12. The apple crop of New York in a recent year was 24,110,000 bushels; of Pennsylvania, 24,060,000 bushels; of Ohio, 20,620,000 bushels; of Virginia, 9,840,000 bushels; of Illinois, 9,180,000 bushels. What was the combined crop of these five states? 13. The value of the herds in six leading cattle states in 1900 was as follows: Texas, $163,000,000; Iowa, $142,000,000; Kansas, $117,000,000; Nebraska, $82,500,000; Illinois, $82,200,000; Missouri, $76,000,000. What was the value of the cattle in the six states? Explain the diagram. Texas $163,000,000. $117,000,000. Towa-$142.000.000. Kansas $82.500,00 Missouri Neb 00,000.-11.$82,200,000, $76, ,000, ,000. LEADING CATTLE STATES 14. In a certain year the sales of leading flowers were: roses, $6,000,000; carnations, $4,000,000; violets, $750,000; chrysanthemums, $500,000. What were the total sales? 15. For practice copy and time yourself in adding the following numbers. Repeat this from day to day, and note the progress made. Add by columns and by lines: SUBTRACTION 22. 1. If Ruth has $8 and spends $3, how much has she left? 2. Ten marbles are how many more than 4 marbles? 3. What number of cents added to 16 cents makes 25 cents? 4. If you pay a debt of 40 cents, how much change do you get out of $1? 23. The number that is left when one number is taken from another is called the Remainder or Difference. 24. The process of finding the difference between two numbers is called Subtraction. 25. The number from which another is subtracted is called the Minuend. 26. The number which is subtracted is called the Subtrahend. 702 Minuend 527 Subtrahend 175 Remainder or Difference 1. Can 3 feet be taken from 5 pounds? Why not? 2. What is the remainder when $3 is taken from $7? How does $7 compare with the sum of $3 and this remainder? 3. Subtract one number from another and see what the difference added to the smaller number equals. Observe that the minuend equals the sum of the subtrahend and the difference. 29. In the following name only sums and differences; thus, in the first example, say 6, 10, 5, 11, 4: 30. If you owe a merchant 18 cents and give him a quarter, he says: "18 and 2 are 20, and 5 more make 25," and hands you back 2 cents and a nickel. In like manner call the change for: 1. $1, when you owe 70 cents. 31. 1. The minuend is 82, the subtrahend 30. is the difference? 2. The minuend is 75, the difference 23. subtrahend? What What is the 3. The subtrahend is 45, the difference 13. What is the minuend? 4. To what number must 50 be added to make the sum 90? 5. From what number must 36 be subtracted to make the difference 64 ? ORAL EXERCISES 32. 1. Subtract by 5's from 39 to 4. From 42 to 2. From 35 to 5. From 55 to 1. 2. Subtract by 6's from 36 to 6. 3. Subtract by 9's from 45 to 0. 4. Count by 7's from 2 to 58, and then back from 58 to 2. 5. If you buy a dozen eggs for 17 cents, how much change do you get out of a half dollar? 6. Joy has 27 plants, of which 9 are geraniums and the others pinks. How many pinks has she? 7. Tom will be 20 years old 5 years hence. How old was he 6 years ago? 8. An agent purchased books for $15 and sold them. for $38. How much did he gain? 9. Willie earns $45 a month and spends $15. How much does he save monthly? 10. A farmer having 38 sheep sold 18 and killed 11. How many had he left? 11. I owe my grocer $50, and pay him $30. What balance is still due ? 12. Robert had a $20 bill and a $5 bill. He bought a hat for $3 and a coat for $10. How much had he left? 13. A boy wishing to ride 70 miles on his wheel rode 20 miles the first day and 30 miles the second. How many miles had he yet to ride? 14. Tom has $50 in bank and $20 in cash, but owes $30. What is his net capital? 15. A piano has 88 keys. Thirty-six of them are black. How many are white? 16. At the depot a man is loading a freight car which can haul 40,000 lb. He has put in 12,000 lb. How much more will be needed to load the car? WRITTEN EXERCISES 33. 1. Subtract 486 from 743. 743 486 257 Since we cannot take 6 ones from 3 ones, we add 1 of the 4 tens to the 3 ones, making 13 ones. Then 6 ones from 13 ones leave 7 ones. Having taken 1 ten from the 4 tens, 3 tens remain, from which we cannot take 8 tens. Hence, we take 1 of the 7 hundreds, or 10 tens, and add it to the 3 tens, making 13 tens. Then 8 tens from 13 tens leave 5 tens. From the 6 hundreds which remain we now take 4 hundreds. 2. From 453 take 296. 453400+ 50+ 3 = 400+40 +13=300+140+13=453 296200+ 90 +6 200+ 90 + 6200+ 90+ 6 = 296 157 = 100 + 50 + 7=157 The pupil should explain each step in the foregoing process. |