7. In 845; how many mills? 8. In $36 and 1 cent; how many cts.? Ans: 45000 m. Ans. 3601 cts. Ans. 400001. 9. In $400 and 1 mill; how many mills? Ans. 11 dimes. 11. In 1 dollar and 5 dimes; how many cents? 12. In one dollar, one dime, one cent and many mills? 13. In 15 dimes; how many cents? 14. In 9 dimes; how many mills? ENGLISH MONEY.* Ans. 150 cts. one mill; how Ans. 1111 mills. Ans. 150 cts. Ans. 900 mills. 4 Farthing (qrs.) make 1 Penny, marked d. 1 Shilling 1 Pound A Groat is four pence. of a penny. NOTE.-Farthings are often written thus, 1 farthing, of a penny, 2 farthings, of a penny, and 3 farthings, This is the money of account now in England. only mode of reckoning in the United States till after gress in 1792, establishing a mint and regulating the coins; but since, it has gradually grown out of use. EXAMPLES. 1. In 4 pounds; how many shillings? And it was the an act of Constandard of our Ans. 80 s. DEM.-It is plain, since it takes 20 shillings to make one pound, that we must have twenty times as many shillings as pounds, to equal our pounds in value; and multiply £4, our multiplicand, by 20, our product expresses twenty times as many as our multipliand; and it should express 20 times value; because a shilling is the twenAns. 102s. Here, according to our rule, we multiply our highest denomination, and add to the product the 2 shillings, the next inferiour denomination, and our product then expresses the number of shillings contained in 5 pounds and 2 shillings, because 20 times 5 are 100, and 2 make 102, shillings. 3. Reduce £48 17s. 6d. and 3 farthings to farthings. Ans. 46923 qrs. DEM.-We first multiply our pounds by 20, because it takes 20s. to make a pound; and add the shillings, because our product expresses shillings. We then multiply our shillings by 12, because a unit in shillings is equal to 12 pence; and we add the pence in the given sum to the product, because our product is pence; we then multiply the pence by 4, because a unit in pence is equal to four times as many farthings; and we add the farthings in our given sum to the product, because our product expresses farthings. 4) 4 6 9 2 3 qrs. 12) 1 17 3 0-3 qrs. Proof. £4 8 17s. 6d. 3 qrs. 4. In £6; how many shillings? 5. In £1; how many shillings and pence? Ans. 120s. Ans. 20s. 240d Ans. 480. 7. In £3; how many farthings? Ans. 2880grs. 8. In £16 14s. 6d. ; how many pence ? Ans. 4014d. 6. In £2; how many pence? 9. In £34; how many shillings, pence, and farthings? 10. In £96; how many 11. In £46 12s. and 6d.; Ans. 680s., 8160d., 32640qrs, Ans. 46080. half pence? Ans. 44760qrs. 12. In £86 14s. 6d. 2qrs; how many farthings? Ans. 83258qrs. 13. In £39; how many shillings, pence, and farthings? Ans. 780s., 9360d., 37440grs. lings and pence? 14. In 48 Guineas at 28 shillings each; how many shilAns. 1344s., 16128d. 15. In 24 Moidores at 36 shillings each; how many shillings? Ans. 864s. 16. In 320 Pistoles at 22 shillings each; how many shil lings and pence? Ans. 70403., 844800. and pence? 17. In 4 dollars at 8 shillings each; how many shillings, Ans. 32s., 384d. 18. In 32 dollars at 8 shillings each; how many pence, and half pence? Ans. 3072d., 6144 half pence. REDUCTION ASCENDING. RULE.-Divide the given sum by that number which it requires of the given denomination, to make a unit in the next higher denomination; and so proceed, dividing in each operation the last quotient by the number which it requires to make a unit in the next higher, till you have reduced the given sum to the denomination required; the last quotient, with the several remainders, if any, will be the true answer. EXAMPLES. 1. In 16qrs.; how many pence? 4) 16qrs. Proof. 4 1 6qrs. Ans. 4d. DEM. The reason of our dividing by 4 is plain; because it takes four farthings to make a penny, and one fourth the given number in pence must equal the farthings in value; for every penny is equal to four farthings; and when we divide by 4, our quotient expresses one fourth part of our dividend, though the same in value; because a number in pence is equal to four times the same number in farthings. 2. In 145 farthings how many shillings? qrs. 4) 145 12) 36d. 1qr. Ans. 3s. Od. 1qr. Ans. 3s. Od. 1qr. NOTE.-The remainder is of the same name of the dividend that produced it. DEM. When we divide by 4, our quotient is one fourth part of the dividend in number, but the same in value; because any number of pence is equal to four times the same number in farthings; and when we divide the pence by twelve our quotient is one twelfth of our dividend in number, but the same in value; for any number of shillings is equal to twelve times the same number in pence. 3. In 35339 farthings; how many pounds? grs. 4) 35339 12) 8834-3 qrs. Ans. £36-16s. 2d. 3qrs, Ans. £36 16s, 3qrs. DEM. Here, we first divide by 4, because four farthings make a penny, then by 12, because 12 pence make a shilling, and lastly, by 20, be 35339qrs. £36 16s. 2d. 3qrs. 4. In 46382 farthings; how many pence? Ans. 11595d. 2qrs. 5. In 16486 pence; how many shillings? Ans. 1373s. 10d. 6. In 85 shillings; how many pounds? Ans. £3. Ans. £96. Ans. 48g. Ans. 24m. Ans. 30. Ans. 2guin. 168. 3d. 13. In 36463 pence; how many pounds? Ans. £151 18s. 7d 14. In 74981 half-pence; how many pounds? Ans. £156 4s. 21d. 15. In 3452 sixpences; how many pounds? Ans. £86 6s. Od. guin. 28 2720 DEM. It is evident, that twentyeight times the number of guineas, must give shillings; and one twentieth of the shillings, must be pounds because 20 shillings are equal to one pound; so it will be perceived, that this is exactly the reverse of the example above. 3. In 324 guineas at 28 shillings each; how many moidores at 36 shillings each? 210)95210 £476 Ans. Ans. 252 moi. 4. In 680 pistoles at 22 shillings each; how many pounds? Ans. £748. 5. In 748 pounds; how many pistoles, and shillings? Ans. 680 pistoles, 14960s. 6. In 48 moidores; how many dollars, at 8 shillings each? Ans. 216 dols. 7. In £82 10 shillings; how many pistoles? Ans. 75. 8. In 34642 sixpences; how many shillings, and pounds? Ans. 17321 shillings, £866 1s. 9. In 411 English crowns at 6s. 8d. each; how many pounds? Ans. £137. 10. In 3584 four and a half penny pieces; how many dollars, at 8 shillings each? Ans. $168. 11. In 6480 groats; how many pence and shillings? Ans. 25920d., 2160s. 12. In £25 and 10 guineas; how many shillings, sixpences, and three-pences? 2 Ans. $64,83 cts. Ans. 780s., 1560 six-pences, 3120 three-pences. 13. In 6483 cents; how many dollars? 14. In $580; how many cents? 15. In $85,68 cts.; how many cents? 16. In 84684 mills; how many dollars? Ans. 58000 cts. Ans. $84,68 cts. 4 mills. 17. In $68,25 cts. 2 mills; how many mills? Ans. 68252 mills. 18. In 360480 groats; how many shillings, and pounds? Ans. 120160s., £6008. NOTE. As the student advances, the teacher should question him, letting the student mentally tell how he performs each operation; why he multiplies, and what it produces for a product; why he divides and the name of the quotient. The teacher, by pursuing this method G |