Compound declarative sentence.

1. I was....... .....food; A. Ineglected........object; connective, that. 1. Simple clause.

S. I; P. was; Att. confident. Ad. P. now; Ad. Att. so, and of a miraculous supply of food. (a)

a. Complex adverbial phrase.-Prin. part, supply; Ad. a, miraculous, of food. A. Compound member.

2. Ineglected...

2. Simple clause.

..repast; B. which........object; connective, which.

S. I; P. neglected; O. to walk out for my repast. (b)

b. Complex objective phrase.-Prin. part, to walk; Ad. out, for my repast. B. Complex member.

8. I; P. expected; O. which. Ad. P. after the first day, with an impatienee which left me.. ...object. (c)

c. Complex adverbial phrase.-Prin. part, impatience;

Ad. an and which left me little power of attending to any other object. (3)

8. Simple adjective clause.

S. which; P. left; 0. power; Ad. P. (to) me; Ad. O. little, of attending to any other object. (d)

d. Complex adjective phrase.-Prin. part, attending; Ad. to any other object. (e) e. Simple adverbial phrase. Prin. part, object; Ad. any, other.

EXAMPLE 3.-"Order is Heaven's first law; and this confessed,

Some are, and must be, greater than the rest,

More rich, more wise; but who infers from hence
That such are happier, shocks all common sense.”

Compound sentence; consisting of two coördinate members.
A. Order........wise; B. who........sense; Con. but.

A. Compound declarative member.

1. Order........law; C. this........wise; Con. and.

1. Simple declarative clause.

S. order; P. is; Att. law; Ad. Att. heaven's, first.

C. Compound declarative member.

2. Some are, and must be greater, more rich, more wise;

3. The rest (are); Con. than; This (being) confessed, is an independent phrase.

B. Complex declarative member.

S. He (understood); P. shocks; O. sense;

Ad. S. Who infers........happier; (D); Ad. O. all, common.

D. Complex adjective member,

S. who; P. infers; O. that such are happier. (4)

Ad. P. from hence.

4. Simple object clause.

S. such; P. are; Att. happier; Con. that.

Obs. It will be perceived from the examples analyzed in this and in the foregoing exercises, that complex sentences may be analyzed in two ways; 1. By dividing the sentence immediately into the principal and dependent clauses, explaining their connection, and then analyzing them separately; and 2. By treating the sentence as a whole, pointing out the subject, predicate, &c., and analyzing the dependent clause in its proper place, as one of the principal parts, or an adjunct to either. The former method is per haps preferable for beginners, but for more advanced students should give place to the latter, which is more logical and easier for intricate sentences.

Let the pupil analyze orally, or prepare a written analysis of the sentences in the following paragraphs, according to the preceding examples, and parse each word syntactically.

1. It is an empty joy to appear better than you are; but a great blessing to be what you ought to be.

2. Take counsel of the oracle in thine own heart, for there is not a more faithful monitor than that which speaks in secret there.

3. It is said that some thieves who once robbed a traveller, very gravely charged him with dishonesty for concealing a part of his money.

4. Were a man of pleasure to arrive at the full extent of his several wishes, he must immediately feel himself miserable. It is one species of despair, to have no room to hope for any addition to one's happiness. His following wish must then be, to wish that he had some fresh object for his wishes. This is a strong argument, that the mind and the body were both designed for strenuous activity.

5. Few men, that would cause respect and distance merely, can say anything by which their end will be so effectually answered as by silence.

6. Sometimes, a distant sail, gliding along the edge of the ocean, would be another theme of idle speculation. How interesting this fragment of a world, hastening to rejoin the great mass of existence! What a glorious monument of human invention, that has thus triumphed over wind and wave; has brought the ends of the world into communion; has established an interchange of blessings, pouring into the sterile regions of the north, all the luxuries of the south; has diffused the light of knowledge and the charities of cultivated life; and has thus bound together those scattered portions of the human race, between which nature seemed to have thrown an insurmountable barrier.

7. His story shows how one lapse from duty may counterbalance the merits of a thousand services; how one moment of weakness may mar the beauty of a whole life of virtue; and how important it is for a man, under all circumstances, to be true not merely to others, but to himself.

8. When Education delivered up those for whose happiness she had been so long solicitous, she seemed to expect that they should express some gratitude for her care, or some regret at the loss of that protection which she had hitherto afforded them. But it was easy to discover, by the alacrity which broke out at her departure, that her presence had been long displeasing, and that she had been teaching those who felt in themselves no want of instruction.

9. Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery! still thou art a bitter draught; and though thousands in all ages have been made to drink of thee, thou art no less bitter on that account.

