376. The picture shows the tracks of three great railway systems crossing each other at different grades. The following examples give some idea of the magnitude of the railroad interests of this country.

1. A recent report of the Interstate Commerce Commission showed a total of 214,478 miles of railway in the United States. The gross earnings for one year were $2,073,144,348, and the operating expenses were $1,383,597,578. What were the average gross earnings per mile? What was the per cent of operating expenses to gross earnings?

2. If 69.9% of the gross earnings came from freight traffic, 27.6% from passenger traffic, and the remainder from other sources, find the earnings credited to each.

3. The western division of the A. B. & C. railway has 665 miles of single track. If the ties were laid two feet from center to center, how many ties were used in its construction? At 45 each, what did they cost?

4. If this system is laid with steel rails that average 85 lb. to the yard, how many tons of rails are used? At $30 per ton, what are they worth?

5. During a recent year the railroads of this country bought 165,455 freight cars, 2551 passenger cars, and 5491 locomotives. The locomotives averaged $14,000 each, the passenger cars 50% as much, and the freight cars 142% as much as the passenger cars. How much did the roads expend for rolling stock that year?

10

6. In a recent year there were 1,296,000 railroad employees in this country. Of this number 31% were conductors, 4% engineers, and 41% firemen. The average daily earnings of conductors were $3.50; of engineers $4.10; and of firemen $2.35. What were the total earnings of conductors, engineers, and firemen that year (365 da.)?

7. In a recent year the railroads carried 719,650,000 passengers, of whom 15,112,650 rode in Pullman cars. What per cent of the passengers rode in Pullmans?

8. In 1904 the length of the railways of the world aggregated 534,000 miles. There were 213,600 miles in the United States that year. What per cent of the total mileage was that of the United States?

9. The earnings of the A. & B. R.R. were

(b) Find

(a) Find the gross earnings for each year. the increase in gross earnings in 1906 over those of 1905. (c) Find the per cent of increase of gross earnings. (d) Find the per cent of increase of earnings from freight traffic. From passenger traffic.

BANK PRACTICE

377. The ordinary business of a bank is

(1) To receive deposits;

(2) To make loans;

-

(3) To pay debts in distant places. (See Art. 389.)

378. Receiving Deposits.

In opening an account with a bank, it is first nec

DEPOSITED IN THE

First National Bank

essary to make a deposit.
Each deposit corresponds
with a deposit slip giving
the amount and description
of the money deposited. A
common form of deposit By.
slip is shown at the right.

379. After opening an account, a depositor may draw checks, whose sum should not exceed the amount to his credit.

Each transaction has its proper record. The bank

has its own system of book

keeping, and the depositor

OF BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

Bills.

Gold.

Silver

Checks.

Total 119 65

10 75

keeps a record of his checks and deposits in a check

book.

The following is a common form of check and its stub:

The teacher should procure from some bank the forms here introduced and show the transactions as they are actually made.

1. Make a slip showing the deposit of $550 in the Commercial National Bank of Nashville, Tenn.; then make checks to cover the following bills, and determine your balance :

He drew checks as follows: March 20, $65.20 to G. F. Coke; April 15, $29.65 to E. P. Mason; May 26, $57.90 to W. B. Dabney; July 21, $125 to B. Caldwell. Make checks, and find his balance.

3. What balance had I left from a deposit of $1000 after checking out $137, $165.40, $289.50, $47.65, and $106.75?

380. Checks must be indorsed before they can be cashed or transferred to another.

For example, if John West paid $65.20 to G. F. Coke by check, and Mr. Coke transferred the check to C. D. James, who deposited it in the Commercial National Bank, the back of the check would appear as in the fol

When a check is presented at the bank on which it was drawn, it is paid and so stamped.

1. Show the writing on the back of a check which is made payable to A. C. Babcock and indorsed by him to D. Armstead, who deposited it in the National Traders Bank of Birmingham.

2. Make a check payable to W. T. Poindexter for $25.56. Indorse on the back the form which would be used by Mr. Poindexter in transferring the check to F. J. Turner, and then show the indorsement necessary to deposit it to Mr. Turner's credit in the Farmers National Bank of Atlanta.