These tables show that in using figures to express numbers, they are placed in a horizontal row-the first figure at the right hand representing one or more units, the next tens, the next hundreds, &c. Thus a 1 is one unit, or one ten, or one hundred, &c. according to the place in which it stands; and in like manner, a 2 is two The same units, or two tens, or two hundreds, &c. rule determines the value of each of the other figures. In reading numbers, the units and tens are taken together. 1 ten and 1 unit are read eleven; 1 ten and 2 units, twelve; 1 ten and 3 units, thirteen, &c.: 2 tens and one unit are read twenty-one; 3 tens and 1 unit, thirty-one, &c. Thus the number expressed by the row of figures in table first is read—one hundred and eleven millions, one hundred and eleven thousands, one hundred and eleven. That expressed by the figures in table second is read-two hundred and twen ty-two millions, two hundred and twenty-two thou sunds, two hundred and twenty-two. The succeeding tables will further illustrate the subject Units In writing numbers which have no units, or no tens, or no hundreds, &c. the order observed in the foregoing tables must be maintained by filling the vacant places with a character called a nought or cypher, (0) which, of itself, represents no number. See TABLE FOURTH. Tens of thousands Hundreds of thousands Millions Tens of millions Hundreds of millions 100 1, 0 0 0 1 0, 0 0 0 1 0 0, 0 0 0 1, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1 0, 0 0 0,00 0 1 0 0, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 2 0 0, 0 0 0, 0 0 2 3 0 0, 0 0 3, 0 3 0 4 0 4, 0 4 0, 4 0 0 · One hundred 1 thousand 10 thousand 100 thousand 1 million 10 millions 100 millions 200 millions and 2 300 millions 3 thou. and 30 404 millions 40 thou. 4 hun. - 550 millions 500 thousand EXAMPLES. Read the following numbers, or write them in words. Note.-Making a point or dot after every third figure, counting from the units place, greatly facilitates the reading of large numbers. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 40, 43, 44, 50, 55, 56, 60, 67, 68, 70, 71, 79, 80, 82, 83, 90, 92, 100, 101, 111, 112, 113, 114, 120, 128, 130, 132, 200, 203, 210, 300, 320, 332, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2001, 3010, 4020, 5200, 10250, 23450, 356789, 6789402, 76450791, 20156789, 1304136784. Write the following numbers in figures. Ten. Twelve. Fifteen. Seventeen. Twenty-six. Thirtynine. Fifty-two. Seventy-four. Eighty-one. Ninetysix. One hundred and fifteen. Two hundred. Three hundred and twenty. Nine hundred and nine. One thousand two hundred. Seven thousand seven hun dred and thirty. One hundred and forty thousand. Seven hundred thousand five hundred and sixty-three. Seventeen millions. Eighty-four millions two thou sand and forty-nine. Two hundred millions and fifteen. SIMPLE ADDITION. Addition teaches to collect several numbers into one. The number formed by adding several numbers 18 called the amount or sum of those numbers. RULE. Place the numbers one under another, with units under units, tens under tens, &c. then, beginning with the units, add up all the columns successively, and under cach column set down its amount. But if either of the amounts (except the last) be more than 9, set down its right hand figure only, and add the number expressed by its left hand figure or figures into the next columu. The whole amount of the last column must be set down. Add the following numbers, viz. 14, 18, 99, 45, 28, 27, 19, 38, 16, 39, 48, 29, 260, 148. . Add, six hundred and forty, seventy-nine, eighty, one hundred, two hundred and ten, four hundred and fifty. Add, nineteen thousands, fifty thousands, one million one hundred and one, one hundred and twenty-five. APPLICATION. 1. If John give Charles twenty nuts, and James give him fifty-six, and Joseph give him ninety-five, how many will he have? Answer 171. 2. A person went to collect money, and received of one man ninety dollars; of another, one hundred and forty dollars; of another, one hundred and one dollars; and of another, twenty-nine dollars. How much did he collect in all? Ans. 360 dollars. 3. Deposited in bank, fifty dollars in gold; three hundred dollars in silver, and five thousand dollars in notes. What is the whole amount deposited? Ans. 5350 dols. 4. The distance from Philadelphia to Bristol is 20 miles; from Bristol to Trenton, 10 miles; from Trenton to Princeton, 12 miles; from Princeton to Brunswick, 18 miles; from Brunswick to New York, 30 miles. How many miles from Philadelphia to New York? Ans. 90. 5. A merchant bought of one person 50 barrels of flour for 300 dollars; of another person, 75 barrels for 525 dollars; and of another person, 125 barrels for 1000 dollars. How How many barrels did he buy, and how much did he pay for the whole? Ans. 250 barrels, and paid 1825 dollars. SIMPLE SUBTRACTION. By Subtraction we ascertain how much greater one number is than another: or what remains when a less number is taken from a greater. RULE. Place the less number under the greater, with units under units, tens under tens, &c. Then, beginning at the units place, take each lower figure from the one above it, and set down what remains. But if either of the lower figures be greater than the upper one, conceive 10 to be added to the upper,* then take the lower from it, and set down the remainder. When 10 is thus added to the upper figure, there must be 1 added to the next lower figure. PROOF. Add the remainder to the less number, and their amount will be equal to the greater. Some prefer taking the lower figure from 10, adding the remainder to the upper, and setting down their amount. |