., in 1829; died in Bangor, Me., March 23, 1898. At the outbreak of the civil war he entered the national army as lieutenant colonel of the 2d Maine Volunteers, and was promoted to the command of the regiment. Subsequently he was brevetted brigadier general for meritorious conduct on the field. After the battle of Antietam, in September, 1862, he was forced by illness to take a furlough, but he retained command of his regiment till January, 1863, when his condition led him to resign. He was for a short time collector of the port of Bangor by appointment of President Johnson, but failed of confirmation by the Senate, and he held the office under confirmation from 1887 till 1891. In 1870 and 1875 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Maine. Roberts, Joseph, soldier, born near Middletown, Del., Dec. 30, 1814; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 19, 1898. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy and entered the army as brevet 2d lieutenant in the 4th Artillery, July 1, 1835; promoted 2d lieutenant, June 10, 1836; 1st lieutenant, July 7, 1838; captain, Aug. 20, 1848; major, Sept. 3, 1861; lieutenant colonel, Aug. 11, 1863; colonel, Jan. 10, 1877; and was retired July 2, 1877. In the volunteer service he was commis

sioned a colonel in the 3d Artillery of Pennsylvania, March 19, 1863; was brevetted brigadier general of volunteers, April 9, 1865; and mustered out of the service Nov 13, 1865. He served at Fort Hamilton, N. Y., in 1835-36; took part in the operations against the Creek Indians; and served in the Florida war of 1836-37 as captain of a regiment of mounted volunteers. In 1838-39 he was Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at the Military Academy. He was again sent to Florida, and took part in the Indian war of 1849. In 1853 he commanded Fort Mifflin, in 1857 was transferred to Fort Leavenworth, Kan.. and later assumed charge of Fort Monroe. He served through the civil war, was in command of Fort Monroe in 1861, in October of that year was made chief of artillery in the 7th Army Corps, and in 1863 was in charge of the 4th Artillery Corps. After the war he held the office of assistant inspector general of the department in Washington and superintendent of the Artillery School, at Fort Monroe. At the time of his retirement, in 1877, he was on duty at the Presidio, in San Francisco. He published "A Handbook of Artillery" (1860).

Robertson, William H., lawyer and politician, born in Bedford, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1823; died in Katonah, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1898. After preliminary studies in Union Academy, Bedford, he was admitted to the bar in 1847. He practiced in New York city a few years, beginning with 1861; but his life practice was in the adjoining county of Westchester, of which he served as county judge twelve years. Beginning life as a Whig, he afterward became a Republican, and was a delegate to numerous conventions of that party. Between 1848 and 1891 he was three times a member of the State Assembly and eight times a member of the State Senate, of which he was uniformly the chairman of the Judiciary Committee and often the president pro tem. He was chairman of the Military Committee of his senatorial district in 1862. In 1876 he was sent to Florida by President Grant to witness the count of the electoral vote. He was a Representative in the 40th Congress. Williams College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. in 1876. Three incidents in his later life made him a most important factor in the politics of the United States. The first was in May, 1880, when, two months before the Republican National Convention, to which he was a delegate, he announced himself for Blaine as against Grant, thus breaking over the time-honored custom of the "unit rule" that required the votes of all the delegates from a State to be cast for one candidate. He thus became the leader in the movement that resulted in nominating Garfield. The second was in March, 1881, when President Garfield had nominated him for collector of customs of the port of New York. The State Senate, of which he was a member at the time, approved his nomination, but it was not approved by Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Platt, who were the United States Senators from New York, and who claimed the privilege of nominating appointees to Federal offices in that State. They thereupon resigned and appealed to the Legislature for a reelection. During the long struggle that followed President Garfield was assassinated. The Legislature refused to return the two Senators, and elected others in their places. Judge Robertson, in the meantime, had been confirmed by the United States Senate, and he held his office four years, ending in 1885. Upon his retirement his conduct of the office was commended even by men of other political parties. The third and most far-reaching incident arose out of a trivial proxy in the Republican State Convention of 1882. The delegates were