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of blood. Do not attempt at first to put in any sort of oils or balsam; they will only give pain, and do more harm than good. A great flow of blood may be often thus stopped, and life be preserved till the surgeon arrives, who will then act as he thinks fit. If the wound is not a very severe one, and it be at first closed with the fingers, and then shortly after bound closely together, it will often completely heal in a very few days, by what is called "the first intention;" and this would only have been hindered by any application of oils or hot ointments. A useful little work, called " Popular Surgery," says, "If the wound be a cut (or incised wound) whether from a sabre, hatchet, knife, sithe, or other cutting instrument, there is this precaution always to be taken: namely, to bring into exact contact the edges of the wound (that is, to make them touch) in order that they may unite, and the cure be accelerated (hastened). As to the after treatment, it is strictly the affair of a regular surgeon; but every one may be taught to imitate it, by placing the injured limb in such a position that the wound gape as little as possible. The good sense of the attendants, and some little instruction, will suffice to shew them much that may be needful to be done. Thus, if the wound be within the fingers on the hand, the hand must be closed, as when the fist is clenched, and it must be kept in that position: if, on the contrary, the wound be on the opposite side, the hand must be kept upon the stretch. If the wound be on the bend or inside of the knee, or elbow, the leg or arm must be bent; or if, on the contrary, the wound is on the knee or elbow, the leg or arm must be stretched out. When the wound is in the neck, the head must be brought to incline towards the side on which the wound is. The clotted blood or dirt about the wound may be washed off with a sponge and cold water; this is better than any other application, and should be done carefully. The cold water will of itself often be of great use in stopping the blood. By thus cleansing a wound it will be seen from what part the blood flows, and there the fingers of an attendant must be applied to stop it, if severe: and this may be done by a change of persons where there are two or three at hand, and where a single person might become fatigued.

1838.]

SURGICAL HINTS.

23

Thus life may be preserved in severe cases, for a length of time, till the surgeon arrives. The fingers form the best plug at first, 'till other things are procured. Then, if they can be had, such things as the following may be used -sponge, german tinder, puff-ball, spider's web, lint, &c. ; or perhaps nothing is better than old soft linen in three or four doubles; these must be bandaged on, with a handkerchief folded like a cravat. In severe cases several handkerchiefs may be required. These will be furnished by by-standers and by the patient himself, either from the neck or the pocket. When there is a severe bruise in addition to the open wound, especially on the head, a flow of blood, if not too much, will be of use, and will be likely to prevent worse consequences: and it may render the surgeon's lancet unnecessary. We are informed, that, in some parts of the country, when a reaper cuts himself with his sickle or otherwise, it is a common custom to thrust tobacco into the wound. This is very bad: it keeps the wound open and prevents the healing. When there is a severe bleeding in the hand or arm, hold it up, instead of down: this helps greatly to stop the flowing of the blood."

V.

DEUTERONOMY xxv. 13.

"THOU shalt not have in thy bag divers weights." Besides what every body calls theft, there are many practices, which amount indirectly to much the same thing. Thus, in the way of trade and business; if the seller puts off any thing for better than it is, by false assertions, or deceitful acts: if he takes advantage of the buyer's ignorance, or particular necessities, or good opinion of him, to insist on a larger price for it than it is worth, or if he gives less in quantity than he ought to give: the frequency of some of these cases cannot alter the nature of them. No one can be ignorant that they are wrong: and the declaration of Scripture against the last of them is extended, in the same place, to every one of the rest. "For all that do such things, and all that do unrighteously, are an abomination unto the Lord thy God." Archbishop Secker.

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MONUMENTS IN LLANGOLLEN CHURCH YARD.

WE have frequently laid before our readers inscriptions and epitaphs dedicated to the memory of faithful servants.

A handsome monument was erected about eight and twenty years ago in the church yard of Llangollen, to the memory of Mary Carryl, who had been, for many years, a faithful attendant on lady Eleanor Butler and Miss Ponsonby. These two ladies lived together for fifty years in a singularly pretty ornamented cottage, in the parish of the beautiful Llangollen in North Wales. They were very peculiar in their dress, the fashion of which they never changed, so that their appearance seemed strange to the people of the present day but they were kind and charitable, and beloved by all who knew them. The monument which they erected has three sides, on one of which is the inscription written by one of the ladies to the memory of their faithful attendant. The other two sides were left for their own Epitaphs; and are now all filled up. The last of the ladies died about six years ago.

(1)

In memory of
Mrs. Mary Carryl,

Deceased 22nd November 1809.

This monument is erected by Eleanor Butler and Sarah Ponsonby, of Plas Newydd in this parish.

Released from earth and all its transient woes,
She, whose remains beneath this stone repose,
Steadfast in faith resigned her parting breath,
Looked up with Christian joy, and smiled in death!
Patient, industrious, faithful, generous, kind,
Her conduct left the proudest far behind.
Her virtues dignified her humble birth,
And raised her mind above this sordid earth.
Attachment (sacred bond of grateful breasts)
Extinguished but with death this tomb attests,
Raised by two friends, who will her loss bemoan
Till, with her ashes, here shall rest their own.

C

(2)

Sacred to the Memory of
the Right Hon.

Lady Eleanor Charlotte Butler,
Late of Plas Newydd in this Parish,
Deceased 2nd June 1829.
Aged 90 years.

Daughter of the 16th and sister of the 17th Earls of
Ormond and Ossory

Aunt to the late and to the present Marquis of Ormond. Endeared to her friends by an almost unequalled excellence of heart, and by manners worthy of her illustrious birth, the admiration and delight of a very numerous acquaintance, from a brilliant vivacity of mind, undiminished to the latest period of a prolonged existence, her amiable condescension and benevolence secured the grateful attachment of those by whom they had been so long and so extensively experienced. Her various perfections (crowned by the most pious and cheerful submission to the Divine will) can only be appreciated, where, it is humbly believed, they are now enjoying their eternal reward, and by her of whom, for more than fifty years, they constituted that happiness, which, through our blessed Redeemer, she trusts will be renewed when this tomb shall have closed over its latest tenant.

"Sorrow not as others who have no hope." 1 Thess. chap. iv. v. 13.

(3)

Sarah Ponsonby
Departed this life

On the 9th December 1831, aged 76.

She did not long survive her beloved companion lady Eleanor Butler, with whom she had lived in this valley for more than half a century of uninterrupted friendship: "but they shall no more return to their house, neither shall their place know them any more." Job vii. 10.

Reader, pause for a moment, and reflect, not on the uncertainty of human life, but upon the certainty of its termination, and take comfort from the assurance that"As it is appointed unto all men to die, but after that the indgment, so Christ was once offered to bear the sins of

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