10. See, Aspasio, how all is calculated to administer the highest delight to mankind! Those trees and hedges, which skirt the extremities of the landscape, stealing away from their real bulk, and lessening by gentle diminutions, appear like elegant pictures in miniature. Those which occupy the nearer situations, are a set of noble images, swelling upon the eye, in full proportion, and in a variety of graceful attitudes; both of them ornamenting the several apartments of our common abode, with a mixture of delicacy and grandeur.

11. "My friends," said he, "I have seriously considered our man. ners and our prospects; and I find that we have mistaken our own interest. Let us therefore stop, while to stop is in our power."They stared awhile in silence, one upon another, and at last drove him away by a general chorus of continued laughter.

12. Vexed at so untimely a disturbance, and disappointed of news from Spain, the duke frowned for a monent; but chagrin soon gave way to mirth, at so singular and ridiculous a combination of circumstances, and yielding to the impulse, he sunk upon the bed in a violent fit of laughter, which was communicated in a moment to the attendants.

13. Let us not confide presumptuously in the sufficiency of a national education; for though ignorance may destroy us, knowledge alone cannot save. Knowledge is, indeed, power; but it is power to kill as well as to make alive, as it is wielded by the madness of the heart, or by moral principle.

14. There is not in this wide world a safe deposit for liberty, but the hearts of patriots, so enlightened as to be able to judge of correct legislation, and so patient and disinterested, as to practice self. denial and self-government for the public good.

15. The Spring-she is a blessed thing!
She is mother of the flowers;

She is the mate of buds and bees,
The partner of their revelries,

Our star of hope through wintry hours.

16. Tell me not in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.

PART IV.

PROSODY.

Prosody treats of punctuation, utterance, figures. and versification.

CHAPTER I.-PUNCTUATION.

Punctuation is the art of dividing composition, by points, or stops, for the purpose of showing more clearly the sense and relation of the words,

and of noting the different pauses and inflections required in reading.

The following are the principal points, or marks; the Comma [], the Semicolor. [;], the Colon [:], the Period the Dash [-], the Eroteme, or Note of Interrogation [?], the Ecphoneme, or Note of Exclamation [!], and the Curves, or Marks of Parenthesis [0]

The Comma denotes the shortest pause; the Semicolon, a pause double that of the comma; the Colon, a pause double that of the semicolon; and the Period, or Full Stop, a pause double that of the colon. The pauses required by the other four, vary according to the structure of the sentence, and their place in it.

SECTION I.-OF THE COMMA.

The Comma is used to separate those parts of a sentence, which are so nearly connected in sense, as to be only one degree removed from that close connexion which admits no point.

EXAMPLES.

That life is long, which answers life's great end.
The mind, though free, has a governor within itself.
In eternity, days, years, and ages, are nothing.
Good and evil, like heat and cold, differ totally.
To strengthen our virtue, God bids us trust in Him.

SECTION II.-OF THE SEMICOLON.

The Semicolon is used to separate those parts of a compound sentence, which are neither so closely connected as those which are distinguished by the comma, nor so little dependent as those which require the colon.

EXAMPLES.

In the regions inhabited by angelic natures, unmingled felicity forever blooms; joy flows there with a perpetual and abundant stream, nor needs any mound to check its course.

Straws swim upon the surface; but pearls lie at the bottom.

5*

SECTION III. -OF THE COLON.

The Colon is used to separate those parts of a compound sentence, which are neither so closely connected as those which are distinguished by the semicolon, nor so little dependent as those which require the period.

EXAMPLES.

Avoid evil doers: in such society, an honest man may become ashamed of himself.

Princes have courtiers, and merchants have partners; the voluptuous have companions, and the wicked have accomplices: none but the virtuous can have friends.

SECTION IV.-OF THE PERIOD.

The Period, or Full Stop, is used to mark an entire and independent sentence, whether simple or compound.

EXAMPLES.

Every deviation from truth, is criminal. Abhor a falsehood. Let your words be ingenuous. Sincerity possesses the most powerful charm.-Blair.

SECTION V.-OF THE DASH.

The Dash is used to denote an unexpected pause, of variable length.

EXAMPLES.

"I must inquire into the affair, and if”—" And if!" interrupted the farmer.

Here lies the great-false marble, where?

Nothing but sordid dust lies here.-Young.

SECTION VI.-OF THE EROTEME.

The Eroteme, or Note of Interrogation, is used to designate a question..

EXAMPLES.

In life, can love be bought with gold?

Are friendship's pleasures to be sold?-Johnson.

SECTION VII.-OF THE ECPHONEME.

The Ecphoneme, or Note of Exclamation, is used